• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.259-262
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• 1992

This study was performed to investigate experimental transmission of Cryptosporidium parvum in a calf. A 25-day-old Korean native calf was inoculated per os with $1{\times}10^6$ C. parvum oocysts isolated from a Korean mouse. The calf commenced oocyst discharge in feces on post-inoculation day 4, and continued until the aah 11. The number of discharged oocysts Peaked($4.9{\times}10^5$) on post-inoculation day 6. However, the calf did not show signs of diarrhea. The present results indicate that C. parvum is cross-transmissible between the calf and the mouse.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.124-130
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• 1996

A survey was conducted to determine the prevalance of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) on fish farms in Korea and the epidemiology of IPNV infection in the farmed rainbow trout. In total, 43 pools of rainbow trout with apparent signs of viral infection from five provinces were obtained and analyzed. Evident cytopathic effects, including karyopycnosis and cell destruction, were observed in CHSE (chinook samlmon embyro)-214 cells infected with the virus isolates. Of these, ten viral isolates were assumed to be IPNV based on biophysical properties. RNA analysis revealed that the isolates contained two-segmented RNA genomes, further indicating that the viral isolates are IPNV. Antigenic comparison of the IPNV isolates identified three distinct serological groups separable by the cross-neutralization test. Of the ten IPNV isolates, six could be classified as strain DRT, two as strain Ab, and two as strain VR299. We were not able to isolate new strain of IPNV or any isolate serologically similar to the standard strain Sp.poraceae and families of the Agaricales, they are genetically more related to the Polyporaceae. These results are consistent with morphological characters observed in those mushrooms. However, it is premature to conclude taxonomic status Ganoderma species in the present study employing small sample size.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.552-557
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• 2004

The air ventilation system of operation rooms has been studied for the prevention of cross infection during the operation. Operation rooms and air ventilation systems of three University hospitals are investigated. The distribution of microbe is measured by cultivating air samples in the operation room. A two-dimensional model for the cross-section of an operation room is developed for the CFD analysis. The characteristics of air flow in operation room are calculated by using a CFD program. The current air ventilation system of an old hospital does not deliver the clean air to the operation area efficiently. A new air ventilation method which improves air venting with little increase of the cost of equipment is suggested.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.326-330
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• 1994

The treatment of pseudomonal infection is a perplexed problem because of its modest susceptibility to most of the major antibiotics. A novel Pseudomonas vaccine(CFC-101) was prepared from the outer membrane protein fractions of several Pseudomonas strains. In this study, we examined CFC-101's effectiveness in both active and passive immunization models. CFC-101 in mice at 0.2 mg/kg, i.p., given three times at two-day intervals, completely prevented the death caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibody titer, in accordance with the protective effect in this active immunization, was elevated to its peak level following three consecutive administrations of CFC-101. Thereafter, antibody titer stayed at a constantly high level. Each outer membrane protein fraction from the four CFC-101 producers, exhibited good cross-protective effects in mouse infection models against different Fisher types of P. aeruginosa. In the passive immunization model, 21~336 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg of anti-rabbit IgG to CFC-101, when mice being infected with a challenge strain, prevented the Pseudomonhas-induced death up to 60%. Therefore, the preventive effect of CFC-101 was verified in both the active and passive immunization models.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.18-30
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• 2022

Purpose: Purpose: This study aimed to identify whether infection control practice would correlate significantly with the knowledge and attitude of infection control in the pre-, mid-, and postvisiting rounds among community-visiting nurses. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted based on the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) model by administrating questionnaires during September-October 2020. A total of 65 nurses working for 15 community health centers in Seoul, South Korea were included. The questionnaires were developed based on the epidemiologic triangle model and comprised of 28 items on practice, 18 items on knowledge, and 10 items on attitude. Results: The infection control practice showed a mean of 88.9 (range, 0-100). The infection control knowledge had 89.2% on the host domain, 80.0% on the environment domain, and 74.8% on the agent domain (range, 0-100). The infection control attitude showed a mean of 39.5 (range, 0-50). Higher scores on the infection control practice are significantly correlated with the higher scores on the infection control knowledge about the host domain (p= .004) at the pre-, mid-, and post-visiting rounds. Higher scores on the infection control practice are significantly correlated with the higher scores on the infection control attitude at the mid- (p= .018) and postvisiting rounds (p= .028). Conclusions: The infection control practice by community-visiting nurses may be enhanced with increased knowledge and attitude levels of infection control at the mid- and post-visiting rounds. The enhancement should be included in the on-the-job education for community-visiting nurses.

• Journal of Korean Dental Hygiene Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2023

Background: The purpose of the study was to investigate the level of infection control and prevention awareness among dental practitioners in Korea based on the infection control and prevention guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States. Methods: A survey was created on 'Standard and Education on CDC Infection Control Standards', 'Matters related to CDC Infection Control Prevention', and 'Characteristics of Research Subjects and Infection Control Characteristics' based on the CDC Dental Infection Control List.' A total of 222 surveys were conducted and used for frequency and cross-tabulation analyses. Results: Most research participants worked at university or general hospitals, and 93.7% had received infection prevention education within the past year. The average awareness of the CDC dental infection control standards and education was 77.2 %, which was higher than previous research results. Preventive awareness was 71.5% on average, and there was a statistically significant difference in preventive awareness between the certified and non-certified evaluation groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: The participants of this study showed a higher awareness of infection control standards, education, and prevention than those in previous studies. However, this was insufficient compared with the CDC dental infection control standard prevention guidelines. Therefore, government agencies and related organizations must establish systematic infection control systems.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.412-418
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• 2006

Objective : The safety of titanium metal cages in tuberculous spondylitis has not been investigated. We evaluated the outcome and complications of titanium mesh cages for reconstruction after thoracolumbar vertebrectomy in the tuberculous spondylitis. Methods : There were 17 patients with 18 operations on the tuberculous spondylitis in this study. Sixteen patients were operated with anterior corpectomy and reconstruction with titanium mesh cage followed by posterior transpedicular screw fixations on same day, two pateints were operated by either anterior or posterior approach only. After the affected vertebral body resection and pus drainage from the psoas muscle, titanium mesh cage, filled with morselized autogenous bone, was inserted. All the patients had antituberculosis medication for 18 months. The degree of kyphosis correction and the subsidence of cage were measured in the 15 patients available at a minimum of 2 years. Outcome was assessed with various cross-sectional outcome measures. Recurrent infection was identified by serial ESR[Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate] and CRP[Cross Reactive Protein]. Results : There was no complication from the use of a titanium mesh cage. Recurrent infection was not detected in any case. Average preoperative of $9.2^{\circ}$ was reduced to $-2^{\circ}$ at immediate postoperative period, and on final follow up period kyphotic angle was measured to be $4.5^{\circ}$. Postoperatively, subsidence was detected in most patients especially at ambulation period, however further subsidence was prevented by the titanium mesh cage. Osseous union was identified in all cases at the final follow-up. Conclusion : The cylindrical mesh cage is a successful instrument in restoring and maintaining sagittal plane alignment without infection recurrence after vertebrectomy for tuberculous spondylitis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.265-273
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• 2009

A cross-sectional survey was undertaken to identify risk factors and clinical signs associated with parasitic helminth infections of cattle in Mymensignh district of Bangladesh. A nonrandom convenience sampling method was used to select 138 animals from 40 farmers/herds. The eggs per gram of faeces (epg) for nematodes and trematodes were determined by McMaster and Stoll's methods respectively. Animal-level and herd-level data were recorded by means of a questionnaire. Multi-collinearity amongst explanatory variables were assessed using $2{\times}2{\times}\;X^2$ test and one variable in a pair was dropped if $P{\leq}0.05$ formultiple logistic regression models. Association study between outcome and explanatory variables was conducted using classification tree, random forests and multiple logistic regression. A positive epg was considered as infected. Analyses were performed using $STATA^{(R)}$, version 8.0/Intercooled and $R^{(R)}$, Version 2.3.0. Seventy eight percent of the cattle were found to be infected with at least one type of helminth. Twenty four pairs of combinations of explanatory variables showed significant associations. Male animals (OR=3.3, P=.006, 95% CI=1.4, 7.7) were associated with significantly increased prevalence of nematode infection. Female cattle of the study area are mostly cross-breed, kept indoor, fed relatively good diet and not used for draught purpose. Males are used for draught purpose thereby more exposed to nematode infective stage and provided with relatively poor diet. So stressed male cattle may become more susceptible to nematode infection. All of the three statistical techniques selected gender and lumen motility as most important variables in association with nematode infection in cattle. The result of this survey can only be extrapolated to the periurban cattle population of traditional management system.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2021

Helminth infections are prevalent in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). This study aimed at determining the prevalence and risk factors of intestinal helminthiasis in remote mountainous villages of northern Lao PDR. During the dry season in January 2017, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in 3 remote mountainous villages in Oudomxay province, Lao PDR. Villagers older than 18 years of age who agreed to submit stool samples or undergo an interview, were recruited. Stool samples from 198 individuals were examined by the Kato-Katz method, and a questionnaire surveyed 161 individuals among them. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors associated with the intestinal helminthiasis. An overall prevalence of intestinal helminthiasis was 75.8%. Hookworm infection was the most common (63.1%), followed by Opisthorchis viverrini/minute intestinal flukes (17.7%), Taenia spp. (15.2%), Trichuris trichiura (2.0%), Ascaris lumbricoides (1.5%), and Enterobius vermicularis (1.0%). Questionnaire analysis revealed sex (male) and absence of latrine to be significant risk factors for hookworm infection and consumption of raw meat for taeniasis. These results suggest that the mountainous area in northern Lao PDR has a different composition of helminth infections from other studies conducted in Lao PDR; a high prevalence of hookworm infection and taeniasis and low prevalence of T. trichiura and A. lumbricoides infections were observed. Also, liver flukes or intestinal flukes were similarly prevalent in the mountainous area.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.4181-4185
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• 2014

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of male spouse caregivers of breast cancer patients in China, assess their quality of life (QOL), and investigate the influencing factors. Materials and Methods: A total of 243 breast cancer patient-spouse caregiver dyads were recruited from four hospitals in Shanxi and Anhui province of China. A cross-sectional design was applied to collect data and the Chinese version of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form (SF-36) was used to measure caregivers' QOL, and the Chinese version of M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI-C) was applied to measure patient symptom severity and interference. Pearson's correlation was used to examine the correlations between caregiver burden and QOL. The multiple regression analysis was used to determine the most predictive factors influencing QOL. Results: The scores of all SF-36 scales were above 50.0, which were much lower than that of general mainland Chinese males. Mental QOL was significantly worse than physical QOL. Spouses demographic characteristics, caregiving-related variables and patient symptoms were related to spouse QOL. Caregiver burden has a negative relationship with QOL. Conclusions: A decrease in life events and patient symptoms, as well as increase in spouse sleeping time and family income, ought to improve QOL.