• Title/Summary/Keyword: cross-specificity

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Evaluation of BreastLight as a Tool for Early Detection of Breast Lesions among Females Attending National Cancer Institute, Cairo University

  • Labib, Nargis Albert;Ghobashi, Maha Mohamed;Moneer, Manar Mohamed;Helal, Maha Hesien;Abdalgaleel, Shaimaa Abdalaleem
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.14 no.8
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    • pp.4647-4650
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    • 2013
  • Background: Breast illumination was suggested as a simple method for breast cancer screening. BreastLight is a simple apparatus for this purpose. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of BreastLight as a screening tool of breast cancer in comparison to mammography and histopathology. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based cross sectional study was conducted in the mammography unit of the radiodiagnosis department at National Cancer Institute, Cairo University. All participants were subjected to breast examination with the BreastLight tool, mammography and ultrasonography. Suspicious cases were biopsied for histopathological examination which is considered as a gold standard. Results: The mean age of the participants was $46.3{\pm}12.4$ years. Breast illumination method had sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and total accuracy of 93.0%, 73.7%, 91.4%, 77.8% and 88.2%, respectively in detection of breast cancer. Conclusions: Breast illumination method with BreastLight apparatus is a promising easy-to-use tool to screen for breast cancer suitable for primary health care physician or at-home use. It needs further evaluation especially in asymptomatic women.

Studies on the Preparation of $T_3-BSA,\;T_4-BSA$ Conjugates, and Radioimmunoassay Use of the Produced Antisera ($T_3-BSA,\;T_4-BSA$ 접합체 제조 및 생성항체의 방사면역측정적 이용 연구)

  • Awh, Ok-Doo;Kim, Jae-Rok
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.45-56
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    • 1980
  • $T_3-BSA\;and\;T_4-BSA$ conjugates were prepared and identified spectrophotometrically. The ${\lambda}max$ of the conjugates was just coincided with that of BSA, but the molar extinction coefficients of the conjugates were generally larger than that of BSA itself. The molar ratios of $T_3:\;BSA\;and\;T_4:\;BSA$ in the prepared conjugates were found to be 9:1 and 5:1, respectively. The titers of the $T_3$ antisera were generally higher (max. $1.5{\times}10^4:1$) than those of $T_3$ (max. $2{\times}10^3:1$), and the average cross reactivity of the $T_3$ antibody with $T_3$ was lower (0.45%) than that of $T_4$ antibody with $T_3(3{\sim}4%)$. The results of the study indicate that the predominant cause of the lower titers and the lower specificity of the $T_4$ antisera comparing with those of $T_3$ is mainly due to the unstability of the $T_4-BSA$ and consequent degradation of the conjugate to $T_3-BSA$ during preparation, purification, and even during immunization. The lower molar ratio of $T_4$ to BSA in the preparation stage is also considered to be a minor factor. By measuring $T_3,\;T_4$ levels in the reference control serum, it has been confirmed that the prepared antisera can sufficiently be utilized, respectively, in the established radioimmunoassay systems.

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Gastric Precancerous Lesions in First Degree Relatives of Patients with Known Gastric Cancer: a Cross-Sectional Prospective Study in Guilan Province, North of Iran

  • Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz;Joukar, Farahnaz;Baghaei, Seyed Mohammad;Yousefi-Mashhoor, Mahmood;Naghipour, Mohammad Reza;Sanaei, Omid;Naghdipour, Misa;Shafighnia, Shora;Atrkar-Roushan, Zahra
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.13 no.5
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    • pp.1779-1782
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    • 2012
  • Background & Objectives: In patients with gastric cancer, the most frequently reported family history of cancer also involves the stomach. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of gastric precancerous lesions in first-degree relatives of patients with gastric cancer and to compare the obtained results with those of individuals with no such family history. Methods: Between 2007 and 2009, 503 consecutive persons more than 30 years old were enrolled in the study covering siblings, parents or children of patients with confirmed adenocarcinoma of stomach. The control group was made up of 592 patients who were synchronously undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for evaluation of dyspepsia without gastric cancer or any family history. All subjects were endoscopically examined. Results: The overall prevalence of Helicobacter pylori was 77.7% in the cancer relatives and in 75.7% in the control group. Chronic gastritis was found in 90.4% vs. 81.1% (P<0.001). Regarding histological findings, 37(7.4%) of the study group had atrophy vs. 12(1.7%) in the control group (P<0.001), while no difference was observed for intestinal metaplasia (20.3%vs. 21.6%, P=0.58). Dysplasia were shown in 4% of cancer relatives but only 0.4% of the control group (P<0.001). There was no gender specificity. Conclusions: Findings of our study point to great importance of screening in relatives of gastric cancer patients in Iran.

Detection of Serum IgE Specific to Mite Allergens by Immuno-PCR

  • Lee, Kyung-Woo;Hur, Byung-Ung;Chua, Kaw-Yan;Kuo, I-Chun;Song, Suk-Yoon;Cha, Sang-Hoon
    • IMMUNE NETWORK
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.82-89
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    • 2008
  • Background: Although a skin test is the primary option for detecting allergen-specific IgE in clinics, the serum IgE immunoassay is also important because it allows for the diagnosis of allergy without any accompanying adverse effect on the patient. However, the low detection limit of IgE levels by immunoassay may restrict the use of the method in some occasions, and improving its sensitivity would thus have a significant implication in allergy-immunology clinics. Methods: In this study, we attempted to detect specific serum IgE by using immuno-polymerase chain reaction (IPCR) which combines the antigen-antibody specificity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) with the amplification power of PCR. Results: Our results demonstrated that Blo t5-specific serum IgE can be detected by IPCR with a 100-fold higher sensitivity than ELISA, and cross-reactivity of serum IgE to other mite allergens is able to be analyzed by using only $0.3{\mu}l$ of serum sample. Use of real-time IPCR seemed to permit more convenient determination of specific serum IgE as well. Conclusion: We believe that IPCR can serve as a valuable tool in determining specific serum IgE, especially when the amount of serum sample is limited.

The Usefulness of Transesophageal Echocardiography During Heart Surgery (개심술을 시행하는 환자에서 경식도 심초음파의 이용)

  • 조규도;김치경
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.30 no.12
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    • pp.1205-1213
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    • 1997
  • This study reviewed useful aspects of the intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography among the patients in whom heart surgery were undertaken between January 1996 and July 1996 at St.Pauls hospital, Medical College of Catholic University, Seoul, Korea. During that period, 61 patients were operated on because of valvular heart disease(25 patients), coronary artery disease(22 patients), congenital heart disease(13 patients), and combined coronary artery disease and valvular heart disease(1 patient). Two patients(1 redo-VSD and 1 valvular heart diease) needed repeated aortic cross clamping and complementary procedures because of incomplete initial procedures. There was no incidence of air embolism. We could observe significant relationship of cardiac output monitoring methods either by thermodilution technique and transesophageal echocardiography by linear regression analysis(p<0.001). We tested myocardial response(percentage of systolic wall thickness, PSWT) with low dose dobutamine challenge to predict post-CABG myocardial perfusion. And the test showed statistically significant resp.onse(sensitivity 76%, specificity 94.7%, positive predictive value 95%, negative predictive value 75%). These results suggest that cardiac surgeon could draw more benefits by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography.

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Discriminatory ability of cervical vertebral maturation stages in predicting attainment of the legal age threshold of 14 years: A pilot study using lateral cephalograms

  • Banda, Thirupathi Reddy;Komuravelli, Anil Kumar;Balla, Sudheer B.;Korrai, Bala Raju;Alluri, Kavya;Kondapaneni, Jayasurya;Abhyankar, Sourab
    • Imaging Science in Dentistry
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    • v.50 no.3
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    • pp.209-216
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    • 2020
  • Purpose: In India, the age of 14 years is the legal age threshold for child labour. Therefore, in suspected instances of child labour, age assessment plays a crucial role in determining whether a violation of the law on the employment of children has occurred. The aim of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to assess the discriminatory ability of stages of cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) in predicting the legal age threshold of 14 years. Materials and Methods: Routinely taken lateral cephalograms from 408 subjects aged 10 to 18 years were evaluated retrospectively using the CVM stages described by Baccetti et al. Descriptive statistics, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and likelihood ratios were calculated for stages 2, 3, and 4 of CVM. Results: Real age increased as the CVM stage gradually increased. The results of 2×2 contingency tables showed that CVM stage 4 produced an accuracy of 71% and 73%, a false positive rate of 7% and 18%, and a post-test probability of 59% and 68% for boys and girls, respectively. Conclusion: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the stages of CVM are of limited use for predicting the attainment of the legal age threshold of 14 years. Future studies should investigate whether combinations of skeletal and dental methods could achieve better accuracy and post-test probability.

Biological and Physicochemical Properties of Canine Parvovirus lated from the Dogs with Diarrhea (설사증 나환견으로 부터 분리한 Canine Parvovirus의 성상에 관한 연구)

  • 최해연;정운선;전무형;박성국;민원기
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.162-183
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    • 1990
  • From 1988 to 1989, 8 strains of canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) were isolated from the fecal specimens from the dogs that were clinically diagnosed as canine parvoviral enteritis in the veterinary hospitals located in the regions of Taejon and Chungbuk province. Studios on biological and physicochemical properties for the isolates were carried out. The results obtained by experiments are summarized as follows. 1. Among 62 fecal samples collected from the dogs with enteric diseases, 24 (38.7%) showed the haemagglutinating activity against porcine erythrocyte, ranging from 16 to 16, 384 of HA titers. 2. When 8 fecal specimens with high HA titer over 1, 000 were inocultated into CRFX cells, intranuclear inclusion bodies were obseverd in all of eight specimens, of w)lick three specimens showed cytoplasmic inclusions concurrently with the intranuclear inclusion bodies. 3. In study on species-specificity of haemagglutinating activity of the isolates, TJ-89-1 and TJ-89-2, it was found that the isolates revealed the highest haemagglutinating activity with porcine erythrocytes, showing the relatively lower haemagglutination titers with the erythrocytes from cat and rabbit. None of erythrocytes from other animals reacted with the isolates. 4. By the cross-haemagglutination inhibition test of the Isolates with reference viruses and sera, the Isolates were evidently identified as the strains of canine parvovirus-2. 5. In Physicochemical property test, it was evident that the isolates were stable in, lipid solvent, pH and heat treatment at $56^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. and contain DNA genome. 6. When seven puppies were inoculated intraorally with the isolate at HA titer of 8, 192, all of the puppies showed the symptoms of anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea and died at the 5th to 10th days post inoculation(pi). The fecal samples from all of the puppies revealed significantly high HA titers afterward the 5th days pi. Body temperature and the number of total leucocytes were slightly increased at the early stage of infection. but extremely decreased at the stage of collapse. HI titers of the sera started to increase at the 2nd to 3rd days pi reaching 512 to 1, 024 at the 4th to 5th day pi.

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Comparative validity of microalbuminuria versus clinical mortality scores to predict pediatric intensive care unit outcomes

  • Nismath, Shifa;Rao, Suchetha S.;Baliga, B.S.;Kulkarni, Vaman;Rao, Gayatri M.
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.63 no.1
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    • pp.20-24
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    • 2020
  • Background: Predicting the prognosis of patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is very important in determining further management and resource allocation. The prognostication of critically ill children can be challenging; hence, accurate methods for predicting outcomes are needed. Purpose: To evaluate the role of microalbuminuria at admission as a prognostic marker in comparison to standard Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) and Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction (PELOD) mortality scores in children admitted to the PICU. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2015 to October 2016. Eighty-four patients aged 1 month to 18 years admitted to the PICU of teaching hospitals for more than 24 hours were enrolled by convenience sampling method. Microalbuminuria was estimated by spot urinary albumin-creatinine ratio. PRISM and PELOD scores were calculated using an online calculator. Outcome measures were PICU length of stay, inotrope usage, multiorgan dysfunction, and survival. ACR was compared with mortality scores for predicting survival. Results: Microalbuminuria was present in 79.8% with a median value of 85 mg/g (interquartile range, 41.5-254 mg/g). A positive correlation was found between albumin-creatinine ratio and PICU length of stay (P=0.013, r=0.271). Albumin-creatinine ratio was significantly associated with organ dysfunction (P=0.004) and need for inotropes (P=0.006). Eight deaths were observed in the PICU. The area under the curve for mortality for albumin-creatinine ratio (0.822) was comparable to that for PRISM (0.928) and PELOD (0.877). Albumin-creatinine ratio >109 mg/g predicted mortality with a sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 63.2%. Conclusion: Microalbuminuria is a good predictor of PICU outcomes comparable with mortality scores.

Rabbit Antibody Raised against Murine Cyclin D3 Protein Overexpressed in Bacterial System

  • Jun, Do-Youn;Kim, Mi-Kyung;Kim, Young-Ho
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.6 no.6
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    • pp.474-481
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    • 1996
  • Since the commercially available rabbit anti-cyclin D3, generated from c-terminal 16 amino acid residues which are common to human and murine cyclin D3, is highly cross-reactive with many other cellular proteins of mouse, a new rabbit polyclonal anti-cyclin D3 has been raised by using murine cyclin D3 protein expressed at a high level in Escherichia coli as the immunogen. To express murine cyclin D3 protein in E. coli, the cyclin D3 cDNA fragment encoding c-terminal 236 amino acid residues obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was inserted into the NcoI/BamHI site of protein expression vector, pET 3d. Molecular mass of the cyclin D3 overexpressed in the presence of IPTG (Isopropyl $\beta$-D-thiogalactopyranoside) was approximately 26 kDa as calculated from the reading frame on the DNA sequence, and the protein was insoluble and mainly localized in the inclusion bodies that could be easily purified from the other cellular soluble proteins. When renaturation was performed following denaturation of the insoluble cyclin D3 protein in the inclusion bodies using guanidine hydrochloride, 4.4 mg of soluble form of cyclin D3 protein was produced from the transformant cultured in 100ml of LB media under the optimum conditions. Four-hundred micrograms of the soluble form of cyclin D3 protein was used for each immunization of a rabbit. When the antiserum obtained 2 weeks after tertiary immunization was applied to Western blot analysis, it was able to detect 33 kDa cyclin D3 protein in both murine lymphoma cell line BW5147.G.1.4 and human Jurkat T cells at 3,000-fold dilution with higher specificity to murine cyclin D3, demonstrating that the new rabbit polyclonal anti-murine cyclin D3 generated against c-terminal 236 amino acid residues more specifically recognizes murine cyclin D3 protein than does the commercially available rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against c-terminal 16 amino acids residues.

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Immunochromatographic Strip Assay for Detection of Cronobacter sakazakii in Pure Culture

  • Song, Xinjie;Shukla, Shruti;Lee, Gibaek;Kim, Myunghee
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.26 no.11
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    • pp.1855-1862
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    • 2016
  • Cronobacter sakazakii (C. sakazakii) is a foodborne pathogen, posing a high risk of disease to infants and immunocompromised individuals. In order to develop a quick, easy, and sensitive assay for detecting C. sakazakii, a rabbit anti-C. sakazakii immunoglobulin G (IgG) was developed using sonicated cell protein from C. sakazakii. The developed anti-C. sakazakii (IgG) was of good quality and purity, as well as species-specific. The developed rabbit anti-C. sakazakii IgG was attached to the surface of a sulforhodamine B-encapsulated liposome to form an immunoliposome. A test strip was then prepared by coating goat anti-rabbit IgG onto the control line and rabbit anti-C. sakazakii IgG onto the test line, respectively, of a plastic-backed nitrocellulose membrane. A purple color signal both on the test line and the control line indicated the presence of C. sakazakii in the sample, whereas purple color only on the control line indicated the absence of C. sakazakii in the sample. This immunochromatographic strip assay could produce results in 15 min with a limit of detection of $10^7CFU/ml$ in C. sakazakii culture. The immunochromatographic strip assay also showed very good specificity without cross-reactivity with other tested Cronobacter species. Based on these results, the developed immunochromatographic strip assay is efficient for the detection of C. sakazakii and has high potential for on-site detection.