• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.121-142
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• 2005

We're living in a world of one global village. The globalization of business is acceleration as more companies cross national borders to find customers, materials and money. Many foreign companies and organizations are doing their business aggressively in Korea and many Korean companies and rushing into foreign market. When people communicate for business with someone from another culture, there could be difficult communication barriers to overcome resulting from differences in their values, beliefs, norms for behavior, expectations, attitudes and so on. To do successfully business, we need to understand culture background and communication style that is different from nation, race, language. Communication barriers stemming from cultural differences may vary. Largely, they can be divided into value system, non-verbal communication, and perception process. Value system can be divided into individualism versus group orientation, avoidance of uncertainty degree, power distance, and high- context culture versus low-context culture. Also non-verbal communication method and perception process may play decisive roles in communication effectiveness. Especially nonverbal communication barriers which sometimes play more important roles than the verbal parts are composed of eye contact, gesture, kinesics, proxemics, chronemics, paralanguage and language of color Cross-cultural communication affect business situation. I expect that if we understand cultural background, and then we overcome cross-cultural communication barriers. To overcome and to adapt inter-cultural business, we need to develope curriculum on the cross-cultural education which I will study in the next paper.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.87-95
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• 2000

Despite the perceived significance of cross-cultural studies in environmental education, only few of this kind have been conducted in Korea because of several barriers such as additional communicative, fanancial and administrative efforts. This cross-cultural study was conducted to examine if there were any significant differences in environmental awareness and attitude toward current environmental issues. The results revealed that the American subjects appeared to be more concerned with environmental issues, have higher willingness to act, and have more internalized Locus of Control than the Korean subjects. Similar observations have been reported by Horsley's(1984) study that compared environmental attitudes among students from 10 different countries. This study, however, suggested possibility of alternative interpretations of the results from the perspective of social- and cultural pscyhology.

• 한국경영정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.371-376
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• 2008

As the e-business developed fast and more firms embrace CRM as a core e-business strategy, it is getting more important to assess the firms. The CRM is approaching customer-centric. This approach focuses on the long-term relationship with the customers by providing the benefits of the customer rather than based on what the company wants to sell. How to establish the overall efficiency and effectiveness of a global enterprise becomes more and more important to the E-business. The study investigates the cross-national psychometric prosperities of the establishment in the E-business. Using a cross-national survey of customers from Korea and China to compare the Korean customers' acceptance of e-business with the Chinese customers', and compare the development of e-business in Korea with the development in China it will be found that Korea and China samples shared a somewhat similar factor structure. And there are also some differences between Korea and China. These findings suggest that the way to establish the e-business strategy is influenced by the cultural effects. So focusing on the cultural differences among the countries becomes more and more important, this study will help to analysis how to use the different cultural dimension to establish the better CRM system in the e-business field.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.153-163
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• 2007

Utilizing the quantitative analysis methodology of questionnaire, the study explores the differences in the factors of achievement motivation, learning mathematics attitude and learning mathematics self-confidence and also the relationship between mathematics academic achievement and these factors in three areas in China. The following conclusions are drawn: 1. The subjects from different development level areas have significant differences in motivation, attitude and self-confidence in mathematics; 2. The subjects from different areas who possess the same ethnic group have significant differences. But the subjects from same area who possess different nationalities have little difference. It can be concluded that that the differences in these factors can be contributed to regional differences, rather than to ethnic differences; 3. The subjects from undeveloped areas have significant gender differences, and the levels of males are higher than those of female.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to explore the role of familiarity in cross-cultural product perception and perception changes according to food systems (hot sauce and spicy-chicken) in Korean and US consumers. Free choice profiling was conducted by Korean and US consumers on four spicy-chicken samples made using four hot sauce samples. Half of the hot sauce samples were selected to be more familiar to US consumers and vice versa to Korean consumers. A previous study that investigated cross-cultural perceptions of the same four hot sauce samples in US and Korean consumers was incorporated in this study. For distinct sample differences, US and Korean consumers perceived products similarly. However, for less obvious differences, flavor familiarity seemed to affect consumers' product perceptions. In addition, product perceptions changed more dramatically according to food systems for familiar samples in each country. The findings of this study show that consumers' product perception can be affected by flavor familiarities.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.46-57
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• 2021

Purpose - In terms of human resource management, many Korean enterprises in China have experienced problems such as frequent resignations of Chinese employees and labor disputes. This can be mainly attributed to the fact that Chinese employees are not consistent with Korean vertical management methods, which is closely related to the national culture theory proposed by Hofstede, specifically the dimension of power distance and long- versus short-term orientation (LTO). Therefore, this research aims to investigate cultural differences between Korea and China from these two dimensions, and the impact on the human resource management of Korean-invested enterprises in China. Design/methodology - This research first utilizes the latest data (Wave 7) of the World Values Survey (WVS) to verify the difference in power distance and long- versus short-term orientation between Korean and Chinese cultures using responses from Korea and China, and then uses case analysis to analyze the impact of this cultural difference on the human resource management of Korean enterprises in China. Findings - Our main findings can be summarized as follows. Korea and China have significant differences in power distance and long- versus short-term orientation. In terms of power distance, Korean respondents show higher power distance compared to Chinese respondents. In the dimension of long- versus short-term orientation, it was found that Chinese respondents showed a shorter-term orientation, whereas Korean respondents showed a longer-term orientation. Originality/value - Previous studies put focus on the power distance and individualism-collectivism dimensions to explain cultural differences between Korea and China, and generated contradictory results. This research further confirms the cultural differences between Korea and China from the dimensions of power distance and long-versus short-term orientation using secondary data. The comparative studies from this perspective have long been underexplored and lack empirical confirmation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.313-316
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• 2018

In this paper, the authors reflect on how a lecturer's cross-cultural gestures affect learners from across cultures online and in the field teaching sessions for improving the service when to build an e-Learning system. The study extends to survey the way learners feel about cultural differences during a presentation from the research based on sociolinguistics research. Before starting a full-scale research, a preliminary study has been conducted to base the initial experiment, and analysis these result for main research.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.28
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• pp.141-161
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• 2012

Abusive language used by college students reflects current social attitudes and values. Adopting a comparative and cross-cultural perspective, this study examines the frequency and perceived severity of abusive language in English and Mandarin Chinese. Because abusive language often includes sexual connotations, this paper employs a particular concentration on sexism. Gender differences in the use of abusive language illustrate a male bias across cultures.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.1301-1308
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• 2009

In this paper, we conducted cross-cultural studies on digital images, which is an important element of the user interface. We brought in the schema theory to explain the cross-cultural difference in expressing and perceiving digital images. Participant-ethnography, in-depth interview, and card sorting were conducted to explore how expression and perception of image are influenced by schemas. Our results of qualitative studies indicate that there are differences in schemas between cultures depending on the topic of expression and perception. With these results, we suggest globalization and localization strategies of website.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.78-87
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• 2012

In this paper, we conducted cross-cultural studies on digital images, which is an important element of the user interface. We brought in the schema theory to explain the cross-cultural difference in expressing and perceiving digital images. Participant-ethnography, in-depth interview, and card sorting were conducted to explore how expression and perception of images are influenced by schemas. Our results of qualitative studies indicate that there are differences in schemas between cultures depending on the topic of expression and perception. With these results, we suggest globalization and localization strategies for websites.