• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.257-265
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• 1996

To obtain the basic informations necessary to develop the production technology of vegetable soybean seeds, this study was conducted at the National Crop Experiment Station, RDA, Suwon, Korea in 1993. Seeds of three vegetable soybean varieties, 'Mikawashima', 'Hwaeomputkong', and 'Seokryangputkong' produced at Pyeongchang, a highland in Korea and introduced from Japan were planted on April 20 in the field. The emergence rate among varieties was significanlty different. Emergence rate of seeds produced at Pyeongchang was higher by 7% than that of the seeds from Japan. Rate of pod infection by Phamapsis spp., brown spot by Septaria glycines, soybean mosaic virus(SMV), and downy mildew by Peronospora manshurica in the field was not different between locations. The growth characteristics, yield components, and green pod and grain yields were not different between locations. Therefore, it was proved that the production of vegetable soybean seeds with the better quality and higher emergence is possible in highland, Korea. possible in highland, Korea.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.372-379
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• 2013

The present study was investigated the effect of planting density on plant growth and yield of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Sowing density is one of the most important factors affecting yield. The value of roots have affected by shape, color, weight and degree of disease injury in ginseng. Also, it needed to minimize elapsed time for 5 years including pre-planting field management and cultivation period. We were conducted to evaluate that planting densities and varieties on the growth, yield and missing rate. The direct sowing was treated seeds density as a four levels (seeds; 72, 90, 120, 144) and 10 different varieties with 3 years old ginseng roots. Root weight was significantly affected by planting density and variety, but the number of lateral root and yield were affected by only planting density. Growth index was related to variety and planting density. Also, Root shape index was affected by both varieties and planting densities. Suitable planting density and variety were 120 plant per 1.62 $m^2$ and Gopoong, respectively. Results showed that it was also a significant difference (p=5%) in variety of planting density on growth.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.66 no.2
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• pp.112-119
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• 2021

In order to develop a safe seeding technology for low-density transplantation, we analyzed the changes in seeding growth according to different seeding rates and seeding days. We detected changes in leaf number and shoot diameter on the 10th seeding day, and in plant height on the 20th seeding day according to seeding rate. The increase in shoot and leaf number, and shoot diameter per seeding day decreased with anincrease in seeding rate. On seeding day 20, the reductions in shoot and root dry weights according to seeding rate was lower compared with those recorded at seeding day 10. Shoot dry weight was significantly related to root dry weight, plant height, and shoot diameter. With an increase in seeding rate, seeding health decreased and there was an increase in the rate of seeding health per seeding day decreased. For low-density transplantation, the optimal number of seeds required for transplanting 3-5 plants per hill is 11,000, which is estimated to be approximately 280-300 g of seeds for 22 g brown rice. Furthermore, the appropriate number of seeding days is estimated to be 13 to 16 days, which corresponds to a small reduction in seeding health.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.488-495
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• 2009

In recent years, an increasing amount of research has been conducted on the yield loss of soybean crop caused by Riptortus clavatus, a serious pest of legumes. The objective of this study were to examine crop damage caused by various population densities of R. clavatus and determine the association of unique growth and seed characteristics with crop damage rate in conventional soybean fields. Major growth responses to R. clavatus were examined. The cultivars that were not as seriously damaged by R. clavatus were Pungsannamulkong, Sobaegknamulkong, Duyoukong, and Sinpaldal 2, but Myeongjunamulkong, Mallikong, and Hwangkeumkong were significantly (P<0.05) damaged. The rate of seed damage caused by R. clavatus was 8.2% in a group of brown colored pubescence, while the rate was 13.0% in a group of the gray colored. Crop damage by R. clavatus clearly more reduced in cultivars with dark hilum colors including dark brown, brown, and grayish brown than those with yellow hilum colors. Concerning pod colors, crop damage was less significant in cultivars with dark brown pod color than with the light brown. Cultivars with short pod length (4.0-4.5 cm) at full seed (R6) stage showed lower seed damage rates by R. clavatus than those with long pod length (>5.6 cm). Therefore, characteristics of hilum, pod, pubescence colors, and pod length were significantly related and linked to the cultivar resistance to R. clavatus.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.86-92
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• 1992

Green buckwheat seedlings have been used as a pollution free vegetable and medicinal crop for a long time. Some of the reasons are the rapid growth rate, the high protein and rutincontent, and a more favorable ratio of leaf to stem than mature plants. Off-crop season cultivation techniques were developed for growing the young and green buckwheat vegetable of higher quality and yield, and for its increased value-added income. The effects of planting season, seeding rate, seed bed soil fertility and type, and seedling growth period on yield and rutin content were determined for vegetable and medicinal use. The young vegetable yields. in the off season culture ranged from 2.62t/ha to 22.7t /ha. The highest vegetable yield was 22.7t /ha for 25 days old seedlings grown in the polyethylene film tunnel from March 30 to April 25, 1991 where seedling rate was 360kg /ha. Buckwheat vegetable quality and income were dependent upon planting season, seeding rate, growing duration and temperature, and facilities of raising seedlings. Protein content of buck-wheat seedlings was from 21.5% to 17.2%. Rutin content of the vegetable was 53.9～31.7mg /100g for the whole plant in average. The protein and rutin content was significantly varied due to the different environmental conditions including fertility and type of seed bed soil, growing duration, temperature of the green house, and polyethylene film house and tunnel.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.392-396
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• 2003

This study was carried out to determine plant growth and bolting characteristics of Angelica gigas. Three varieties and/or lines Manchu bolting resistant variety, AGJ90-1 medium type line, and bolting Jinbu local were used for field trial in Suwon. FIve different transplanting times were applied on March 25, April 5, April 15, April 25, and May 5th. Survival rate was decreased by the delayed transplantation and it affected after April 25th respectively. Plant growth by the early transplantation showed the best growth during the beginning stage and recognized signifiquence but not by the late transplantation. Bolting rate revealed severe different by the variety and line, it ranged from $10{\sim}8.1%$ of Manchu, $5.9{\sim}20.3%$ of AGJ90-1, and $58.5{\sim}74.6%$ of Jinbu local clearly. By the treatment of transplantation time bolting rate was different, early plantation showed high bolting rate compare to the late plantation from the all of tested variety and lines. Bolting response according to the transplanting time, bolting resistant variety showed insensibility and boling line showed sensitive response. In Manchu root yield was best when planted on April 5th as 389 kg /10a, in case of AGJ90-1 was determined 377 kg/10a when planted on April 15th, and Jinbu local root yield was showed 133 kg/10a planted on April 25.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.93-101
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• 2008

The effects of $CO_2$ enrichment on growth of maize (Zea mays L.) were examined. Parameters analyzed include growth characteristics, yields, photosynthetic rates, evaporation rates and photosynthesis-related characteristics under elevated $CO_2$. The plants were grown in growth chambers with a 12-h photoperiod and a day/night temperature of $28/21^{\circ}C$ at the seedling stage and $30/23^{\circ}C$ from the silking stage. The plants were exposed to two elevated $CO_2$ of 500, 700ppm and ambient levels (350 ppm). Chalok 1 and GCB 70 germinated three days after seeding, and germination rates were faster in the elevated $CO_2$ than the control. Germination rates displayed significant differences among the $CO_2$ treatments. At the seedling stage, leaf area, top dry weight, and photosynthetic rates, and plant height indicated positive relationship with elevated $CO_2$ concentrations. At the $5{\sim}6$ leaf stage, $CO_2$ concentration also indicated positive relationship with plant height, leaf area, top dry weight, and photosynthetic rates. At the silking stage, increased plant height of Chalok 1 was noted in the $CO_2$ treatments compared to the control. No significant differences were noted for GCB 70, in which leaf area decreased but photosynthetic rates increased progressively with $CO_2$ concentration. Stomatal aperture was a little bigger in the elevated $CO_2$ than the control. $CO_2$ concentration was negatively related to stomatal conductance and transpiration rates, resulting in high water use efficiency.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.100-104
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the salinity on growth, inorganic ion content, and photosynthetic rate ($\textrm{P}^{N}$) in Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) with complex fertilizer (CF) and NaCl concentrations. The salinity was applied to plant using NaCl and CF, and controlled an EC as 0.0, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 dS $\textrm{m}^{-1}$. The salinity treated three times at 35, 42 and 49 d after transplanting. The leaf area in different electrical conductivity (EC) decreased only the higher NaCl 1.0 dS $\textrm{m}^{-1}$. The root growth increased with CF and especially, it was two times higher at 3.0 dS $\textrm{m}^{-1}$ than that of control. But the root growth sharply decreased with NaCl compared to CF. The light saturation point of Korean ginseng was around 100 $\mu\textrm{mol}\;\textrm{m}^{-2}\textrm{s}^{-1}$ photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and $\textrm{P}^{N}$ increased as CF increased but decreased with NaCl especially at the late growth stage. The $\textrm{Na}^{+}$ content in Korean ginseng increased sharply with NaCl.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.174-177
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• 2011

Green manure crops play an important role in organic farming. Field experiment was conducted at paddy soil (fine loamy, mixed, nonacid, mesic family of Aeric Fluvaquentic Endoquepts) in 2008/2009 to 2009/2010 at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA, Suwon, Gyeonggi province, Korea. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the biomass of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) and growth of rice (Oryza sativa) by different seeding rates. Seeding rates of hairy vetch consisted of 30, 60, and 90 kg $ha^{-1}$ by broadcasting before rice harvesting. The biomass and nitrogen production of hairy vetch were not significantly different between 60 kg $ha^{-1}$ and 90 kg $ha^{-1}$ of seedinq rates. Also, rice yield was not significantly different between seeding rate 60 kg $ha^{-1}$ of hairy vetch and conventional practice for two years. Therefore, we suggested that seeding rate of hairy vetch should be reduced by continuous cropping and incorporation of hairy vetch under rice-based cropping system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.181-181
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• 2017

Global warming and climate change have been one of the most important problems last 2 decades. Global warming is known to cause abnormal climate and influence ecology, food production and human health. According to climate change model global warming is causing expansion of drought and increase of evaporation. Therefore, securing water in agriculture has been an important issue for crop cultivation. As potato is susceptible to drought, water shortage generally results in decrease of yield and decrease of biomass. In this research, we investigated characteristics of inorganic nutrient absorption and growth of plants grown under drought condition. Plants were sampled in sites of Cheong-ju and Gangneung, where the severity of drought stress were different. During the growth period in Gangneung, total rainfall in 2016 decreased by 50% compared with those in last 5 years average. Especially, there was almost no rain in tuber enlargement period (from mid-May to mid-June). On the other hand, the total rainfall in of Cheong-ju was is similar to those in last 5 years average. Inorganic components including K, Ca and Mg and plant growth factors such as plant length, stem length, leaf area index and plant biomass were investigated. Tuber yields in both areas were investigated at harvest. Growth period of plants was is longer in Cheong-ju than that in Gangneung. Contents of all inorganic components were higher in plants grown in Cheong-ju than in Gangneung. The results were attributed to higher production of plant biomass in Cheong-ju. Considering the results, severe drought stress conditions in Gangneung accelerated plant aging and resulted in low plant growth. Although total yield was greatly reduced under drought stress the rate of commercial yield was is not significantly different with non-drought conditions.