• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.85-88
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• 2001

Examination of the die design is carried out for a multi-stage rectangular cup drawing process with the large aspect ratio with the aid of the finite element analysis. The analysis considers the deep drawing process with the ironing process for the thickness control in the cup wall. Simulation is performed to investigate the deformation mechanism in the initial design and the modified design. The analysis clarifies that the irregular cross section and the irregular contact condition produces unfavorable deformation. The analysis results show that the modified design improves the quality of a deep-drawn product with the low possibility of failure. The analysis result also shows good agreement with the experimental one.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 2006

This study was performed to evaluate repeated-dose toxicities of STB-HO-BM in Sprague-Dawley rats. STB-HO-BM was administered orally to rats at dose levels of 0, 100, 300 and 1,000 mg/kg/day for 13 weeks. In recent study, there were no dose related changes in mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, food and water consumption, opthalmoscopy, organ weights, urine analysis, hematological findings, and biochemical examination of all animals treated with STB-HO-BM. Gross and histopathological findings revealed no evidence of specific toxicity related to STB-HO-BM. These results suggest that the oral no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of STB-HO-BM may be over 1,000 mg/kg in rats.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2016

In this study, the three different meta-heuristics namely the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), Stochastic Fractal Search (SFS), and Adaptive Differential Evolution with Optional External Archive (JADE) algorithms are examined. This study considers optimization of the planer frame to minimize its weight subjected to the strength and displacement constraints as per the American Institute of Steel and Construction - Load and Resistance Factor Design (AISC-LRFD). The GWO algorithm is associated with grey wolves' activities in the social hierarchy. The SFS algorithm works on the natural phenomenon of growth. JADE on the other hand is a powerful self-adaptive version of a differential evolution algorithm. A one-bay ten-story planar steel frame problem is examined in the present work to investigate the design ability of the proposed algorithms. The frame design is produced by optimizing the W-shaped cross sections of beam and column members as per AISC-LRFD standard steel sections. The results of the algorithms are compared. In addition, these results are also mapped with other state-of-art algorithms.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1969-1974
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge and associated factors regarding colorectal cancer screening among university students in Malaysia. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle practice and knowledge of colorectal screening. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 students ($21.3{\pm}1.4$ years old). The majority of the participants were Malay with a monthly family income of less than 5,000 Ringgit Malaysia (equal to 1,700 USD) (67.0% and 76.0%, respectively). Regarding their lifestyle practices, the majority were non-smokers and had never consumed alcohol (83.7%, and 88.0%, respectively). The majority of the participants had no knowledge of digital rectal examination, colonoscopy, barium enema and fecal occult blood screening (63.3%, 60.7%, 74.0% and 62.3%, respectively). Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that their age and the discipline which the students were studying significantly influenced their level of knowledge about colorectal screening. The present study results indicate that education campaigns about colorectal cancer should be promoted.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.270-284
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• 2014

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of lifestyle factors in metabolic syndrome among adolescents. The metabolic syndrome has been reported as a cause of various chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes in adolescents. Method: This study is a cross-sectional study on 1,931 adolescents (1,011 boys and 920 girls) aged 12-19 years from the Korean Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2012. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, $x^2$-test, and logistic regression in consideration of strata, cluster, and weight as national data. Result: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adolescents aged 12-19 years was 4.3% (Boys, 5.4%; Girls, 3.1%). Among lifestyle factors, BMI had significants influences on the metabolic syndrome risk, but other variables did not. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that further research is necessary on the effect of lifestyle factors in metabolic syndrome and that school health nurses should focus on implementation of effective programs for promotion of activity and healthy foods for prevention and intervention of metabolic syndrome.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.39-41
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• 2006

The weld quality of spacer grids in Pressurized Water Reactors(PWR) fuel is extremely important for the fuel assembly performance in the nuclear renter. The spacer grid welds are currently evaluated mainly by the metallographic examination although it reveals only cross-points which are welded by the laser beam. This experiment is also to compare the weldability of Zircaloy-4 spacer grids using by the GTA and laser beam. The effect of node geometries of spacer grids for GTAW and LBW has been studied and optimum conditions of spacer grid welding have been found. Microstructures and micro-hardness of GTA and laser beam welded zones have been also compared.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.97-105
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• 1998

Recent mass construction of high-rise apartments across the country are questionable whether this housing type is appropriate for Korean families as one of housing alternatives. Therefore, cross-cultural analysis is needed for the evaluation of high-rise apartment living. The purpose of this study is to identify factors related to the evaluation of residential satisfaction, and to examine the differences of satisfaction between Korean and American high-rise resident groups on these factors and personal characteristics. The review of literature and factor analysis identified six important environmental factors. 413 subjects were selected from the major two resident groups in major U.S. cities, and Seoul, Korea. An examination by major factors indicated that five except for neighborhood environmental qualities were significant relationship. It was also found that personal characteristics of these two groups were significantly different. Multiple-regression analysis found that both physical quality of dwelling unit and management/maintenance were important predictors of residential satisfaction.

• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.341-373
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• 2003

A cross-linguistic examination of motion constructions reveals that the nature of the special property of English motion verbs that Tenny (1995) discussed-namely, why English can freely append locational delimiters to manner-of-motion verbs, as in Bill swam/rowed/canoed to the end of the lake -resides not in the verbs but in the semantic structure of the prepositions that denote transition from motion to end location. It is further argued that the differentiation of bounded paths from non-bounded Ones provides a clear-cut basis on which to distinguish motion constructions from resultative constructions. This proposal provides an alternative to the analyses of resultative constructions by Wechsler (1997) and Rappaport Hovav and Levin (2001).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.190-196
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• 1999

Hot forgeability of STD 61 steel was boronzed in boronizing paste mainly consisted of B4C and Na2B4O7 at various temperatures and times. Microhardness and thickness of boride layers were measured and distributions of B, Si, Cr and V on the cross section of specimen were observed by EPMA line analysis. Microscopic examination and results of EPMA showed that the boride layer consisted of two layers outer layer of FeB and inner layer of Fe2B. Microhardness of these boride layers was in the range of Hv 1800~2300. Thickness of boride layer increased with times and temperatures. Si-rich $\alpha$ layer was formed between boride layer and matrix. Element such as Cr concentration as Cr23(B, C)6 beneath the boride layer.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.154-156
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• 2005

We present a case of chondroblastoma in the thoracic vertebra. A 40-year-old patient with upper back pain and lower extremity weakness was admitted to our clinic. On neurological examination, the patient exhibited lower extremity spastic paraparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass infiltrating the 7th thoracic vertebra and its adjacent structures with concomitant compression of the epidural space. After right upper lung tuberculoma was resected through the transthoracic approach, T7 total corpectomy was done with anterior stabilization using a MESH cage and T7 rib bone graft. Two weeks after the first operation, remained part of vertebra was removed and posterior stabilization was performed using a pedicle screw fixation and cross linkage bar with the assistance of the navigation system. The final pathologic diagnosis of the vertebral lesion was benign chondroblastoma.