• Clinical Endoscopy
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.217-225
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• 2024

Background/Aims: This study aims to compare polyp detection performance of "Deep-GI," a newly developed artificial intelligence (AI) model, to a previously validated AI model computer-aided polyp detection (CADe) using various false positive (FP) thresholds and determining the best threshold for each model. Methods: Colonoscopy videos were collected prospectively and reviewed by three expert endoscopists (gold standard), trainees, CADe (CAD EYE; Fujifilm Corp.), and Deep-GI. Polyp detection sensitivity (PDS), polyp miss rates (PMR), and false-positive alarm rates (FPR) were compared among the three groups using different FP thresholds for the duration of bounding boxes appearing on the screen. Results: In total, 170 colonoscopy videos were used in this study. Deep-GI showed the highest PDS (99.4% vs. 85.4% vs. 66.7%, p<0.01) and the lowest PMR (0.6% vs. 14.6% vs. 33.3%, p<0.01) when compared to CADe and trainees, respectively. Compared to CADe, Deep-GI demonstrated lower FPR at FP thresholds of ≥0.5 (12.1 vs. 22.4) and ≥1 second (4.4 vs. 6.8) (both p<0.05). However, when the threshold was raised to ≥1.5 seconds, the FPR became comparable (2 vs. 2.4, p=0.3), while the PMR increased from 2% to 10%. Conclusions: Compared to CADe, Deep-GI demonstrated a higher PDS with significantly lower FPR at ≥0.5- and ≥1-second thresholds. At the ≥1.5-second threshold, both systems showed comparable FPR with increased PMR.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.511-522
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The study examined the association between homocysteine and diabetes mellitus in patients with H-type hypertension and assessed the possible effect modifiers. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 1,255 eligible participants in the 'H-type Hypertension Management and Stroke Prevention Strategic International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Project' among rural Chinese people with H-type hypertension. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between homocysteine and diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: The mean level of total homocysteine (tHcy) in the diabetes mellitus population was 19.37 μmol/L, which was significantly higher than the non-diabetic patients (18.18 μmol/L). When tHcy was analyzed as a continuous variable, the odds ratio (OR) of diabetes was 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.35; per interquartile range). When tHcy was stratified according to the quintile, the ORs for diabetes were 2.86 (95% CI, 1.22-6.69) in the highest quintile (tHcy ≥ 20.60 μmol/L) compared to the reference group (tHcy < 12.04 μmol/L). When tHcy was grouped by 15 μmol/L and 20 μmol/L, patients with tHcy ≥ 20 μmol/L had a significantly (P = 0.037) higher risk of diabetes (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.04-3.96) than in those with tHcy < 15 μmol/L. Subgroup analysis showed that the tHcy-diabetes association was unaffected by other variables. CONCLUSION: In this study of rural Chinese people with H-type hypertension, the tHcy levels showed a positive association with diabetes mellitus. This independent association is unaffected by other potential risk factors.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2022

Purpose: As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread rapidly causing approximately 186 million confirmed cases around the world, the urgency to reach herd immunity through vaccination is increasing. However, vaccine safety is a top priority to limit the occurrence of adverse events. Henceforth, this study aims to recognize and perceive COVID-19 vaccine safety in Indonesia during the pandemic. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study and was conducted in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic using an online survey of demographic information and a qualitative questionnaire. Responses were recorded and the association between demographic characteristics from survey questions was tested using chi-square with a risk estimate and 95% confidence interval. Results: A total of 311 participants from 33 out of 34 provinces in Indonesia participated in this study. Recorded responses showed multiple side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine both short-and long-term experienced by the participants. Significant associations were found between demographic factors and COVID-19 vaccine side effects such as female gender with short-term puncture site (odds ratio [OR], 0.463; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.263-0.816) and short-term other reactions (OR, 0.463; 95% CI, 0.263-0.816), domicile outside Java island with long-term puncture site (OR, 4.219; 95% CI, 1.401-12.701) and immune reactions (OR, 3.375; 95% CI, 1.356-8.398), also between married marital status and long-term vagal reaction (OR, 4.655; 95% CI, 1.321-16.409). Conclusion: Gender, domicile and marital status factors were associated with COVID-19 vaccine side effects in Indonesian people.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제42권12호
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• pp.1113-1124
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• 2009

구하도 및 폐천복원은 하천에서의 이수와 치수적인 기능뿐만 아니라 환경 및 생태 서식처 기능을 강화하고 개선하기 위한 여러 방법들 중 하나이며 이러한 구하도를 복원하기 위해서는 주수로와의 하도 안정성을 고려하여 횡단면 형태를 결정하고 하도선형을 설계하게 된다. 이러한 하도설계시 기준이 되는 유량이 반드시 필요하며 이 기준유량을 하도형성유량 또는 지배유량이라고 한다. 일반적으로 하도형성유량을 산정하는 방법으로는 만제유량, 특정 재현기간별 유량, 유효유량을 계산하여 결정하는 방법이 있다. 본 연구에서는 구하도 복원 사업이 시행되는 청미천 구간에 대해 만제유량, 특정 재현기간별 유량, 유효유량을 산정하여 상호 관계를 분석하고 과거의 하상변동 특성 자료와 비교하여 연관성을 평가하였다. 청미천 구하도 복원구간의 만제유량은 HEC-RAS 자료를 이용하여 만제수위에 해당되는 유량으로 산정하였으며 488 $m^3/s$인 것으로 나타났고 이는 1.5년과 2년 빈도 사이의 유량에 포함되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 유사량 자료와 과거 일유량 자료를 이용하여 계산된 유효유량은 만제유량보다 큰 값을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 과거 측량자료 분석에 의하면 청미천의 대상구간 하도는 1994년에 비해 2008년 현재 하도가 침식된 것으로 나타났으며 이는 유효유량을 소통시킬 수 있는 형태로 하도가 진화하고 있다는 것을 의미하며 곧 하천이 안정한 상태로 변화하고 있다는 것을 의미한다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2013

Objectives: Mental health has been shown to be linked with certain underlying physiological mechanisms. The objective of this cross sectional study was to investigate the relationship between depressive symptoms and brachial artery reactivity (BAR) in an understudied population: police officers. Methods: Participants were 351 police officers who were clinically examined in the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Police Stress (BCOPS) study. BAR was performed using standard B-Mode ultrasound procedures. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Mean values of the difference between the baseline and maximum diameters of the brachial artery were determined across three categories of CES-D score using the analysis of variance and the analysis of covariance. p-values for linear trends were obtained from linear regression models. Results: The mean age (${\pm}$ standard deviation) of all officers was $40.9{\pm}7.2$ years. Women had a slightly higher mean CES-D score than men ($8.9{\pm}8.9$ vs. $7.4{\pm}6.4$) and a slightly higher percentage increase of BAR than men (6.90 vs. 5.26%). Smoking status significantly modified the associations between depressive symptoms and BAR. Among current smokers, mean absolute values of BAR significantly decreased as depressive symptoms increased after adjustment for age, gender, race/ethnicity, hypertension, and diabetes; the multivariate-adjusted p-values were 0.033 (absolute) and 0.040 (%). Associations between depressive symptoms and BAR were not statistically significant among former smokers or never smokers. Conclusion: Depressive symptoms were inversely associated with BAR among police officers who were current smokers and together may be considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease among police officers. Further prospective research is warranted.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2013

Objectives: This study aims to research character of the patients with leukorrhea including Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging (DITI) and symptoms associated with leukorrhea in view of Korean medicine theory. Methods: We studied 71 patients visiting ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ Korean Hospital from April, 2012 to March, 2013. The subjects were categorized in two groups, leukorrhea group (n=40) and control group (n=31). We investigated the difference of DITI and other physical symptoms between two groups. Results: The average temperature of CV4 in leukorrhea group ($29.56{\pm}0.80^{\circ}C$) were significantly lower than that of control group ($30.12{\pm}0.54^{\circ}C$)(p<0.01). And there is no statistical difference of temperature of CV17 located in chest area between two groups. But temperature difference between CV17 and CV4 (${\Delt}T$) in leukorrhea group ($1.18{\pm}0.55^{\circ}C$) is significantly higher than control group ($0.68{\pm}0.43^{\circ}C$)(p<0.01). There is no correlation between leukorrhea and some sypmtoms, like menorrhea, irregular menstruation, fatigue, constipation and loss of appetite. But leukorrhea group is more likely to suffer from dyspepsia and insomnia than control group. Conclusions: Leukorrhea group is related to lower temperature in lower abdomen than control group. And patients with leukorrhea are more likely to appear dyspepsia and insomnia than no leukorrhea group.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2013

목적: 40세 이상 한국 성인남녀에서 수정체의 혼탁 종류에 따른 백내장의 유형별 유병률을 산출하고 교정시력을 알아보았다. 방법: 제4기 국민건강영양조사(NHANES) 중 2009년 자료를 이용하여 인구 기반 단면 연구로 디자인하였다. 40세-95세까지 총 4,977명에 대해 연령과 성별에 따라 층화하여 백내장의 유병률과 수정체 혼탁의 종류에 따른 유병률을 조사하였다. 전체 대상자의 평균 연령은 $58.28{\pm}12.07$세 였고, 남자가 2,142명(43.0%), 여자가 2,835명(57.0%)이었다. 교정시력은 0.63 미만인 경우를 산출하였다. 결과: 전체대상자 4,977명 중에서 현재 백내장이 있는 경우는 40.6%(남자 17.5%, 여자 23.1%)로 나타났다. 백내장의 유형별 유병률은 핵형(56.3%), 피질형(23.4%), 혼합형(16.2%), 전낭하(3.0%), 후낭하(1.1%) 순으로 나타났다. 유형별 남녀의 차이는 없었고, 모든 연령대에서 핵형이 가장 많았다. 전낭하 백내장은 대부분의 경우에서 교정시력이 0.63 미만으로 낮았다. 결론: 핵형 백내장의 유병률이 가장 높았고, 수정체의 혼탁을 고려한 역학 연구와 예방 정책의 수립이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.3-12
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• 2014

복합트러스교는 프리스트레스 박스거더교의 복부를 강재 트러스로 대체한 교량으로 자중이 경감되는 구조적 장점과 복부 개방구조로 인한 경관성이 매우 우수하여 최근 들어 많이 사용되고 있다. 이러한 복합트러스교의 핵심기술은 강재 트러스와 콘크리트 슬래브를 연결하는 격점구조이며 지금까지 여러가지 격점구조들이 개발되어 실험적 검증을 통해서 실교량에 적용해 오고 있다. 이러한 격점구조는 격점부 국부적인 거동뿐만 아니라 복합트러스 거더의 휨 및 피로 등 전체적인 거동을 좌우하기 때문에 이에 대한 연구가 계속 진행되고 있다. 한편, 복합트러스 교량의 복부 개방구조는 프리스트레스 박스교량에 비해 비틀림 성능을 저하시키는 단점을 가지고 있어 편심하중을 받는 교량이나 곡선교 등에는 아직까지 적용된 사례가 없다. 따라서 복합트러스교가 보다 널리 사용되기 위해서는 비틀림 거동에 대한 정확한 분석이 필요한 상황이다. 기존 연구에서는 복합트러스교의 격점구조형식에 따른 비틀림 거동 특성을 알아보기 위해서 3가지 형태의 박스형 복합트러스 실험체를 제작하여 그 거동을 분석하였다. 이에 이 연구에서는 기존연구를 바탕으로 유한요소 해석프로그램을 이용하여 실험체를 모델링하고 시뮬레이션을 통해 그 거동을 분석하여 해석적으로 검증해 보았다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.4660-4668
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• 2012

본 연구는 여자 고등학생의 스트레스와 자아탄력성, 그리고 학교적응유연성 정도를 파악하고, 그 상관관계를 확인하기 위하여 시도되었다. 대상자는 I시에 소재한 3개 인문계 고등학교에 재학 중인 여자 고등학생 250명으로, 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 2010년 9월 한 달 간 자료를 수집하였다. 대상자의 스트레스는 학교생활 만족도와 선생님과의 관계에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 학교적응유연성은 학교생활 만족도와 선생님과의 관계, 학교 성적, 음주 경험, 이성 친구 유무에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었다. 학교적응유연성은 학교 관련, 가족 관련, 친구 관련 스트레스와 유의한 상관관계가 있었으나, 자아탄력성과는 상관관계가 없었다. 결론적으로 여자 고등학생들의 학교적응에 있어 스트레스의 중재가 중요하다고 볼 수 있으며, 또한 학교에서의 생활, 선생님과 친구들과의 관계가 매우 중요하다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 여자 고등학생의 학교적응을 위한 중재 프로그램 개발 시 학교 관련 스트레스 요인을 감소시킬 수 있는 방안을 신중히 고려해 볼 필요가 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.6987-6990
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• 2015

Background: Oral cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers and one of the top ten causes of death in the whole world. Most oral cancers are diagnosed at late stages. Since dentists play a critical role in early detection of oral cancer, they should be knowledgeable and skillful in oral cancer diagnosis. The aim of this study was to survey dentist knowledge about oral cancer in Southern Khorasan Province. Materials and Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with dentists who participated in an in-service educational program at the Faculty of Dentistry of Birjand University of Medical Sciences in spring 2014. A questionnaire including demographic information with 11 questions regarding oral cancer was prepared. The participants were required to be complete the questionnaires within a specific time span. The data were analyzed using SPSS 15 software by t-test and one-way ANOVA at 0.05 confidence level. Results: A total of 73 dentists out of 80 answered the questionnaires - 36 (49.3%) were females and 37 (50.7%) were males. Total mean score of knowledge was $7.91{\pm}1$ of 11. Mean scores of knowledge of male and female participants were $7.70{\pm}1.83$ and $8.13{\pm}1.94$ respectively. Mean knowledge score of general dentists was $7.41{\pm}1.79$ and of dental specialists was $9.44{\pm}1.0$ In spite of higher knowledge score of women compared to men and general dentists compared to dental specialists, these differences were not statistically significant (p=0.09). Tukey testing showed a significant difference between groups with 1-4 years of experience (8.74) and over twenty years of experience (6.50) ( p=0.001). Conclusions: Considering the good knowledge level of young dentists and the specialists and the importance of early diagnosis of oral cancer, it seems necessary to pay more attention to academic education for dentistry students, as well as holding retraining courses for experienced dentists, so that their knowledge not be reduced over time.