• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.409-438
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• 2010

According to Sun Tzu's Art of War, "if you know yourself and your enemy you win hundred battles out of a hundred." This is also apply for international business field. International business negotiation will not be failed if you know counter party's behavior and understand their culture and customs. The cooperative approach is known as interest-based negotiation. Interest-based negotiation is particularly effective in a global business characterized by diversity. We often need to reach agreement with people who are different from us - culturally, ethnically, or economically. If we cannot get beyond the differences, they can create obstacles to agreement. To do this, we need to focus on the interests of the parties instead of on the parties' differences. Every culture has their own distinctive feature that the people from outside seems not understand but they must have the optimistic attitude which complies with. The purpose of this paper, from the point of view above, is to examine cultural differences that could make sure comparative advantage in business negotiation of the enterprises who eager to expand their market or to invest internationally. This paper especially shows cultural deferences among Korea, China and Japan in terms of business we must consider.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.396-401
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• 1997

Physical Properties of Jeungpyun product were analyzed during fermentation in the ranges of 0 to 10 hours. Penetration value of Jeungpyun sample measured by penetrometer was increased greatly according to the development of fermentation time, recording maximum value, 135 at 7 hours. Specific volume and total pore ratio were also increased greatly in course of fermentation time, recording maximum value, 3.5 ㎤/g-dry matter and 54.9％ at fermentation time, 6 hours and 4 hours respectively while they were decreased since then. Some remaining peaks on X-ray diffractogram were seen in all the Jeungpyun samples. Micropores and macropores were observed on cross-sectional view of all the fermented Jeungpyun samples.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 1992

The rate of tungsten nuclei formation from $WF_6-SiH_4$ on silicon dioxide surface was measured. The nucleation rate became faster at high deposition temperature, low carrier gas flow rate and high deposition pressure. Also the rate became faster at the downstream of the oxide surface compared to the oxide surface near the inlet. Shape and cross-sectional view of the tungsten nuclei were observed with SEM and their chemical compositions were also determined.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.05b
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• pp.379-384
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• 1996

Thermal-hydraulic performance has been analyzed for an advanced reactor core loaded with hexagonal fuel assemblies. Currently available CHF prediction models and data base for triangular lattice bundles have been thoroughly reviewed, and as a result the KfK-3 CHF correlation with limit CHFR of 1.235 has been determined to be most appropriate. The pressure drop model in COBRA-IV-I code has been modified for the analysis of triangular lattice rod bundles. In view of maximizing the thermal margin, the geometry of a hexagonal fuel assembly, such as rod diameter and rod pitch, has been optimized with a fixed fuel assembly cross sectional area The optimum value of the moderator-to-fuel volume ratio is estimated to lie between 0.65 to 1 with 9.5 mm rod diameter. The thermal margin of these hexagonal fuel assemblies in the AP600 core has been evaluated and compared with that of square lattice fuel assemblies such as VANTAGE-5H and KOFA. The analysis result shows that the performances of hexagonal fuel assemblies are more favorable than the square fuel assemblies in the aspect of steady-state overpower margin.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.501-506
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• 1993

The spatial potential distribution of electron cyclotron resonance plasma is measured as a function of tehsubstrate DC bias by Langmuir probe method. It is observed that the substrate DC bias changes the slope of the plasma potential near the subsrate, resulting in changes in flux and energy of the impinging ions across plasma $_strate boundary along themagnetric field. The effect of the substrate DC bias on the low-temperature silicon homoepitaxy (below $560^{\circ}C$) is examine dby in situ reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED), cross-section transmission electron microscopy (XTEM),plan-view TEM and high resolution transmision electron microscopy(HRTEM). While the polycrystalline silicon layers are grow withnegative substrate biases, the single crystaline silicon layers are grown with negative substrate biases, the singel crystalline silicon layers are grown with positive substrate biases. As the substrate bias changes form negative to positive values, the growth rate decreases. It is concluded that the control of the ion energy during plasma deposition is very important in silicon epitaxy at low temperatures below $560^{\circ}C$ by UHV-ECRCVD.VD.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.1380-1383
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• 2004

The scanning type XY stage is frequently used these days as precision positioning system in equipment for semiconductor or display element. It is requested higher velocity and more precise accuracy for higher productivity and measuring performance. The position accuracy of general stage is primarily affected by the geometric errors caused by parasitic motion of stage, misalignments such as perpendicular error, and thermal expansion of structure. In the case of scanning type stage, H type frame is usually used as base stage which is driven by two actuators such as linear motor. In the point view of scanning process, the stage is used in moving motion. Therefore, dynamic variation is added as significant position error source with other parasitic motion error. Because the scanning axis is driven by two actuators with two position detectors, 2 dimensional position errors have different characteristic compared to general tacked type XY stage. In this study 2D position error of scanning stage is analyzed by 1D heterodyne interferometer calibrator, which can measure 1D linear position error, straightness error, yaw error and pitch error, and perpendicular error. The 2D position error is evaluated by diagonal measurement (ISO230-6). The yaw error and perpendicular error are compensated on the base stage of scanning axis. And, the horizontal straightness error is compensated by cross axis compensation. And, dynamic motion error in scanning motion is analyzed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.282-282
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to prepare the nifedipine dry elixir (NDE) and coated nifedipine dry elixir (CNDE) containing nifedipine ethanol solution for improving the dissolution rate and bioavailability of nifedipine. NDE containing nifedipine and ethanol in wall materials of dextrin was prepared using a spray-dryer and then NDE was coated with eudragit acrylic resin to make CNDE. Shape and size of the NDE and CNDE were monitored by scanning electron micrograph and laser particle size analyzer In vitro dissolution tests were performed in simulated gastric and intestinal fluid. Bioavailability of NDE and CNDE were compared with drug powder suspension and commercial soft capsule after oral administration of the preparations to rats. NDE and CNDE are spherical in shape. Cross-sectional view of dry elixirs indicates the large inter cavity containing ethanolic drug solution in shell. Geometric mean diameter of NDE and CNDE is about 6.64 and 8.70 $\mu\textrm{m}$, respectively. Drug dissolution rate within first 5 min from NDE increased dramatically irrespective of dissolution medium. However, CNDE showed a particularly retarded dissolution rate in pH 1.2 simulated gastric fluid compared with NDE. The bioavailability of nifedipine in the NDE was increased dramatically compared with drug powder suspension. CNDE reduced initial burst-out plasma peak compared with NDE. CNDE as a sustained release delivery system could reduce the initial burst-out plasma peak due to controlling the release rate of nifedipine from NDE and maintain the effective plasma level over a longer period within therapeutic window with enhanced bioavailability of nifedipine.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.17-23
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• 2012

The steady three-dimensional computational thermal flow analysis using standard k-${\varepsilon}$ turbulence model was carried out to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of a cabin cooler for a commercial vehicle. The heat exchanging method of this cabin cooler is to use the cooling effect of a thermoelectric module. In view of the results so far achieved, the air system resistance of a cabin cooler is about 12.4 Pa as a static pressure, and then the operating point of a cross-flow fan considering in this study is formed in the comparatively low flowrate region. The air temperature difference obtained from the cold part of an thermoelectric module is about $26^{\circ}C$, and the cooling water temperature difference obtained from the hot part of an thermoelectric module is about $3.5^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.45-48
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• 2003

In the research of proteomics, mass spectrometry analysis is the essential method for identification of the unknown proteins. Trypsin treatment for the sample preparation of mass spectrometry is the inevitable procedure[1]. However, sample preparation procedure is cumbersome and time consuming. To resolve these problems, Temperature controllable microreactor was designed and fabricated. It consists of metering chamber, micro channel, reaction chamber, platinum (Pt) thin film heater and a temperature sensor so that micro metering and mixture of reagent with temperature control can be done on the same chip. The total size of the fabricated microreactor was $37{\times}30{\times}1\;mm^3$ and the size of channel cross section was $200{\times}100{\mu}m^2$. PID temperature controller was realized using NI DAQ, PCI-MIO-l6E-1 board and LabVIEW program.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1029-1035
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• 2011

Pressure pulsation of exciting sources that generally occurs on the piping system connected to the discharge of BFP(boiler feed water pump) in power plants causes wave reflection, wave interference, resonance, standing wave and so on. But if the operating speed of the pump is changed, the state of the noise and vibration can be done because characteristics of the exciting source are changed. This paper is to investigate the cause of the noise and vibration occurring on the piping system when the operating speed of BFP is down in accordance with lowering of the power generation. It is approached to two points of view ; Firstly, it is examined whether the pulsation source impacts on the shell mode vibration that vibrates radially across the cross-section of the pipe. But it doesn't affect the shell mode as much as the resonance occurs. Secondly, to find the relation between the pulsation source and the acoustic mode of the piping system, analysis for the piping system by indirect BEM(boundary element method) is carried out. Therefore it is investigated that the mechanism of the noise and vibration relates with acoustic mode of the piping system.