• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.264-270
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• 2015

A mock circulatory loop system has been developed to construct a simulator for trainees in cardiopulmonary bypass systems or to simulate a test environment for cardiac-assist devices. This paper proposes a computerized mock circulatory loop system whose node is modularized by using a servo control flow regulator to simulate dynamic change of the hemodynamic status. To observe the effect of time-varying resistance, one with hemodynamic properties, the proposed system replicates the planned cross-sectional areas of the outlet of a ventricular assist device in terms of voltage input of a servo valve. The experiment is performed (1) for steady-input commands of selected area sizes and (2) for dynamic commands such as monotonous increase and decrease, and oscillatory functions of the voltage input, and a computer program based on LabVIEW (National Instruments, Austin, USA) processes every measured data and control command to the servo valve. The results show that the pressure and flow at the target points with respect to time-varying resistance match intuitive estimation: the pressure at the outlet and the pressure drop between both sides of the valve increased and the flow at the outlet decreased for increased resistance.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.503-508
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• 2015

In this work, ceramic coatings were prepared on Al7075 aluminum alloy using microarc oxidation (MAO) process in a silicate-fluoride based electrolyte solution. The effect of $OH^-$ concentration, by adding NaOH to the solution on the microstructural and mechanical properties of the coating was investigated. Surface morphology and cross sectional view of the coating was analyzed using SEM while XRD was used to examine the phase compositions of the coatings. From XRD ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ phase was found to be increased by adding NaOH to the electrolyte. Thereby, the hardness and the wear properties of the MAO coatings were found to be superior to those of the coatings prepared without NaOH addition or with amount maximum than 2 g/l NaOH. Moreover, the morphology of the coatings was transformed form nodule-based cluster to crater based structure with the addition of NaOH to the MAO electrolyte solution.

• Journal of Korean Vacuum Science & Technology
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.107-117
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• 1998

Epitaxial undoped and Sb-doped si films have been grown on Si(001) substrates at temperatures T between 80 and 750$^{\circ}C$ using energetic Si in ultra-high-vacuum Kr+-ion-beam sputter deposition(IBSD). Critical epitaxial thicknesses te, The average thickness of epitaxial layers, in undoped films were found to range from 8nm at Ts=80$^{\circ}C$ to > 1.2 ${\mu}$m at Ts=300$^{\circ}C$ while Sb incorporation probabilities $\sigma$sb varied from unity at Ts 550$^{\circ}C$ to 0.1 at 750$^{\circ}C$. These te and $\sigma$Sb values are approximately one and one-to-three orders of magnitude, respectively, higher than reported results achieved with molecular-beam epitaxy. Plan-view and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution x-ray diffraction, channeling and axial angular-yield profiles by Rutherford back scattering spectroscopy for epitaxial Si1-x Gex(001) alloy films (0.15$\leq$x$\leq$0.30) demonstrated that the films are of extremely high crystalline quality. critical layer thicknesses hc the film thickness where strain relaxation starts, I these alloys wre found to increase rapidly with decreasing growth temperature. For Si0.70 Ge0.30, hc ranged from 35nm at Ts=550$^{\circ}C$ to 650nm at 350$^{\circ}C$ compared to an equilibrium value of 8nm.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권9호
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• pp.165-176
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• 2021

The paper has used the Solow-Swan growth model to analyze the long-term impact of credit market development and stock market development on economic growth in Asia from 2000 to 2019. The empirical model is performed with panel cointegration analysis by Common Correlated Effects (CCE) method with cross-sectional dependencies. The results find that there exists a cointegration relationship among stock market, credit market development, and economic growth. These results also show that financial structure improves the exact impact of financial development on economic growth, namely the opposite effect of stock market development and credit market development. Moreover, the Granger causality test reveals a bi-directional relationship between credit market development and economic growth, while only unidirectional causality from stock market development to economic growth for the whole group panel. And it is different for a specific country, according to Kónya's test. The view of the new structuralism does not apply in the Asian financial system when we estimate the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (NARDL) to analyze the asymmetric relationship between financial structure and economic growth. On the whole, policymakers can draw on the findings to provide policy implications to improve their country's financial system as well as pursue the goal of sustainable economic growth.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2021

This study was a cross-sectional descriptive investigative study to analyze the effects of sub-factors of cognitive emotional control on life goals. The subjects of the study were 184 people in their 20s, and they were collected online from December 2020 to January 5, 2021 using structured cognitive control capabilities and life goal questionnaires. The collected data were performed using SPSS 18.0 for Frequency, Independent Sample t-test, Pearson correction analysis, Simple regression analysis, and Multiple regression analysis. According to the study, men had both life-oriented and achievement-oriented life goals higher than women. Among the sub-factors of cognitive emotional control (positive focus change, positive reassessment, expansion of view, re-accept plan, acceptance, rumination, self-criticism, others criticism, and destruction) were male and female were higher in self-criticism. Factors affecting life-oriented life goals have been shown to be expanding views, re-accepting plans, and criticizing others, while positive re-evaluation negatively affects achievement-oriented life goals. Based on these results, life-oriented life-goals tend to exhibit adaptive responses to expand views and revise plans and maladaptive responses to blame others, while achievement-oriented life-goals have the ability to positively reassess situations, modify plans and accept negative reactions.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.441-447
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• 2023

One of the suprahyoid muscles is the digastric muscle which comprises anterior and posterior bellies joined by an intermediate tendon. Because of its close relationship with the submandibular gland, lymph nodes, and chief vessels of the neck, detailed knowledge about the morphometry of the digastric muscle is essential. The objective of the current cross-sectional evaluative study is to record morphometry along with the digastric muscle's origin, insertion, and variability. Forty human cadavers (25 males and 15 females) were dissected, and the head and neck regions were studied in detail. The attachment of the digastric muscle anterior belly to the digastric fossa of the mandible was noted, and the distal attachment of the posterior belly to the mastoid notch was traced. The length of the anterior belly from the digastric fossa to its intermediate tendon and the length of the posterior belly from the intermediate tendon to its mastoid attachment were measured. There is a fair correlation between the length of the neck and the length of the anterior and posterior belly. The study also identified two cases of bilateral accessory bellies of the anterior belly of the digastric. Normal morphometric data is provided by this study on details of the digastric muscle. It is significant from a clinical and surgical point of view as the muscle lies in proximity to the important structures of the neck.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.56-65
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• 1994

Total quality management has been a focus of concern in recent years since some dissatisfaction with the results from implementation of quality assurance programs in the U.S. Many managerial methodologies and innovation guidelines from academic disciplines have been applied to promote TQM programs in the health field. This paper consists of two folds of aspects: firstly to examine TQM's managerial philosophy by comparing with the newly introduced managerial concepts in Business Reengineering; and then to introduce a method for an integrative way of process analysis, Entity Life-Cycle Diagram (ELCD) modeling. The analysis method was compared with Process Map, which is a well-known method for BR applications. To show effectiveness of ELCD modeling, a case of application was introduced using 'drug' as a target entity. With having TQM issues in mind, the result was reflected in designing Entity Relation Diagrams. The results of ELCD modeling turn out to be helpful in designing database related to quality monitoring, in that many monitoring check points can be identified in a systematic way and that queries cross-sectional over organizational boundaries can be generated with a consistent view focusing on the drug use as a single process. Full evaluation of the analysis method remains to be studied until the completion of the information system under construction. But as long as TQM is based on a process-oriented view and needs supports from information system, ELCD can be one of the appropriate choice as a tool for the process analysis.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2011

목적: ACOVE project에서는 말기 치료의 질 평가를 위한 임상질지표를 개발하였다. 그러나 말기 치료에 대하여 의료전문가들의 의견을 반영하여 만든 임상질지표와 보호자들의 의견은 실제로 다를 수 있다. 따라서 호스피스 치료 질에 대한 보호자들의 인식 정도를 파악하기 위해 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 2009년 7월부터 10월까지 총 4개월간 경북대학교 병원과 대구 보훈병원의 호스피스 병동에 입원해 있는 환자의 보호자를 대상으로 익명의 횡단면 질문지 조사(cross-sectional anonymous questionnaire)를 시행하였다. 총 120명을 선정하고 이 중 모든 질문에 성실히 답한 69명을 최종대상자로 하였다. 통계분석은 SPSS WIN ver. 14.0을 이용하여 independent t-test와 Pearson's chi-square test를 시행하였다. 결과: 좋은 임상질지표 중 가장 동의율이 높은 항목은 '완화의학 팀이나 완화의학 전문가에 의한 의학적 진찰'과 '가족들이 지켜보는 앞에서의 임종' 이었으며 이 항목들은 88.4%의 보호자가 동의하였다. 반면에 낮은 동의율을 보인 항목은 '환자와 심폐소생술에 대해 논하는 것' 으로 15.9%가 동의하였다. 나쁜 임상질지표 중 동의율이 높은 항목은 '낙상이나 욕창이 발생하는 것은 바람직하지 않다' 라는 항목이었으며 94.2%의 보호자가 동의하였고 가장 낮은 동의율을 보인 것으로는 '병원에서 임종하시는 것은 바람직하지 않다'라는 항목으로 11.6%가 동의하였다. 그리고 동의를 많이 한 그룹일수록 여자의 비율, 환자가 자신의 예후를 인지한 비율, 경제 수준이 높은 사람의 비율이 높았다. 결론: 본 연구에서는 이전 여러 연구에서 임상질지표로 권유되어진 항목들에 대한 보호자들의 동의율이 낮은 항목들이 있었으며 일부 항목들의 동의율과 보호자들의 특성이 관련이 있었다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.125-130
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• 2008

소형 전기로 및 이동장치가 있는 시뮬레이터를 사용하여 로타리킬른에서 생산되는 인공경량골재의 물성을 예측 할 수 있다면 대규모 로타리 킬른을 사용하여 인공경량골재 시제품 생산할 때 필요한 물자와 시간을 대폭 절감할 수 있다. 본 실험에서는 생산될 인공경량 골재의 물성을 정확히 예측할 수 있는 시뮬레이터를 제작하여 실제 로타리 킬른에서 생산된 골재의 물성과 비교함으로써 그 유용성을 검토하고자 하였다. 골재의 물성을 예측하기 위해서 8 mm 크기의 에코 인공경량 골재를 사용하였고 시뮬레이터의 분위기를 탄소를 이용해 조절하였다. 시뮬레이터와 로타리킬른에서 소성된 골재의 비중, 흡수율, 골재의 단면의 면적을 측정하고 비교하였다. 산화 분위기와 달리 환원분위기에서 소성된 시편은 탄소량이 증가할수록 비중이 증가하였으며 흡수율은 탄소 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 소성분위기는 환원 분위기 조성을 위해 탄소분말 0.7g을 첨가하였을 때 로라리 킬른과 가장 흡사한 분위기가 형성되는 것으로 판단되며, 두 골재의 물성 역시 비슷하였다.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.27-39
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• 2008

본 연구는 낙동강과 그 지류인 금호강에 형성된 호소성 습지의 형성과정을 밝히고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 세 시기의 지형도를 비교 분석하고 단면도를 작성하였으며, 퇴적물의 입경분포를 분석하였다. 그 결과 호소성 습지의 형성 과정을 3가지로 유형화하였다. 첫째, 샛강습지와 금강늪은 망류하천을 이루고 있는 구간에서 분류하여 흐르는 유로의 자유로운 이동 과정에서 남아 형성된 잔적호 습지이다. 둘째, 씩실늪과 낫늪은 배후산지에서 흘러나온 지류가 자연제방의 방해로 유로가 차단되어 자연제방과 평행하게 흘러 본류로 유입되는 yazoo형 습지이다. 셋째, 세천늪과 호촌늪, 진촌늪은 본류 하천의 범람으로 자연제방과 배후습지가 형성된 이후에 다음 홍수시 범람하는 본류 하천이 습지로 유입되어 형성된 범람 유입수형 습지이다.