• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7635-7638
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• 2013

Background: Sperm-associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) has been recently proposed as a novel biomarker for early diagnosis of several human tumors, including ovarian, cervical and breast cancers. Its clinical value remains to be clarified for endometrial cancer (EC). In this study, we investigated the utility of serum SPAG9 levels in diagnosis of EC and its association with important clinicopathological parameters. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed at a tertiary women's referral center in Ankara, Turkey. Preoperative serum samples were collected from patients surgically treated for endometrial cancer between June 2012-April 2013. Similar aged women with a biopsy proven benign endometrium were used as controls. Serum SPAG9 levels were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and assessed for links with clinicopathological factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess power of SPAG9 levels for EC prediction. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 63 women with EC and 27 with benign endometrium were included in the study. Mean age in the EC group was $58.7{\pm}1.1$. Median SPAG9 levels in the EC and control groups were 18.3 (range, 12.7-53.8) and 14.1 (range, 4.3-65.3), respectively (p<0.001). A cut-off value of 17 ng/ml for SPAG9 predicted presence of malignant endometrium with 74% sensitivity and 83% specificity [Area under curve (AUC)=0.82, p<0.001]. SPAG9 levels did not demonstrate any significant association with histological type, FIGO stage, tumor grade, size, myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space invasion, cervical involvement, adnexal involvement, peritoneal cytology or lymph node status (all p>0.05). Conclusions: Testing for SPAG9 may be useful for early detection of EC in asymptomatic high-risk women. Its role in post-treatment follow-up and early detection of recurrence should be assessed in future trials.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.213-221
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• 2001

Because the intake of vitamin A had been consistently found to be low among Koreans, there has been a concern that mild vitamin A deficiency might be prevalent in the population. However, the inaccuracy of vitamin A database has long been suspected database for the nutrient. This study was performed to assess the vitamin A and E status in 208 adults over 20 years of age living in a rural area of Korea. Newly modified database for vitamin A and E was used to estimate the dietary intake of the subjects in this study. A cross sectional survey of dietary intake with 24-hour recall method was conducted. Serum retinol and $\alpha$-tocopherol levels of the subjects were analyzed in fasting samples using HPLC. For vitamin A, mean levels of dietary intake and percent of RDA were 620.3$\pm$1087RE/day and 88.6$\pm$155.4%, respectively, which were considerably higher than the levels reported in 1995 Korean national Nutrition survey(470.1RE/day and 67.2%, respectively). For vitamin E, the levels were 9.74$\pm$6.30mg/day and 97.4$\pm$63.0%, respectively. Mean concentration of serum retinol was 83.1$\pm$30.1$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl and none of the subjects was below 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl, or deficient level. Mean serum retinol in men, 99.8$\pm$30.4$\mu$g/dl, was significantly higher than in women, 70.7$\pm$23.4$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl (p<0.01). Mean concentration of serum $\alpha$-tocopherol was 1.17$\pm$0.52mg/dl and that of one subject was below 0.5mg/dl, or deficient level. Serum $\alpha$-tocopherol levels of the old subjects were higher than the younger subjects in both sexes(p<0.05). These data suggest that contrary to the previous reports about low intake of vitamin a, intake and serum levels of vitamin A among the subjects are not low. Also, in this study, intake and serum levels of vitamin E are not low, either. (Korean J Nutrition 34(2) : 213~221, 2001)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.336-348
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• 1997

The objectives of this study were to examine the growth pattern of infants by anthropometric measurement according to the 5 feeding practices of infants with the subject of two hundred healthy newborn babies from their birth till sixty month of age at intervals of two months. Breast group(BF, n=38), formula group(FF, n=102) and mixed group(ME, n=14) were fed breast milk, formula milk, breast and formula milk, from birth till 6 mo. of age, respectively. Convert 1 group (C1F, n=14) and covert 2 group(CF, n=32) were fed breast milk and mixed milk at 2 mo. of age afterthat switched to formula milk, respectively. From these, the following results were made. All the infants of this study showed superiority to Korean standard growth rate in regards to each growth item for each month age. In the case of males, at their birth, the subscapular skinfold thickness and the total skin fold thickness in the BF group was significantly larger than in MF group and FF group(p<0.05). At 6th month age, the chese circumference of MF group was 45.9cm, and significantly larger than those of BF, FF and C2F groups(p<0.05). In the case of females, at theri birth and 2nd month age, there was no difference among all the feeding groups in regards to each growth rate. At 4th month age, the Kauf index of C1F group was 16.21 and significantly lower than those of four groups(p<0.05). And total skinfold thickness in BF group was larger than in C1F group. The increase rate per month age of all growth items were larger at 2nd month age than at the later months both in males and in females. And until 2nd month age males showed more increase than females in regards to each growth item but after 2nd month age, this sapect did not show up. Multiple linear regression was used to determine predictive factors for infant growth. It was expected that at 6th month age, in the measurement of head circumference and chest circumference and cross-sectional fat area, BF-males were bigger by 22-39% of the explanation index than the infants of other groups. As a result, in spite of the significant lower intakes of energy and nutrients in breast-fed infants than in formula-fed infants, breast-fed infants showed more growth than the average of Korean infant standard growth rate at every month age, and showed no significant growth difference among feeding groups.

• 지적과 국토정보
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.143-160
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• 2017

공시지가 제도가 도입된 이후, 부동산정책에 대한 제반 행정의 기준으로 기능해 왔다. 그러나 최근 공시지가의 적정성에 대한 문제가 제기되고 있다. 토지특성항목이 너무 많아 통계모형 수립이 어렵고, 지역적 경제적 환경이나 개발계획 등이 지가평가모형에 반영되기 어렵기 때문이었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 분석 모형으로 시계열적인, 횡단면적인 변수들을 고려하여 패널 모형 중에서 이원오차성분 모형을 적용하였다. 분석 모형에 토지특성변수, 거시경제변수, 개발사업을 반영하는 변수를 포함시켰다. 분석 지역으로는 파주 LCD 산업단지를 선정한 후, 실증분석을 수행하였다. 분석 결과 토지특성변수들 중에서 14개(31%) 변수만이 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 거시경제적 변동성은 지가에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 개발사업을 반영하는 연도변수는 산업단지 지정 이후 지속적으로 유의한 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과들은 지가평가모형을 개선할 때 토지특성항목들은 단순화하고, 거시 경제 변수들과 지역 경제 변수들은 모형에 포함시켜야 한다는 것을 의미한다고 하겠다.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2011

비파괴 검사방법 중 자기누설 방법을 이용한 비파괴 검사방법은 높은 자기 투자율을 갖고 있는 배관 검사에 적합하다. 자기누설 방식이 적용된 시스템을 MFL PIG라고 하는데 이전 MFL PIG는 금속 손실이나 부식과 같은 결함을 검출하는 데 높은 성능을 보인다. 하지만 MFL PIG는 배관 내 외부의 압력차에 의해 발생하는 크랙을 검출하는데 어려움이 있다. 크랙은 매우 가늘고 길게 발생하기 때문에 축방향으로 자기장을 형성하는 기존의 MFL PIG에서는 자기장이 통과하는 크랙의 단면적이 변화가 거의 없게 된다. 크랙은 배관에서 빈번히 발생하는 결함으로 사고의 위험은 금속 손실이나 부식에 의한 것보다 훨씬 크다. 그러므로 크랙을 검출하기 위한 새로운 PIG가 연구 개발 될 필요가 있다. CMFL PIG는 자기장을 원주방향으로 형성하여 크랙에서의 자기 누설을 최대화할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 3차원 비선형 유한요소해석법을 이용하여 CMFL PIG를 설계하고 자기장 분포를 분석하였다. CMFL PIG를 이용하여 NACE의 표준인 크랙을 검출할 수 있고 크랙의 형상을 추정하기 위해 많은 종류의 크랙에 대해 자기장의 누설을 분석하고 신호 처리를 통해 형상 추정을 하였다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.235-246
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to evaluate nurses' perception of clinical nutrition services. A cross-sectional survey design was performed. The research was accomplished by using questionnaires developed for this study and administered from September 12 to December 31, 2013 to 343 nurses at 43 tertiary hospitals and 20 general hospitals. The percentage of nurses who recognized clinical nutrition certificate as issued from nation was 27.8%. The mean scores of perceived usefulness on clinical nutrition services was 4.23/5.00, whereas that of perceived implementation was 3.76/5.00. The mean scores of necessity of disease-specialized clinical dietitian at capital hospitals were significantly higher for obesity (P<0.01), cancer (P<0.05), and infant & childhood disease (P<0.01) than at local hospitals. The rates of nurses' experience in group education on cancer at capital hospitals (21.7%) was significantly higher than that at local hospitals (10.3%) (P<0.05). The mean scores of perceived importance of clinical nutrition services were 4.46/5.00 for 'group nutrition education', 4.46/5.00 for 'individual consultation', and 4.40/5.00 for 'nutrition management for enteral nutrition (EN) patients'. The most common reason why clinical nutrition services are important was 'improving malnutritional status'. To activate clinical nutrition services especially at local hospitals, clinical dietitians should give systematic assistance to patients and also institutional supports are needed.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.365-373
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• 2016

강섬유 보강 초고성능콘크리트(SUPER Concrete)는 일반 콘크리트에 비해 높은 압축강도와 인장강도를 지닌다. 이러한 특성으로 SUPER Concrete로 제작된 부재는 단면을 크게 줄일 수 있고, 확대머리철근의 정착강도가 향상될 것으로 기대된다. 이 연구에서는 120 MPa, 180 MPa SUPER Concrete로 제작된 외부 보-기둥 접합부에 $4d_b$, $6d_b$의 정착길이를 갖는 확대머리철근의 정착 성능을 평가하였다. 모든 실험체에서 600 MPa 이상의 실제 항복강도가 발현된 후 일부 실험체에서 측면파열파괴가 발생되었다. 확대머리철근의 정착강도가 매우 높아 철근이 파단되는 경우도 있었다. 설계기준강도 120 MPa 이상 SUPER Concrete에 정착된 확대머리철근은 $4d_b$의 짧은 정착길이로 콘크리트구조기준에서 허용하는 철근의 최대 설계기준강도 600 MPa를 발현할 수 있는 것으로 평가되었다. 기존에 개발된 일반 콘크리트에 정착된 확대머리철근의 측면파열파괴강도 평가식과 현행 콘크리트구조 기준의 확대머리철근 정착길이 설계식은 실험값을 과소평가하였다. 일반콘크리트에서 개발된 평가식은 SUPER Concrete의 높은 인장강도 특성을 반영하지 못하기 때문으로 분석된다. 확대머리철근 정착강도를 $(f_{ck})^{\alpha}$에 비례한다고 가정하고 실험결과를 회귀분석하여, SUPER Concrete 압축강도의 0.14승에 비례하는 정착강도 평가식이 개발되었다. 40개 실험 자료에 대한 [실험값]/[예측 값]의 평균은 1.01, 변동계수는 5%였다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.411-420
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• 2007

본 연구는 반복 수평 하중을 받는 외부 보-기둥 접합부에서 작은 헤드를 사용한 headed bar의 사용성을 검증하기 위해 $90^{\circ}$ 표준갈고리로 정착한 실험체와 headed bar로 정착한 접합부 실험체를 제작하여 각각의 실험 결과를 비교하였다. 또한, headed bar 정착 성능에 영향을 주는 헤드 단면적, 단조 및 반복 가력 여부, 헤드와 보강근의 용접 여부등의 headed bar 인발 성능에 관한 영향을 구명하기 위한 인발실험을 병행하였다. 인발실험의 결과, headed bar의 인발강도는 헤드 면적 증가에 따라 증가하였고, 헤드와 보강근의 용접 유무, 가력 조건 (단조하중 및 반복하중)은 실험 결과에 큰 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 외부 보-기둥 접합부 실험의 결과, $90^{\circ}$ 표준갈고리로 정착한 실험체와 headed bar로 정착한 실험체가 초기 균열, 균열의 발생 등 모두 거의 비슷한 양상이었으나, 최종 파괴 시에는 headed bar로 정착된 실험체가 $90^{\circ}$ 표준갈고리로 정착된 실험체에 비해 최대 강도 도달 이후 연성 거동, 연성비 및 변형 성능, 에너지소산 면적 등에서 우수한 거동을 보여주었다. 따라서 ACI 352 위원회의 설계지침을 따라서 제작된 접합부 상세와 동일한 조건으로 표준갈고리 대신 상대적으로 작은 headed bar를 사용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.335-342
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• 2005

This study was undertaken to investigate possibility of the allogenic type I collagen inducing osteoinduction or osteoconduction at critical sized bone defect in the rabbit. Twenty Newzealand white rabbit, weighted from 2.8 kg to 3.5 kg, were used in this study. The skull was exposed and two bony defects were created with diameter of 10 mm. Group I(n=10), the bony defects was grafted from the other side bone. Group II(n=10), the bony defects was grafted by the allogenic type I collagen with bone morphogenic protein(BMP). Group III(n=10), the bony defects was grafted by the allogenic type I collagen only. Group IV(n=10), the bony defects was lefted with no grafts. The grafted bones and allogenic type I collagen were investigated with radiologic densitometry, histologic analysis and immunohistochemistry after 12 weeks. No major difference was observed in the gross finding between Group I, II, III, but dura mater was exposed in bony defect,the Group IV. The radiologic study demonstrated more bony opacity in the Group I, but the other groups did not demonstrate a significant difference. In the histologic study, grafted bone edge was completely consolidated with original bone in group I and new bone ingrew into the grafted allogenic type I collagen(group II, III),but there is no bone regeneration from the original bony edge in the group IV. The percent of the new bone formation by cross-sectional area was considered statistically significant at a p value of less than 0.05(p<0.05). In the immunohistochemistry study about BMP antibodies, the group IV demonstrated osteogenic activity in front of advancing original bone edge, in which the osteoblast stained strongly for BMP antibodies, but other group does not demonstrated any osteoblastic expression. There was no immunologic rejection. In conclusion, this results do not demonstrate that the allogenic type I collagen is useful for bone substitute, but the characters of the collagen, such as pliability, easy-handling, sponge-like structure, are useful in interpositional bone graft substitutes. The further evaluation of long term results about the resorption, immunologic tissue reaction, response of applied tissue growth factor to the allogenic collagen is needed.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.359-366
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• 2013

Background Pedicled transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flaps typically sacrifice the entire muscle. In our experience, the lateral strip of the rectus abdominis muscle can be spared in an attempt to maintain function and reduce morbidity. When the intercostal nerves are injured, muscle atrophy appears with time. The severed intercostal nerve was reinserted into the remnant lateral strip of the rectus abdominis muscle to reduce muscle atrophy. Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed 9 neurotized cases and 10 non-neurotized cases. Abdominal computed tomography was performed to determine the area of the rectus muscles. Electromyography (EMG) was performed to check contractile function of the remnant muscle. A single investigator measured the mean areas of randomly selected locations (second lumbar spine) using ImageJ software in a series of 10 cross-sectional slices. We compared the Hounsfield unit (HU) pre- and postoperatively to evaluate regeneration quality. Results In the neurotization group, 7 of 9 cases maintained the mass of remnant muscle. However, in the non-neurotization group, 8 of 10 lost their mass. The number of totally atrophied muscles in each of the two groups was significantly different (P=0.027). All of the remnant muscles showed contractile function on EMG. The 9 remaining remnant rectus abdominis muscles showed declined the HU value after surgery but also within a normal range of muscle. Conclusions Neurotization was found to be effective in maintaining the mass of remnant muscle. Neurotized remnant muscle had contractile function on EMG and no fatty degeneration by HU value.