• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.111-122
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• 2020

Objectives: The study aims to compare indirect form of employment with direct form of employment on the variables of occupational danger and physical health. Methods: I studied based on the data of 5th Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS) which was performed by Occupational Safety & Health Research Institute of Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency in 2017. SAS 9.4 was used for statistical analysis of the final data. Results: Based on the verification result, the hazard is higher for direct employment than for dispatch or subcontract in case of exposure to risks in the health and social welfare industry. Based on cross tabulation, significant differences were found in the proportions of harmful and safe tasks in direct employment and those in outsourcing in the physical health industry. It was found that the risk of hazard is 2.18 times higher in outsourcing jobs than in direct employment. Conclusions: It is necessary to consider a dispatch and subcontract partner as a strategic partner and not simply hand over dangerous or hard tasks to them. Active and aggressive cooperation along with support from the employer enterprise built in the contract is necessary for the safety and health of dispatch or subcontract laborers.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.251-276
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• 2014

This study scrutinizes the common sense in the field of disability employment that the bigger the size of a firm, the lower the employment rate of people with disabilities. This common sense has been established by conventional cross-tabulation and multiple regression analyses without taking into account possible interactions between the sizes of firms and the industries in which they operate. This study shows that the distribution of the disability employment rate violates the linearity and homoscedasticity assumptions of the OLS. In an effort to find models that explain the data better, this study fits the OLS model, the weighted linear regression model, and the multinomial logit model as well as the path analysis which is meant to examine the relationships between firm size and other variables relevant to disability employment. The result shows that, when an interaction term between firm size and industry is added to the model, firm size does not have any significant effect on disability employment rate for those firms with 100 or more regular employees, to the contrary of the findings of prior studies. It also demonstrates that other factors such as job setting, the extent of helpfulness of disability employment employers perceive, employers' care for disability, and employers' awareness of disability policies may matter more than does firm size. This study proposes that future research and policy implementation for disability employment should pay no less attention to industry and other factors mentioned above than to firm size.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.99-126
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• 2009

1. Objective TS-QSCD (The Two-Step Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Diagnosis) is one of the self-reporting Sasang-Constitutional diagnosis questionnaires and one constituted by a two-step discriminant function. The process of TS-QSCD is as follows. During the first step, the testers are classified into two groups: the Yangin(陽人) group and Eumin(陰人) group. Following this, the Yangin group is divided into the Soyangin group and Taeyangin group likewise the Eumin group is divided into the Taeumin group and Soeumin group. This questionnaire has the merits of an ordinary questionnaire with four discriminant functions and a decision tree method. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and standardize TS-QSCD 2. Materials and Methods TS-QSCD was administered to 352 random informants who were examined by professionals. Reliability was tested by inter-item consistency using cronbach's ${\alpha}$, and validity was tested by a two step discriminant function. Cross tabulation Analysis was also used to look into the distribution of responses among the groups. 3. Result 1) The reliability of TS-QSCD was relatively valid. The internal consistency of TS-QSCD (AB) was cronbach's ${\alpha}$= 0.815, and TS-QSCD (AC) was cronbach's ${\alpha}$= 0.832. 2) There was a significant difference in points between Eumin group teens and other age groups, between those of Soeumin teens and other age groups. 3) TS-QSCD corresponded with the real Sasang constitution at the rate of 65.0%. When using 61 questions and four discriminant function as with ordinary methods, TS-QSCD corresponded with the real Sasang constitution at the rate of 74.9%. 4. Conclusion 1) TS-QSCD that complements the merits of existing questionnaires is effective in diagnosing Sasang constitutions. 2) Deleting duplicate questions is thought to be one of the reasons for the decreased validity rate. 3) The lower the validity of the first step, the more we should build up at each second steps a way to rescue the groups which were assigned wrongly during the first steps. 4) This standardization of TS-QSCD would be helpful in making a program for diagnosing the Sasang Constitution

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.379-389
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• 2014

This study intended to examine the health status and quality of life among the elderly patients who stayed in geriatric hospitals for a long period of time. The study involved 222 elderly who were older than 65-year-old, an oral examination was conducted in 10 geriatric hospitals located in the metropolitan area and Chungcheong-do. Cross-tabulation, one-way ANOVA, t-test, and Stepwise multiple regression were performed for analysis. The average number of teeth among the subjects was 11.22 and that of dental caries was 1.17. Also, the average number of teeth mobility was 0.93 and halitosis was detected among 81.9%. Only 29.70% reported absence or a kind of systemic disease and 70.31% of the subjects was shown to have more than two kinds of complex disease. In addition, 87.8% of the subjects had depression and among them, 55.40% showed serious depression. The average score on quality of life was 2.62 points and as for the related factors, the number of remaining teeth and dental caries were counted along with care grade, hospitalization period, and age. According to such results, the oral health status among the elderly patients staying long in geriatric hospitals were not good in general; also they showed high level of systemic disease and depression and low quality of life.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.43-52
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• 2012

A lane departure warning system (LDWS) is an effective technology-based countermeasure for preventing traffic crashes as it provides warning information to drivers. Understanding the characteristics of perception and satisfaction levels on LDWS is fundamental for deriving better performance and functionality enhancements of the system. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the user satisfaction of LDWS. A survey to collect user perception and user preference data was conducted. Both cross-tabulation analysis and binary logistic regression technique were adopted to identify the factors affecting user satisfaction for LDWS. The results revealed that the accuracy and timeliness of warning information was significant for evaluating the effectiveness of LDWS. In particular, the warning accuracy at a curve segment on the road was the most dominant factor affecting user satisfaction. The outcome of this study would be valuable in evaluating and designing LDWS functionalities.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.597-606
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• 2014

The preference of general adult on the forest and forest road was surveyed and analyzed for the development of forest therapy program. This study was conducted for the purpose of providing a basis for the development of more targeted-and differentiated-forest therapy program by analyzing the preference of general adult on the forest and forest road from 19 April 2014 to 30 June 2014 through on-line survey. The sample group of 613 adults has been used in practical analysis. Using SPSS 21.0, We looked at the preference differences of the forest and forest road according to the demographic characteristics(sex, age, education level, occupation and monthly income) through descriptive statistics analysis, frequency analysis, cross tabulation analysis, multiple response analysis. The seasonal preference was spring, autumn, any season, summer, winter in order and there was a significant difference according to one's sex, age, occupation and monthly income. There was a significant difference in the configuration of forest according to one's monthly income. The favorite type of forest as a place of forest healing program was natural recreational forest, healing forest, urban forest, park, school forest in order. There was no significant difference in the favorite forest type regarding to the distance to the healing place from one's residence in all cases. There was a significant difference in the type of forest according to one's monthly income. The most favorite configuration of forest road was gentle sloped road. Once walking into the forest for the purpose of healing, the favorite forest road length was 1.5~3 km, less then 1.5 km, more than 3 km in order and there was a significant difference in preference according to one's sex, age, education level and monthly income. We believe that the healing program should be differentiated from the general form of it according to one's sex, age, education level, occupation and monthly income as a result of this investigation of preference of general adult on the forest and forest road for the development of forest therapy program. In particular, we believe that the differentiated program should be offered according to one's age. We expect this analysis to be used as a basis for the development of forest therapy program.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 2022

The aim of this study was to cluster according to the bone age of elementary school students in order to analyze the physique, physical fitness, and skeletal maturation of each cluter group and to provide basic data for the balanced development of elementary school students through data analysis. The subjects of this study were 2243 students aged 8 to 13 years, and the skeletal maturation were calculated by applying them to the TW3 method score conversion table after the X-ray films were taken. A total of 2 components in physique were measured using a stadiometer(Hanebio, Korea, 2021) and the Inbody 270(Biospace, Korea, 2019), and a total of 7 components in physical fitness, which included muscular strength(Hand Grip Strength), balance(Bass Stick Test), agility(Plate Tapping), power(Standing Long Jump), flexibility(Sit&Reach), muscular endurance(Sit-Up), and cardiovascular endurance(Shuttle Run) were measured as well. K-Means clustering method, cross-tabulation analysis, and one-way variable analysis(ANOVA) were conducted for data processing using the SPSS PC/Program(Version 26.0) and Bristics Studio Tool, and it was considered significant at the level of p< .05. The results of this study may be summarized as follow. First, as a result of clustering using three components of skeletal maturation: retarded, normal, and advanced, cluster 1(Retarded) showed excellence in muscular strength, balance, and agility. cluster 2(Normal) showed poor flexibility, whereas cluster 3(Advanced) showed excellence in muscular strength. Second, as a result of analyzing the differences in physique according to the clustering of elementary school students by their individual characteristics, cluster 3(Advanced) showed excellence in height, weight, and body fat percentage. Third, as a result of analyzing the differences in physical fitness according to the clustering of elementary school students by their individual characteristics, cluster 3(Advanced) showed excellence in Hand Grip Strength(Left, Right), whereas cluster 1(Retarded) showed excellence in Bass Stick Test, and cluster 3(Advanced) showed excellence in Standing Long Jump.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.556-566
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was designed to determine the relationship between health behaviors and high levels of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol) according to cardiovascular risk factors among Korean adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on the sixth Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES VI). Participants were 13,841 adults aged 19 years and older. Cardiovascular risk factors were stroke, myocardial infarction or angina, diabetes mellitus, smoking, hypertension, aging, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) under 40 mg/dL and HDL-cholesterol over 60 mg/dL. Cardiovascular risk groups were classified as very high risk (stroke, myocardial infarction or angina), high risk (diabetes mellitus), moderate risk (over 2 risk factors), and low risk (below 1 risk factor). The prevalence of high LDL-cholesterol was calculated using the LDL-cholesterol target level according to cardiovascular risk group. Results: The prevalence of high LDL-cholesterol was 25.5% in males and 21.7% in females. Complex sample cross tabulation demonstrated that the high LDL-cholesterol and normal groups differed significantly according to age, education, body mass index, percentage of energy from carbohydrate, fat, saturated fat and n-6 in males and females. These two groups were also significantly different according to smoking in males and the percentage of energy from n-3 in females. Complex sample multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for multiple confounding factors demonstrated that the probability of high LDL-cholesterol was significantly associated with current smoking (OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.40-1.99), obesity (OR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.64-2.31) in males, and current smoking (OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.19-2.52), obesity (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.39-1.90), percentage of energy from n-3 (quartile 1 vs. quartile 2; OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.62-0.96; quartile 1 vs. quartile 3; OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.56-0.94; quartile 1 vs. quartile 4: OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.51-0.87) in females. Conclusion: This study reveals the impact of smoking, obesity, energy percentage of nutrient intake on LDL-cholesterol.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2011

In this study a survey was conducted with 431 students at the department of dental hygiene in three regions from April 2010 to investigate various actual states and levels of perception of their major commitment. Department-Climate and levels of major commitment were classified and described through cross-tabulation analysis; multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to predict the level of major commitment perceived for department climate and identify its influence. Major commitment classified into three levels about Inferiority, Normality and Superiority. Recognition factor of Major field was divided into external factor, eternal factor. External factor classified into professor, friends, facilities, administration-service and quality of education. As well as, eternal factor was department climate. Eternal factor consisted of relationship dimensions, goal-orientation dimensions, system maintenance dimensions and system change dimensions. This study was conducted to get a phenomenal understanding of students' learning in the major field and their school life. With this study, if friends and professor raise students at the Department of Dental Hygiene's department-climate recognition, their major-commitment will rise. And high major-commitment will be bring about their professional ability.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.103-119
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• 2007

The survey on dental health condition and eating habit of local residents in Daegu and Kyungbuk had been conducted. Through the analysis of influence of dental health condition on eating habit I could get the following result. The number of subjects of survey is 630. The period of survey is from June 2006 to September 2006. 1. General quality of subjects is that forty-four point four percent of subjects are male and fiftyfive pointsix percent are female. The age of thirty point one percent of subjects is between 20 and 29. Fifty-six point two percent of subjects are married. Fifty-one point four percent of subjects have above bachelor degree. Monthly income of forty-four point eight percent of subjects is less than one million won. Twenty-four point four percent of subjects are students. Fifty-five point seven percent of subjects are living in big cities. 2. Forty-seven point seven percent of male and fifty-one point eight percent of female answered their subjective dental health condition is bad. Marital status, age and academic background have relationship with answer. Forty-three point nine percent of married subjects and forty-one point five percent of divorced or bereaved subjects said they have bad dental health condition. The older he is or the lower academic background he has subjects think they have bad dental health condition. Forty-seven point four percent of non-educated subjects answered their dental health condition is bad. Forty-six percent of self-employed subjects and subjects who live in the country have tendency to think their dental health condition is bad. 3. About eating habit knowledge, male's knowledge of 2.03$\pm$0.20 is lower than female's of 2.08$\pm$0.21. This shows there is statistically significant difference(p<0.01). 4. There is significant relationship between subjective dental health condition and health condition of subjective. This means subject who has better health condition has also better dental health condition(37.5%). About subjective dental health condition, subject who eats restoratives has worse dental health condition. This shows there is a relationship between dental health condition and eating restoratives(p=0.004) and subject who works out steadily has better dental condition. 5. About relation between dental health condition and eating habit, subject who eats vegetables has worse dental health condition by fifty point seven percent. As cross tabulation result, p-value is 0.002. In level of significance of 0.05, there is statistically significant difference in eating habit. 6. It seems that eating habit has an effect on marital status, age, academic background, income and also on dental prosthetic treatment situation. Many subjects think their dental health condition is bad. About eating habit, subjects who eat meat have better dental health condition. Subjects who drink green tea and fruit juice has better dental health condition than who drink coffee and Balanced diet is good for dental health condition. As eating habit is important for developing dental health, government should make a proper program. Dental health education program especially for elderly, low-eduacted, residents in the country and poor people should be developed. Government, dental health organization, dental health specialist, associated research institution and people work in the press should be concerned and devote to improve quality of life. Primary prevention education will help for dental health.