• 제목/요약/키워드: crossed effect

검색결과 105건 처리시간 0.03초

전단 보강재의 보강길이에 따른 기초판의 뚫림전단 성능평가 (Punching Shear Performance Evaluation of Foundation by Enforcement-length of Shear Head Reinforcement)

  • 이용재;이원호;양원직
    • 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
    • /
    • 제21권2호
    • /
    • pp.60-68
    • /
    • 2017
  • 본 연구에서는 지내력이 기초판에 미치는 영향을 충분히 고려할 수 있도록 현장여건과 동일한 옥외의 지반에서 실험할 수 있는 시스템을 구축하였으며, 대상 실험체는 경제성 및 시공성 향상을 위하여 강판을 "ㄷ"자형으로 절곡하여 단면 2차모멘트를 극대화 하고 현장조립이 가능하도록 제안 하였다. 대상 실험체는 무보강 실험체 1개, 강판 두께를 동일하게 하여 보강 길이를 달리한 실험체 3개, 강판 두께를 달리하고 위험단면 부근에 스티프너 보강한 실험체 2개 총 6개의 실험체를 대상으로 비교 검토 한다. 실험 결과 스티프너 보강에 의한 효과는 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 전단보강재의 보강길이는 확장된 위험단면에서 전단력을 지내력으로 나타낸 값과 위험단면에서 보강재가 받을 수 있는 전단내력을 지내력으로 환산여하여 두 선의 교차점을 유효보강 길이로 산정하는 강판두께별 유효보강길이 산정방법을 제안하였다.

Theanine이 남자 성인의 대뇌 $\alpha$파 발현에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Theanine on the Release of Brain Alpha Wave in Adult Males)

  • 송찬희;정주혜;오제성;김경수
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
    • /
    • 제36권9호
    • /
    • pp.918-923
    • /
    • 2003
  • L-theanine Is an amino acid in green tea and has been known to decrease serotonin and increase norepinephrine in rat brains, and also reported to produce mental relaxation, lower blood pressure and improve learning ability in human beings. But, few studies on these effects for human beings have been conducted so far. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of L-theanine on the release of brain alpha waves known to be related with mental relaxation and concentration. Twenty healthy male volunteers aged 18 to 30 years without any Physical and Psychological diseases were recruited through written advertisement. Alpha power values of EEG as a surrogate marker of mental relaxation and concentration were measured in frontal and occipital regions for 40 minutes after administration of four placebo or test tablets and 20 minute resting period. The same procedure crossed over at 7-day intervals. We analyzed average alpha power values in frontal and occipital regions at 10 minute intervals. Repeated ANOVA revealed that there were significant differences of occipital alpha power values between placebo and test groups with high anxiety (p < 0.05). The mean values at 20,30,40,50 and 60 minute intervals were 0.23, 024, 0.28, 0.25 and 0.34 in placebo, respectively and 0.23, 0.29, 0.40, 0.34, and 0.45 in test, respectively. But there were no significant differences of frontal and occipital alpha power values between placebo and test groups with low anxiety (p > 0.05) . The results of this study suggest that L-theanine containing tablets promote the release of alpha waves related to mental relaxation and concentration in young adult males.

Reproductive Performance of Three Iranian Sheep Breeds

  • Kiyanzad, M.R.;Panandam, J.M.;Emamjomeh Kashan, N.;Jelan, Z.A.;Dahlan, I.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • 제16권1호
    • /
    • pp.11-14
    • /
    • 2003
  • To evaluate the ewe reproductive performances of three Iranian local sheep breeds, namely Moghani, Chal and Zel, 27 rams and 473 ewes were used as the foundation flock in a crossbreeding program. The three breeds were crossed amongst themselves reciprocally. Ram breed and ewe breed showed a two-way interaction on apparent fertility. The Zel ewes showed higher fertility than the Chal and Moghani ewes (94.4 vs 77.3 and 84.6%). Prolificacy among main and individual mating groups were not significantly different (p>0.05). Zel ewes were 22.3 and 14.8% more reproductive (p<0.05) than Chal and Moghani ewes, respectively. Zel and Moghani ewes showed higher (p<0.05) ewe productivity than Chal ewes. Ram breed had a significant (p<0.05) effect on ewe efficiency. The Zel rams were not completely successful to mate with Chal ewes, this caused a to way-interaction between ram and ewe breeds. The Zel ewes mated with Chal and Moghani rams showed 26.1 and 28.5% more efficiency than those mated with Zel rams. This observation strongly supports the use of crossbreeding to improve the efficiency of the Zel ewes. With decreasing lamb mortality, through supplemented feeding of lambs in pre-weaning period, and increasing litter weight, through crossbreeding, it should be possible to improve the efficiency of Zel ewes even better than Chal and Moghani ewes. Small body size of Zel ewes that needs the lower maintenance requirements would be a well advantageous to using Zel ewes as the dam herd to produce commercial lambs in north area of Iran.

Influence of supplemental canola or soybean oil on milk yield, fatty acid profile and postpartum weight changes in grazing dairy goats

  • Lerma-Reyes, Israel;Mendoza-Martinez, German D.;Rojo-Rubio, Rolado;Mejia, Mario;Garcia-Lopez, J.C.;Lee-Rangel, Hector A.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • 제31권2호
    • /
    • pp.225-229
    • /
    • 2018
  • Objective: This experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of supplementation with soybean or canola oil on milk production and the composition of long chain fatty acids as well as weight changes in the goats and their kids. Methods: Thirty nine mulitparous crossed Alpine${\times}$Nubian goats (initial body weight [BW] $43.5{\pm}1.7kg$) from the day of parturition were assigned to the treatments: grazing control (n = 15); grazing plus 20 mL/goat/d of supplemental soybean oil (n = 12); and grazing plus 20 mL/goat/d of supplemental canola oil (n = 12) from November 26, 2014 to March 7, 2015. The planned contrasts were: CI (control vs supplemented with oils); CII (soybean vs canola oil) to compare the treatment effects. Results: The vegetable oil supplementation reduced weight losses in lactating goats (CI: -0.060 vs 0.090 kg/d; p = 0.03) but did not improve milk production or affect kids' growth. The content of C4, C6, C8, C10, C11, C14, and C18:1n9t in the milk was increased (p<0.05) with respect to control. However, C12, C14, C16, C18, C18:1n9c, C18:2n6c, and C18:3n3 were reduced (p<0.05) in supplemented goats. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was increased (p<0.05) in goats supplemented with oils compared to the control group. Conclusion: Supplementation with 20 mL/d of soybean or canola oil did not affect milk production or kids' performance; however, it increased CLA concentration and reduced the reduced weight losses in lactating goats.

고추의 더뎅이병(病) 저항성(抵抗性)과 역병(疫病) 저항성(抵抗性)의 유전(遺傳) (Inheritance of Resistance to Bacterial Spot and to Phytophthora Blight in Pepper)

  • 김병수;권영석;손은영
    • Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
    • /
    • 제9권
    • /
    • pp.127-133
    • /
    • 1991
  • 역병에 저항성인 PI201232와 더뎅이병 저항성인 PI271322와 PI163192를 교배하여 각 병해에 대한 저항성과 두가지 병해 저항성간의 유전적 관계를 검토하였다. 더뎅이병균 race 3에 대한 PI271322의 비과민반응형 저항성은 양적으로 유전하였다. PI201232의 역병에 대한 저항성은 2개의 우성유전자에 가까운 양식으로 유전하였다. PI271322의 더뎅이병균 race 1에 대한 과민반응형 저항성은 한개의 우성유전자 양식으로 유전하였다. PI163192는 더뎅이병균 race에 비특이적으로 저항성이었으며 우성효과가 큰 양적유전 양식으로 유전하였다. 더뎅이병균에 대한 저항성은 역병에 대한 저항성과는 독립적으로 유전하였다.

  • PDF

자율주행차량의 윤리적 문제 점검을 위한 시뮬레이션 연구 (Analyzing Traffic Impacts of the Utilitarian Robotic Autonomous Vehicle)

  • 임이정;김관용;이자영;황기연
    • 한국ITS학회 논문지
    • /
    • 제16권2호
    • /
    • pp.55-72
    • /
    • 2017
  • 자율주행차량은 다양한 사회 문제를 해결하기 위한 대안으로 각광받고 있다. 자율주행차량의 도입 및 관련 기술 개발 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있으나 자율주행차량에 탑재된 운행 알고리즘에 따른 실제 운행의 영향력에 대한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 한정된 물리적 환경에서 공리주의와 사회적 합의를 고려하여 차량 운행 중 발생 가능한 상황인 중앙선 침범 상황에 대한 시나리오를 설정하고 시뮬레이션을 통해 윤리적 판단이 필요한 상황에서의 자율주행차량의 운행에 따른 영향을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 자율주행차량이 안전도를 판단하여 옆 차선으로 차선을 변경한 시나리오에서 사고에 따른 영향이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한 자율주행차량의 판단에 따라 전방 충돌한 경우, 자율주행차량의 기능에 의해 교통류 개선 효과가 있음을 확인하였다.

광양만 권역에서의 고농도 오존 사례에 대한 기상 및 대기질 분석 (The Analysis of Atmospheric Flow Field and Air Quality According to the High Level Ozone Case on Gwangyang Bay)

  • 최현정;이화운;임헌호;송재활
    • 한국환경과학회지
    • /
    • 제17권7호
    • /
    • pp.743-753
    • /
    • 2008
  • Gwangyang Bay is often severely confronted by photochemical pollutants due to its location and dense emissions. It is located in a basin on the south coast of the Korean peninsula and is crossed by a remarkable cluster of hills and mountains of a small horizontal scale that forms a channel. Clearly, the air flow field has a great influence on the dispersion of air pollutants. The characteristics of the wind flow patterns have an important effect on the dispersion of pollutants emitted. In these situations, the distribution of the ozone concentration is extremely complicated because of the superposition of circulations of the air flow fields, especially in complex coastal region. In this study, we examined the distribution of the high level ozone on Gwangyang Bay particularly during the episode day (for 5 years). Among these days, A high level ozone was induced by the development of a sea/land breeze local circulation system, as well as by an anabatic/catabatic flow from the mountains and valley with weakening of the synoptic wind. High level ozone distribution pattern(6 types) on Gwangyang bay is analyzed and the comparison of each pattern reveals substantial localized differences in intensity and distribution of ozone concentration from the site coherence and UPA analysis of ozone concentration. The observed VOC concentration had much difference in concentrations and daily variations between Jungdong and Samil.

개고기 식용이 위생과 음식물 쓰레기 처리에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Dogmeat Eating on Sanitation and Food Waste Consumption)

  • 안용근
    • 한국식품영양학회지
    • /
    • 제23권1호
    • /
    • pp.124-133
    • /
    • 2010
  • The total number of the dogs bred in Korea as of 2007 was 1,917,709, and among them, 77%, 1,476,776 dogs were edible dogs. Dogmeat has been legalized edible as food from Choseon dynasty, Daehan imperial state, Japan-occupied era till the present Korea. Dogs had been included in the article 2, Enforcement Ordinance of Processing and Disposal Rule of Livestock and Its Products until the end of Jan. 1979, but it was crossed out by the Notification No 3,005(Feb. 1 1979 effective) of the Minister of Agriculture and Marine Products, and as a result, the obligation that dogs should be slaughtered at the slaughtering ground was defunct. Thus, the arbitrarily dog slaughtering was empowered. As a matter of fact, the new law was not legalized in order to ban dogs from being slaughtered. The waste amount of slaughtered edible dogs amounts to 7,282 tons annually, and most of its waste from the arbitrarily-slaughtered dog is being illegally dumped without proper management and supervision. Edible dogs defecate 292,509 tons(calculates urine as dung) annually, but it is sanitarily disposed according to the Law of Management and Use of Livestock's Dung and Urine which took effective from Sep. 2009. Annual sales amount of edible dogs comes to 590 billion won on the basis of the shipment at breeding ground, but after passing through various level of marketing, and being processed as Gaesoju, and Boshintang, it forms 4 trillion won market when it reaches customers. The amount of food waste in Korea in 2007 came to 5,274,944 tons, and 633 billion won was spent for its disposal cost. Korean edible dogs of 1,476,776 heads consumed 1,266,705 tons, the 24% of total food waste. Edible dogs are the most effective means to convert food waste into food for man, not entailing the cost of disposal. On the other hand, pet dog culture brought about disposal cost, and the 51,188 dogs were abandoned at 2007, while 7 billion won was spent for the protection, euthanasia of them and the disposal of their dead bodies.

도파관 슬롯 커플러용 비대칭 복합 아이리스에 의해 급전되는 중심 종방향 션트-시리즈 결합 슬롯에 관한 연구 (A Study of Center Longitudinal Shunt-Series Coupling Slot Fed by Asymmetric Compound Iris for Waveguide Slot Coupler)

  • 김병문;고지환;조영기
    • 한국전자파학회논문지
    • /
    • 제24권6호
    • /
    • pp.586-594
    • /
    • 2013
  • 본 논문에서는 도파관 슬롯 배열 안테나 설계 시 분기 도파관 내에서 결합 슬롯과 복사 슬롯 간의 원하지 않는 고차 모드 결합을 줄일 수 있는 슬롯 커플러용 결합 요소를 제안하였다. 제안된 소자는 수직 교차하는 두 도파관이 공유하는 도파관 광벽에 위치한 중심 종방향 션트-시리즈 결합 슬롯과 이를 여기시키는 비대칭 복합아이리스로 구성된다. 먼저 HFSS를 사용하여 커플러 구조의 산란 계수를 구하고, 결합 슬롯의 T - 회로망 등가 회로의 파라미터를 추출하였다. 또한, 소자의 구조적인 치수를 변화시키면서 공진 길이 및 정규화 어드미턴스와같은 공진 특성을 분석하였다. 결합 슬롯으로부터 ${\lambda}_g/4$ 떨어진 단락 블록을 갖는 커플러를 설계 제작하여 측정한 실험 결과는 모의실험 결과와 잘 일치하였다.

The hidden X suture: a technical note on a novel suture technique for alveolar ridge preservation

  • Park, Jung-Chul;Koo, Ki-Tae;Lim, Hyun-Chang
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
    • /
    • 제46권6호
    • /
    • pp.415-425
    • /
    • 2016
  • Purpose: The present study investigated the impact of 2 different suture techniques, the conventional crossed mattress suture (X suture) and the novel hidden X suture, for alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) with an open healing approach. Methods: This study was a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. Fourteen patients requiring extraction of the maxillary or mandibular posterior teeth were enrolled and allocated into 2 groups. After extraction, demineralized bovine bone matrix mixed with 10% collagen (DBBM-C) was grafted and the socket was covered by porcine collagen membrane in a double-layer fashion. No attempt to obtain primary closure was made. The hidden X suture and conventional X suture techniques were performed in the test and control groups, respectively. Cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images were taken immediately after the graft procedure and before implant surgery 4 months later. Additionally, the change in the mucogingival junction (MGJ) position was measured and was compared after extraction, after suturing, and 4 months after the operation. Results: All sites healed without any complications. Clinical evaluations showed that the MGJ line shifted to the lingual side immediately after the application of the X suture by $1.56{\pm}0.90mm$ in the control group, while the application of the hidden X suture rather pushed the MGJ line slightly to the buccal side by $0.25{\pm}0.66mm$. It was demonstrated that the amount of keratinized tissue (KT) preserved on the buccal side was significantly greater in the hidden X suture group 4 months after the procedure (P<0.05). Radiographic analysis showed that the hidden X suture had a significant effect in preserving horizontal width and minimizing vertical reduction in comparison to X suture (P<0.05). Conclusions: Our study provided clinical and radiographic verification of the efficacy of the hidden X suture in preserving the width of KT and the dimensions of the alveolar ridge after ARP.