• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.132-137
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• 2016

Objective: Eversion of the foot is created with internal rotation of the shank, and inversion of the foot is created with external rotation of the shank. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of continuous changes in the angle of the subtalar joint on lower extremity alignments. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Seventeen healthy young adult subjects recruited. The subjects were asked to stand up in a natural standing position on a footplate with eye open and equal weight on each foot for 10s in two different conditions: The right subtalar joint was everted continuously $0^{\circ}-20^{\circ}$ and in separate segments of $0^{\circ}$, $5^{\circ}$, $10^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$, $20^{\circ}$. The averages of three trials were used. The observation of the changes in the lower extremity was performed with the use of 3-dimensional motion analysis. For data analysis, the SPSS 18.0 software using paired t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied. Results: The angle was significantly increased at the horizontal rotation angle of the shank, thigh, and ankle without anterior rotation of the pelvis (p<0.05). The maximum horizontal rotation angle at the thigh on $20^{\circ}$ was $-4.52^{\circ}$ in static, and $-3.10^{\circ}$ in the dynamic conditions compared to $0^{\circ}$. Conclusions: Increased unilateral foot pronation, thigh, shank, ankle horizontal rotation variance was significantly effective. The observation of the changes in foot abduction with the use of a 3-dimensional motion analysis augmented in predicting the angle values of each segment of the lower extremity. In further studies, a comparison of the right and left subtalar joints need to be investigated.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2008

현행 도로설계의 기준이 되는 "도로의 구조 시설 기준에 관한 규칙 해설 및 지침"에서는 설계속도에 따라 도로 선형별 최소 설계기준을 정하고 있으며, 이 기준을 만족시키면 교통안전성 이 확보되는 것으로 규정하고 있다. 이러한 설계기준에 적용되고 있는 개별 설계요소들은 원칙적으로 차량 및 운전자 특성을 감안하여 설치기준이 정립되었으나, 설계요소간의 연관성 또는 일관성에 대한 깊이 있는 연구를 통해 제반 기준이 정립된 것은 아니다. 결과적으로, 현재의 도로설계기준이 개별 설계 요소들의 조합에 의해 결정되는 도로의 안전성, 일관성 문제를 모두 고려하지는 못하였다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 기존의 설계기준에 내재된 문제점을 인지하고 해결을 위해 우선적으로 3차원 가속도를 고려한 선형 설계방안에 대한 연구를 수행하였으며, 이를 통해 더욱 안전하고 조화로운 도로건설을 유도하고자 한다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.449-458
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• 1996

Most of the conventional electrocardiowaphs foil to detect signals other than P-QRS-T due to the limited SNR and bandwidth. High-resolution electrocardiography(HRECG) provides better SNR and wider bandwidth for the detection of micro-potentials with higher frequency components such as vontricular late potentials(LP). We have developed a HRECG using uncorrected XYZ lead for the detection of LPs. The overall gain of the amplifier is 4000 and the bandwidth is 0.5-300Hz without using 60Hz notch filter. Three 16-bit A/D converters sample X, Y, and Z signals simultaneously with a sampling frequency of 2000Hz. Sampled data are transmitted to a PC via a DMA-controlled, optically-coupled serial communication channel. In order to further reduce the noise, we implemented a signal averaging algorithm that averaged many instances of aligned beats. The beat alignment was carried out through the use of a template matching technique that finds a location maximizing cross-correlation with a given beat tem- plate. Beat alignment error was reduced to $\pm$0.25ms. FIR high-pass filter with cut-off frequency of 40Hz was applied to remove the low frequency components of the averaged X, Y, and Z signals. QRS onset and end point were determined from the vector magnitude of the sigrlaIL and some parameters needed to detect the existence of LP were estimated. The entire system was designed for the easy application of the future research topics including the optimal lead system, filter design, new parameter extraction, etc. In the developed HRECG, without signal averaging, the noise level was less than 5$\mu$V$_rms RTI$. With signal averaging of at least 100 beats, the noise level was reduced to 0.5$\mu$V$_rms RTI$, which is low enough to detect LPs. The developed HRECG will provide a new advanced functionality to interpretive ECG analyzers.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.343-349
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• 2021

In The process from design to construction in the existing construction work was less efficient due to the contradictory approach of identifying the 3D state in the plan view and the repeated generation of surveys, floor plans, drawings. Accurate 3D design data is essential for smart construction. However, most of the existing related studies have focused on explaining the development method and main functions of equipment or improving the productivity of smart construction. Therefore, in this study, the utility of 3D design model generation for smart construction and construction survey using 3D laser scanner was evaluated. Plane and vertical road alignment were created using the specifications of the road. The generated road alignment was created as a three-dimensional corridor design using cross-sections at intervals of 20m. In addition, it was possible to create a DTM (Digital Terrain Model) using a digital map and effectively create a 3D design model for the study area through overlapping. Construction survey using a 3D laser scanner showed accuracy within 10cm as a result of the accuracy evaluation. These results proved that construction surveying using a 3D laser scanner is possible because it satisfies the acceptable accuracy of the relevant regulations modeling of target areas using 3D design and construction survey using 3D laser scanner can be a way to address shortcomings of existing GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) methods. And accurate 3D data will be used as essential data as basic data for smart construction.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.321-327
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 UV/Ozone 처리를 통해 Polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) 표면에 주름 구조를 형성하고, 물리화학적 특성 분석을 통해 줄금 구조 형성 메커니즘을 밝혔다. 30분의 UV/Ozone 처리를 통해 PDMS 표면에 주름 구조를 형성하였으며, 주사전자현미경의 단면 촬영으로 PDMS 표면의 주기적인 주름 형성을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, XPS 스펙트럼 분석을 통해 PDMS 표면에 SiOx의 실리카 경질 표면이 UV/Ozone에 의해 만들어지는 것을 확인하였고, PDMS 표면의 경질층과 내부의 연질층 사이의 탄성 계수 불일치는 PDMS의 주름 형성의 팽윤 메커니즘을 확인시켜 준다. 본 연구 결과는 UV/Ozone 처리에 의한 PDMS 표면의 주름 구조 형성 메커니즘의 이해도를 향상시킬 뿐만 아니라, 향후 UV/Ozone 조사 조건에 따라 주름 구조의 진폭과 주기를 조정하는데 기초 연구로 쓰일 수 있을 것이다.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.250-259
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• 2021

Path planning is one of the important technologies for automated parking. It requires to plan a collision-free path considering the vehicle's kinematic constraints such as minimum turning radius or steering velocity. In a complex parking lot, Rapidly-exploring Random Tree^* (RRT^*) can be used for planning a parking path, and Reeds-Shepp or Hybrid Curvature can be applied as a tree-extension method to consider the vehicle's constraints. In this case, each of these methods may affect the computation time of planning the parking path, path-tracking error, and parking success rate. Therefore, in this study, we conduct comparative analysis of two tree-extension functions: Reeds-Shepp (RS) and Hybrid Curvature (HC), and show that HC is a more appropriate tree-extension function for parking path planning. The differences between the two functions are introduced, and their performances are compared by applying them with RRT^*. They are tested at various parking scenarios in simulation, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed by computation time, cross-track error while tracking the path, parking success rate, and alignment error at the target parking spot. These results show that HC generates the parking path that an autonomous vehicle can track without collisions and HC allows the vehicle to park with lower alignment error than those of RS.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.8-17
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• 2024

Background: Sleep accounts for approximately one-third of a person's lifetime. It is a relaxing activity that relieves mental and physical fatigue. Pillows of different sizes, shapes, and materials have been designed to improve sleep quality by achieving an optimal sleep posture. Objects: This study aimed to determine which pillow provides the most comfortable and supports the head and neck during sleep, which may enhance sleep quality. Methods: Twenty-eight healthy adults (19 males and 9 females) with an average age of 29 years participated in this cross-sectional study. This experiment was conducted while the participants laid down for 5 minutes in four different pillow conditions: (1) no pillow (NP), (2) neck support foam pillow (NSFP), (3) standard microfiber filled pillow (SFP), and (4) hybrid foam pillow (HFP). The head-neck peak pressure, cranio-vertebral angle in supine (CVAs), cranio-horizontal angle in supine (CHAs), chin-sternum distance (CSD), and muscle tone of sternocleidomastoid were analyzed using one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: The head-neck peak pressure was the highest in the NSFP condition, followed by the NP, SFP, and HFP conditions. The CVAs, CHAs, and CSD of the SFP were lower than those of the other pillows. Muscle tone was the highest in the NP condition, followed by the of NSFP, HFP, and SFP conditions. The participants subjective comfort level in both the supine and side-lying postures was highest in the HFP condition, followed by the SFP and NSFP conditions. Conclusion: This study can be used to establish the importance of pillow selection for high-quality sleep. The results of this study, suggest that a hybrid pillow with a good supportive core and appropriate fluffiness can maintain comfort and correct cervical spine alignment during sleep.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.26-34
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• 2005

일련의 새로운 2-alkoxyphenyl-3-phenylthioisoindoline-1-one 유도체들의 구조 변화에 의한 저항성(RPC; 95CC7303)과 감수성(SPC; 95CC7105) 고추역병 균주(Phytopthora capsici)들의 살균활성에 대한 3차원적인 정량적 구조-활성관계(3D-QSAR)를 비교분자 유사성 지수분석(CoMSIA) 방법으로 연구하였다. 그 결과, RPC 균주는 field fit 정렬시 정전기장(E)과 수소결합 받게장(A) 및 분자궤도장(LUMO)이 조합된 조건에서 모델 R5를 그리고 SPC 균주는 atom based fit 정렬시 입체장(S)과 분자궤도장(HOMO)의 조건에서 모델 S1(또는 S5)이 가장 양호한 예측성과 적합성을 나타내는($q^2=0.714{\sim}0.823$ 및 $r^2_{ncv.}=0.918{\sim}0.954$) CoMSIA 모델이었다. 또한, RPC 균주에는 LUMO (24.4%) SPC 균주에는 HOMO(13.5%) 분자 궤도장이 그리고 두 균주에 대하여 공통적으로 수소결합 받게장(A)이 살균활성에 기여하는 특성을 나타내었다. 그리고 CoMSIA 등고도 분석결과, 두 균주에 대한 선택적인 살균활성은 N-phenyl 고리상 X-치환기와 S-phenyl 고리상 R-치환기의 구조변화로 이루어질 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.348-356
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• 2011

Objective : The safety and efficacy of various fusion substitutes in pyogenic osteomyelitis has not been investigated. We evaluated and compared the cadaveric allograft and titanium cages used to reconstruct, maintain alignment and achieve fusion in the management of pyogenic spinal infection. Methods : There were 33 patients with pyogenic osteomyelitis underwent fusion in this study. Fifteen of the 33 patients were operated on by fusion with allografts (cadaveric patella bones) and 18 of those were operated with titanium mesh cages filled with autologous cancellous iliac bone. After the affected disc and vertebral body resection with pus drainage, cadaveric allograft or titanium cages were inserted into the resected space. Posterior transpedicular screw fixation and rod compression in resected space, where cadaveric allograft or titanium cages were inserted, was performed to prevent the malposition in all patients except in 1 case. Recurrent infection was identified by serial erythrocyte sedimentation rate and cross reactive protein follow-up. Osseous union and recurred infection available at a minimum of 2 years following operation was identified. The amount of kyphosis correction and the subsidence were measured radiographically. Results : Spinal fusion was achieved in 29 of 33 patients. In the cadaveric allograft group, 93.3% of patient (14 of 15) showed the osseous union while 83.3% of patient (15 of 18) in the titanium cage group showed union. Subsidence was noted in 12 of the patients. Twelve patients (36.3%) showed unsettling amounts of subsidence postoperatively whereas 46.6% of patients in the cadaveric allograft group and 37.7% of patients in the titanium cage group showed similar subsidence, respectively. There were statistical difference in the fusion rate (p=0.397) and subsidence rate (p=0.276) between the two groups. There was significant statistical difference in the postoperative improvement of segmental kyphosis between the two groups (p=0.022), that is the improvement in sagittal alignment was greater in the titanium cage group than in the cadaveric allograft group. There was no case of recurred infection. Conclusion : The cadaveric allograft and titanium cages are effective and safe in restoring and maintaining sagittal plane alignment without increased incidence in infection recurrence in pyogenic osteomyelitis. The postoperative improvement of segmental kyphosis was better in the cage group.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.412-418
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• 2006

Objective : The safety of titanium metal cages in tuberculous spondylitis has not been investigated. We evaluated the outcome and complications of titanium mesh cages for reconstruction after thoracolumbar vertebrectomy in the tuberculous spondylitis. Methods : There were 17 patients with 18 operations on the tuberculous spondylitis in this study. Sixteen patients were operated with anterior corpectomy and reconstruction with titanium mesh cage followed by posterior transpedicular screw fixations on same day, two pateints were operated by either anterior or posterior approach only. After the affected vertebral body resection and pus drainage from the psoas muscle, titanium mesh cage, filled with morselized autogenous bone, was inserted. All the patients had antituberculosis medication for 18 months. The degree of kyphosis correction and the subsidence of cage were measured in the 15 patients available at a minimum of 2 years. Outcome was assessed with various cross-sectional outcome measures. Recurrent infection was identified by serial ESR[Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate] and CRP[Cross Reactive Protein]. Results : There was no complication from the use of a titanium mesh cage. Recurrent infection was not detected in any case. Average preoperative of $9.2^{\circ}$ was reduced to $-2^{\circ}$ at immediate postoperative period, and on final follow up period kyphotic angle was measured to be $4.5^{\circ}$. Postoperatively, subsidence was detected in most patients especially at ambulation period, however further subsidence was prevented by the titanium mesh cage. Osseous union was identified in all cases at the final follow-up. Conclusion : The cylindrical mesh cage is a successful instrument in restoring and maintaining sagittal plane alignment without infection recurrence after vertebrectomy for tuberculous spondylitis.