• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.605-609
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• 2002

A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the quantitative detection of organophosphorus insecticide cyanophos. An analogue (hapten) of cyanophos was synthesized and was coupled to BSA to produce polyclonal antibodi es from rabbits. The antisera were screened against another hapten coupled to ovalbumin (OVA). Using the sera of highest specificity, an antigen-coated ELISA was developed, which showed an I50 of 310 ng/mL with the detection limit of 20 ng/mL. The antibodies showed negligible cross-reactivities with other organophosphorus pesticides except for parathion-methyl, which makes the assay suitable for the selective detection of cyanophos.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.599-603
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• 2002

A selective enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the insecticide isofenphos was developed. Three different analogues (haptens) of isofenphos were synthesized and were coupled to carrier proteins through the pesticide thiophosphate group t o use as immunogens or coating antigens. Rabbits were immunized with one of the haptens coupled to BSA for production of polyclonal antibodies and the sera were screened against each of the other two haptens coupled to ovalbumin (OVA). Using the sera of highest specificity, an antigen-coated ELISA was developed, which showed an I50 of 96 ng/mL with the detection limit of 2 ng/mL. The antibodies showed negligible cross-reactivity with other organophosphorus pesticides and the phenol metabolite of isofenphos, which makes the developed assay suitable for the selective detection of isofenphos. An antibody-coated ELISA was also developed, which showed an I50 of 580 ng/mL with a detection limit of 70 ng/mL.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.122-127
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• 2005

A DNA chip that rapidly and accurately detects the viral genes in rhabdovirus-infected fish was developed. The N, Ml, and G proteins of three rhabdovirus strains, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), and flounder rhabdovirus (HIRRV), were selected for use as probes. The sequences of the corresponding genes were obtained, and probes were prepared by PCR using specific primer sets. The specificity of the probes was confirmed by cross PCR. The prepared probes were spotted on poly-L-lysine- or aminosilane-coated glass slides and hybridized with target DNA under several different conditions in order to determine the optimal hybridization temperature, glass-slide coating, and target cDNA concentration.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.1399-1426
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• 2002

A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the quantitative detection of the organophosphorus insecticide bromophos. Three bromophos analogues (haptens) were synthesized and were coupled to carrier proteins to use as immunogens or coating antigens. Rabbits were immunized with either one of two haptens coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA) for production of polyclonal antibodies, and the sera were screened against one of the haptens coupled to ovalbumin (OVA). Using the serum with highest specificity and an enzyme tracer, an antibody-coated ELISA was developed, which showed an $IC_{50}$ of 40 ng/mL with a detection limit of 7 ng/mL. The antibodies in this assay showed negligible cross-reactivity with other organophosphorus pesticides except with the insecticides chlorpyrifos and fenitrothion.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.262-266
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• 1999

Dopamine transporter (DAT) plays the most important role in terminating the actions of dopamines released into the synaptic cleft. DAT is also the target of various psychotropic drugs such as cocaine and amphetamine. In this study were prepared DAT-specific antibodies using the 2nd extracellular loop of rat DAT as an antigen. The 2nd extracellular loop of the rat DAT was expressed in bacterial as a fusion protein with glutathione-S-transferase, and injected ito rabbits to raise antibodies. Produced antibodies clearly recognized the rat DAT in ELISA, immunoblotting, and immumoprecipitation. As expected from the high sequence homology between the rat and human DAT, the antibodies raised for the rat DAT cross-reacted with the human DAT in the immunoblotting. Considering the specificity for DAT with wide range of applications such as ELISA, immunoblotting, and immunoprecipitation, these antibodies would be valuable tool for understanding the pharmacological actions of dopamine transporter and drug addition.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.297.1-297.1
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• 2002

Immunoassays are frequently used for an screening method to detect the presence of drugs in Urine. The main advantages of the method are well known -- simplicity of handling samples. rapidity. sensitivity. and specificity of analysis. However. it is also known that immunoassays exhibit cross-reactivity to related drugs and there are only limited specific immunoassays on the market. This study reports on the ability of TDx to detect urine samples obtained from suspects of taking over-the-counter medications and illegal drugs containing ATS. designer drugs. (omitted)

• 식물병연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2021

Xylella fastidiosa is the most damaging pathogen in many parts of the world. To increase diagnostic capability of X. fastidiosa in the field, the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay were developed to mqsA gene of citrate-synthase (XF 1535) X. fastidiosa and evaluated for specificity and sensitivity. Both assays were more robust than current published tests for detection of X. fastidiosa when screened against 16 isolates representing the four major subgroups of the bacterium from a range of host species. No cross reaction with DNA from healthy hosts or other species of bacteria has been observed. The LAMP and PCR assays could detect 10-4 pmol and 100 copies of the gene, respectively. Hydroxynaphthol blue was evaluated as an endpoint detection method for LAMP. There was a significant color shift that signaled the existence of the bacterium when at least 100 copies of the target template were present.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.111-135
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• 2018

As the disputes in the investment and civil/commercial sectors of China and Taiwan have increased due to active cross-strait economic exchanges, the Chinese government is addressing cross-strait disputes through various dispute resolution methods. In recent years, the Arbitration Center Across the Straits (ACAS) has been established to resolve disputes between cross-strait parties, while ACAS Arbitration Rules have been enacted and enforced. ACAS Arbitration Rules are prepared by referring to the Arbitration Act of China and Taiwan, the relevant provisions and practices of the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission (CIETAC) Arbitration Rules and the cross-strait practical affairs of the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission, and the cross-strait practical affairs giving consideration to the specificity of the cross-strait relationship and the characteristics of economic and trade disputes. Therefore, this paper has compared the features and main contents of the ACAS Arbitration Rules with those of the CIETAC Arbitration Rules. This refers to arbitration proceedings such as form and effect of arbitration agreement, decision of place of arbitration, and organization of arbitral tribunal; the provision of consolidation of multiple contracts and arbitration, and the provision of joinder of arbitration parties, which are implementing the "principle of party autonomy" with streamlining arbitration proceedings and reducing costs; "common, simple, and small sum arbitration proceedings which require shorter arbitration proceedings depending on the size of the arbitration object; and regulations on the "interconnection of mediation and conciliation" which is characteristic of China's arbitration system. Based on the above-mentioned main contents of the ACAS Arbitration Rules in China, there are some implications to be considered in the establishment of the Arbitration Rules of the South-North Commercial Arbitration Commission which will be applied to solve commercial and investment disputes arising from the Inter-Korean Economic Cooperation process, suggesting implications such as the need for the rapid composition and operation of the South-North Commercial Arbitration Commission, requirements for selecting arbitrators, expansion of the object of arbitration, specification of concreteness in deciding the place of arbitration, need to create a variety of arbitration proceedings, and application plan of the International Center for Settlement of Investment Dispute (ICSID) or Third Power Arbitration Agency.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.655-664
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was undertaken to identify which delirium screening instrument would be more useful in clinical practice. Methods: Data were collected from 118 nurses from six hospitals in five provinces in Korea. For the delirium screening three instruments were compared: NEECHAM Confusion Scale (NEECHAM), Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC), Delirium Observation Scale (DOS). The MMSE-K was used for concurrent validity. The nurse subjects were surveyed as to the practical clinical value of each instrument. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient and Kuder-Richardson 20 were used to confirm the reliability. Results: The range of three scales reliability was .70~.82 and the range of correlation coefficient was .63~.82 with MMSE-K. For sensitivity of NEECHAM, Nu-DESC and DOS was 1.00, 1.00 and 0.81 respectively and specificity NEECHAM, Nu-DESC and DOS was 0.88, 0.89 and 0.89 respectively. Nurses rated the practical use of the DOS scale as significantly easier to use than the NEECHAM and Nu-DESC. Conclusion: NEECHAM, Nu-DESC and DOS scales were acceptable in terms of reliability, validity, sensitivity and specificity. However, nurses rated the DOS scale as easier scale to use and had more relevance to their practice.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.433-440
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• 2013

Toxocariasis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by larvae of ascarid nematodes of dogs or cats, Toxocara canis or T. cati. Diagnosis of human toxocariasis currently relies on serology that uses T. canis excretory-secretory antigen to detect specific IgG antibodies by ELISA. We investigated the serodiagnostic efficacy of ELISA using crude antigen of T. canis larvae (TCLA). Serum specimens of 64 clinically confirmed toxocariasis, 115 healthy controls, and 119 other tissue-invading helminthiases were screened by ELISA using TCLA. The ELISA using TCLA showed 92.2% (59/64 patient samples) sensitivity and 86.6% (103/119) specificity. Its positive diagnostic predictivity was 78.7% and negative predictivity was 97.8%. No serum of healthy controls reacted but that of anisakiasis (45.5%), gnathostomiasis (19.2%), clonorchiasis (15.8%), sparganosis (11.1%), and cysticercosis (6.3%) cross-reacted. Immunoblot analysis on TCLA recognized antigenic proteins of 28- and 30-kDa bands in their dominant protein quantity and strong blotting reactivity. The present results indicate that the ELISA using our TCLA antigen is acceptable by the sensitivity and specificity for serodiagnosis of human toxocariasis. ELISA with TCLA is recommended to make differential diagnosis for patients with any sign of organ infiltration and eosinophilia.