• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.154-160
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• 2014

Purpose: The efficiency of an anchor plate placed during orthognathic surgery via minimal presurgical orthodontic treatment was evaluated by analyzing the mandibular relapse rate and dental changes. Methods: The subjects included nine patients with Class III malocclusion who had bilateral sagittal split osteotomy at the Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry in Ajou University Hospital, after minimal presurgical orthodontic treatment. During orthognathic surgery, anchor plates were placed at both maxillary buttresses. The anchor plates were used to move maxillary teeth backward and for maximum anchorage of Class III elastics to minimize mandibular relapse during the postoperative orthodontic treatment. The lateral cephalometric X-ray was taken preoperatively (T0), postoperatively (T1), and one year after the surgery (T2). Seven measurements (distance from Pogonion to line Nasion-Nasion perpendicular [Pog-N Per.], angle of line B point-Nasion and Nasion-Sella [SNB], angle of line maxilla 1 root-maxilla 1 crown and Nasion-Sella [U1 to SN], distance from maxilla 1 crown to line A point-Nasion [U1 to NA], overbite, overjet, and interincisal angle) were taken. Measurements at T0 to T1 and T1 to T2 were compared and differences tested by standard statistical methods. Results: The mean skeletal change was posterior movement by $13.87{\pm}4.95mm$ based on pogonion from T0 to T1, and anterior movement by $1.54{\pm}2.18mm$ from T1 to T2, showing relapse of about 10.2%. There were significant changes from T0 to T1 for both Pog-N Per. and SNB (P<0.05). However, there were no statistically significant changes from T1 to T2 for both Pog-N Per. and SNB. U1 to NA that represents the anterior-posterior changes of maxillary incisor did not differ from T0 to T1, yet there was a significant change from T1 to T2 (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study found that the anchor plate minimizes mandibular relapse and moves the maxillary teeth backward during the postoperative orthodontic treatment. Thus, we conclude that the anchor plate is clinically very useful.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.212-219
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate treatment effects after distalization of the mandibular dentition using ramal plates through lateral cephalograms. Methods: Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms and dental casts of 22 adult patients (11 males and 11 females; mean age, $23.9{\pm}5.52years$) who received ramal plates for mandibular molar distalization were analyzed. The treatment effects and amount of distalization of the mandibular molars were calculated and tested for statistical significance. The significance level was set at p < 0.001. Results: The mandibular first molar distalization at the crown and root were 2.10 mm (p < 0.001) and 0.81 mm (p = 0.011), respectively. In the evaluation of skeletal variables, there was a significant increase in the Wits appraisal (p < 0.001). In the evaluation of the soft tissue, there was no significant effect on upper lip position, but the lower lips showed a significant retraction of 2.2 mm (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The mandibular molars showed a significant amount of distalization accompanied by limited extrusion and mesiobuccal rotation of the crowns. A ramal plate may be a viable device for mandibular total arch distalization in Class III patients who are reluctant to undergo orthognathic surgery.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.263-267
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 경남 하동지역 지리산에 자생하고 있는 고로쇠나무를 대상으로 흉고직경급별 수액채취량과 수액내 성분을 분석하였다. 고로쇠나무의 총 수액 채취량은 315L이었으며 흉고직경이 증가할수록 수액 채취량도 많았으며 총 채취량에 대해 소·중·대경목이 각각 21%, 33%, 46%의 비율을 나타내었는데, 이는 수관폭 증가와 근계 발달에 기인한 것이라 판단된다. 수액 채취량은 온도와 밀접한 관계가 있으며, 수액 채취량이 많은 날의 기상조건은 일최고·최저기온의 온도 격차가 크게 나타났다. 고로쇠나무 수액내의 고형분, 회분, 당도는 각각 1.90%, 0.02%, 1.64%로 나타났으며, 유리당은 자당 함량이 16.4g/L로 검출되었으나 포도당, 과당, 맥아당은 검출되지 않았다 고로쇠나무 수액은 총 7종의 무기성분 중 Ca(548 ㎎/L)과 K(303㎎/L.)의 함량이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제94권4호통권161호
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• pp.258-263
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• 2005

경남 거제지역에 자생하고 있는 붉은고로쇠나무의 흉고직경급에 따른 수액채취량과 성분을 분석하였다. 붉은고로쇠나무의 수액채취 가능기간은 17일간이었으며, 총수액채취량은 60본에서 193 l이었다. 총수액채취량에 대해 각 20본의 소 중 대경목이 각각 40 l(21%), 49 l(25%), 104 l(54%)가 채취되어 흉고직경이 증가할수록 수액채취량이 많아지는 경향을 나타내었다. 이는 수관폭과 근계발달에 기인하는 것으로 추정된다. 수액채취량은 주야간의 온도격차가 클 때 많은 것으로 나타났다. 붉은고로쇠나무 수액의 pH, 고형분, 당도는 각각 6.5, 2.40%, 1.99%로 측정되었으며, 유리당은 자당 함량이 19.9 g/L가 검출되었으나 포도당, 과당, 맥아당은 검출되지 않았다. 붉은고로쇠나무 수액은 총 7종의 무기성분이 검출되었으며 Ca과 Mg의 함량이 각각 441 mg/l 383 mg/l으로 나타났다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.680-692
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• 1997

New bonding agent systems have been supplied which operators can simply apply to conditioned tooth surfaces. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strengths and the microleakages of three bonding agents and composite resins to dentin. Seventy-five extracted human maxillary and mandibular molar teeth were used in this study. For the shear bond strength test, the entire occlusal dentin surfaces of thirty teeth were exposed with Diamond Wheel Saw and smoothed with Lapping and Polishing Machine (South Bay Technology Co., U.S.A). For the microleakage test, Class V cavities were prepared in the buccal surfaces of fourtyfive teeth. They were randomly assigned into 3 groups according to dentin bonding agents ($Scotchbond^{TM}$ Multi-Purpose plus, ONE-$STEP^{TM}$ and Prime & $Bond^{TM}$)and composite resins (Z-100, $Aelitefil^{TM}$ and TPH $Spectrum^{TM}$) to be used. Bonding agents and composite resins were bonded to exposed dentin surfaces of the tooth crown and to Class V cavities on the buccal surfaces respectively according to manufacturer's directions. The shear bond strengths were measured by universal testing machine($U^{TM}$ AGS-100, Japan). In addition, the degree of micro leakage at the occlusal and gingival margin was examined by 2 % methylene blue and stereomicroscope(Olymous SZH 10, Japan). The results were as follows: 1. The shear bond strength to dentin was the highest value in SBMP-Plus group($16.68{\pm}7.38$ MPa) and the lowest value in Prime & Bond group($11.61{\pm}5.82$ MPa), but there was no significant difference of shear bond strength among three groups. 2. The degree of microleakage at both occlusal and gingival margin was showed the lowest in SBMP-Plus group and the highest in ONE-STEP group. 3. At both occlusal and gingival margin, there was significant difference of microleakage between SBMP-Plus and ONE-STEP/ Prime & Bond groups(p<0.05), but no significant difference of microleakage between ONE-STEP and Prime & Bond group(p>0.05).

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.121-134
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• 2004

진단과 치료과정을 통해서 후천적으로 습득된 부정교합을 가진 부분무치악자 성인에게서, 교합고경을 회복해 줌으로써 3급 부정교합 안모에서 정상교합상태의 안모와 기능을 부여할 수 있었다. 대부분의 부분무치악자에서 치조골의 위축, 그리고 감소된 교합고경 인해 이루어진 부정교합자에게서 교합고경의 수복은 매우 어려운 작업이다. 적절한 안모의 심미는 대체로 interlabial gap이 약 0-2mm일 때 얻어진다. 이것과 함께, 제한된 입술 지지도(lip competence)가 교합고경 수복과 적절한 안모의 심미를 위한 지표로 사용될 수 있다. 소개된 증례의 경우는, 7년 이상의 계속 관찰 결과, 성공적인 치료였다고 판단된다. 교합고경을 증가시킨 경우이긴 하지만, 사실은 원래의 정상 교합고경으로 회복 시켜주었다고 하는 것이 더욱 옳은 표현일 것 같다. 교합고경을 증가시키는 작업은 안모의 수복, 절치부의 외상성 교합을 수정하고 하악을 후퇴시키는데 매우 어렵고도 중요한 일이다. 최종적으로, 3급 부정교합이 수정되고, 적절한 교합고경을 가지게 되었으며, 위축된 구치 무치악부가 rigid support 개념으로 제작된 가철성 의치로 수복되었다. 부분 무치악부를 가진 후천적 부정교합자의 치료의 결과로 획득한 치아 및 안모의 심미와 이것의 장기간 안정성은 다음의 관계를 잘 고려함으로써 지속될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다: 1) 이상적인 교합고경에서의 교합수복, 2) 상,하악골 관계에서 기능적으로 유도되는 최종 교합의 허용, 3) lip competence (입술 적응) 한계 내에서 기능적으로 유도되는 최종교합.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제84권4호
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• pp.437-446
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• 1995

본 논문은 강원대학교 임과대학 부속 연습림의 잣나무림(林)(I~V 영급(齡級))을 대상으로 현지조사 자료와 항공사진(航空寫眞) 측정자료와의 관계를 이용하여 영급별 흉고직경의 변동계수(變動係數), Weibull분포(分布)에 의한 ha당 본수 및 재적 등의 임분구조(林分構造)를 추정하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 사진측정 수관직경으로 부터 흉고직경을 구하고 이를 단면적(斷面積) 평균목직경(平均木直徑)으로 변환하여 산출한 영급별 평균 흉고직경의 변동계수(變動係數)는 I영급 28.88%, II영급 24.13%, III영급 23.29%, IV영급 20.17% 및 V영급 18.79%이며, 2) Weibull분포에 의한 영급별(齡級別) ha당 본수(本數)는 I영급 2,875본, II영급 2,100본, III영급 1,875본, IV영급 800본 및 V영급(齡級) 325본으로 3) 영급별 ha당 재적(材積)은 I영급 $22.9m^3/ha$, II영급 $66.8m^3/ha$, III영급 $101.3m^3/ha$, IV영급 $209.6m^3/ha$ 및 V영급 $266.8m^3/ha$으로 추정되었다. 4) 따라서 임분구조 추정에 효과적으로 항공사진이 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.196-202
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• 2012

An industrial safety helmet primarily intended to protect the wearer's head. It is to prevent or reduce the danger due to flying or dropping objects, falling and prevent the danger due to an electric shock given to the head. However, thermal discomfort of the head is one of the main complaints in the case of wearing safety helmet. Ventilation holes are not allowed in safety helmets on domestic regulations except for industrial safety helmets which are to protect wearer's head against flying or dropping objects. This paper is to produce the need for enlargement of allowing on ventilation holes' regulation to class B. This study reviewed foreign standards' regulations on ventilation holes of safety helmets. Some standards recommend that ventilation may be improved when fresh air is able to enter the helmet around its lower edge and to exit via holes in the helmet located in the upper one third of the helmet. And in the experiments, relationships of ventilation holes and the temperature over the head are analyzed. The experimental results show that the cooling effect of ventilation holes in the upper one third of the helmet is meaningful.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.57-61
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• 1974

The patient, a girl of 19 years in good health, had a class I malocclusion. The maxillary left centra1 incisors and both lateral incisors had already erupted. But the space for the right central incisor was partially closed by the mesial drifting of the neighboring teeth. The caused a shift in the midline and a cross-bite relation on the incisors. X-ray examination revealed the presence of the right central incisor in the alveolar bone and odontoma just above the crown of the right central incisor. After enough space for the impacted incisor was created in the dental arch with a open-coil spring the rectangular incision was made. Removing the odontoma uncovered the flat surface of the labial aspect of the incisor. During the tooth had erupted of its own accord, any unnecessary force had been imposed on the tooth. When it was decided that the tooth should be brought out by the mechanical device, the gold cast onlay with hook was used and run a light elastic between this hook and the main arch wire. Finally the tooth was brought down to the arch level. The result was excellent. Fortunately the esthetic problem and any detrimental effects on the psychological make-up could be avoided.

• 복식
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• 제59권9호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2009

Dangui is a formal dress of the wives of high officers and royalty in Chosun Dynasty and it was worn as a day dress in palace and a semi-ceremonial dress in upper-class households. Among the remains of Dangui a double-layered Dangui was found in which two sets of Dangui were combined to be worn as a single piece. The double-layered Dangui consists of an Over-Dangui and an Under-Dangui. The results of the examination of the remains for the Over-Dangui are as follows. As lone as the colors of the remains are identifiable, all of the Over-Dangui were green, whereas the Under-Dangui and lining materials were red. The textile was mostly in woven silk with pattern and it was frequently decorated with golden wefts or foils. A breast embroidery with phoenix and a dragon embroidery were also found. Such Dangui was worn mostly by the high members of the king's palace including the queen, crown princess, bastard princess, and monarch. There were two exceptions of wearing Dangui outside the king's palace. A simple Under-Dangui was made to enable a comfort fit of the two sets of Dangui and the suture was partially sewn. With three doth strings and cuffs, two pieces of Dangui were eventually assembled into one piece of clothing. Differences between the remains and the documents were also found in regards to textile and wearers of Dangui.