• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보과학회 2012년도 한국컴퓨터종합학술대회논문집 Vol.39 No.1(B)
• /
• pp.135-137
• /
• 2012

Safety Critical 시스템은 예상치 못한 오류가 발생했을 시 인명, 재산 및 심각한 환경 피해 등이 발생 할 수 있는 임베디드 시스템이다. Safety Critical 시스템에는 많은 위험성들이 잠재적으로 존재하기 때문에 치명적인 사고가 발생할 수 있다. 이러한 문제를 방지하기 위해 시스템에 존재하는 위험성을 분석하는 활동이 중요시 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Safety Critical 시스템의 잠재적인 위험성들을 분석하고 이를 아키텍처 설계에 반영함으로써 시스템의 안전성을 향상시키기 위한 Hazard Perspective를 제안한다. 제안하는 Hazard Perspective는 위험성 분석으로 산출된 정보들과 SSR(System Safety Requirement)을 시스템의 안전을 보장하기 위해 제시된 여러 Safety Architectural Tactics와 매핑하여 아키텍처 설계에 반영시킴으로써 시스템의 안전성을 향상시키도록 한다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.279-293
• /
• 2009

Quantitative risk assessments are related to implementing hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) by its potential involvement in identifying critical control points (CCPs), validating critical limits at a CCP, enabling rational designs of new processes, and products to meet required level of safety, and evaluating processing operations for verification procedures. The quantitative risk assessment is becoming a standard research tool which provides useful predictions and analyses on microbial risks and, thus, a valuable aid in implementing a HACCP system. This paper provides a review of microbial modeling in quantitative risk assessments, which can be applied to HACCP systems.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제36권8호
• /
• pp.1340-1351
• /
• 2006

Purpose. To determine and compare the perception among nurses and doctors of the roles and tasks of critical care advanced practice nurses (APNs) in order to establish standardized and formally agreed role criteria for such critical care APNs. Method. This study measured and analyzed the necessity of each of the roles and tasks of critical care APNs, as perceived by nurses and doctors, through a survey of 121 participants: 71 nurses in 7 intensive care units (ICUs) at a general hospital in Seoul, and 50 doctors who used ICUs. Data collection utilized a questionnaire of 128 questions in the following fields: direct practice (79), leadership and change agent (17), consultation and collaboration (15), education and counseling (11), and research (6). Results. Both the nurses' and the doctors' groups confirmed the necessity of critical care APNs, with doctors who frequently used ICUs indicating a particularly strong need. As for the priority of each role of critical care APNs, the nurses considered direct practice to be the most critical, followed by education and counseling, research, consultation and collaboration, and leadership and change agent. The doctors also considered direct practice to be the most critical, followed by education and counseling, consultation and collaboration, research, and leadership and change agent. There was a statistically significant difference between how the two groups regarded all the roles, except for the consultation and collaboration roles. As for the necessity of each role of critical care APNs, the nurses considered research to be the most necessary, followed by education and counseling, consultation and collaboration, leadership and change agent, and direct practice. The doctors, on the other hand, considered education and counseling to be the most necessary, followed by research, consultation and collaboration, leadership and change agent, and direct practice. The responses of the two groups to all the roles, except for education and counseling roles, were significantly different. Conclusion. Nurses and doctors have different perceptions of the roles and tasks of critical care APNs. Thus, it is necessary for the combined nursing and medical fields to reach an official agreement on a set of criteria to standardize for the roles and tasks of critical care APNs.

• 치위생과학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2019

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of critical thinking and good communication skills on the problem-solving abilities of dental hygiene students. Methods: A total of 508 dental hygiene students were convenience-sampled from 3 universities. Results: The results revealed that critical thinking had the highest intellectual fairness score of 3.60, and systematicity was the lowest at 3.19. The values for communication skills were high in reaction, social adequacy, and concentration, with an average of 3.65. Problem-solving abilities were in the following order: clarification of the problem, seeking solutions, and decision making. According to general characteristics, more extroverted personalities possessed higher levels of critical thinking, communication skills, and problem-solving abilities (p<0.01). Critical thinking scores were high (p=0.016) in students who responded that peer relationship was difficult; however, their communication skills were the lowest (p<0.001). Additionally, problem-solving abilities were highest among students who reported a difficult peer relationship (p=0.001). The higher the satisfaction with dental hygiene academics, the higher the critical thinking, communication skill, and problem-solving ability (p<0.001). Critical thinking showed a high positive correlation with variables in the following order: clarification of the problem, performing the solutions, seeking solutions, decision making, and evaluation and reflection. The communication skills were also related to these variables listed above (p<0.01). With critical thinking, confidence, watchfulness, intellectual passion/curiosity, sound skepticism, objectivity, and systematicity all influenced the problem-solving ability. Conclusion: Communication skills were influenced by noise control, putting on the other's shoe, social tensions, and efficiency, which affected the problem-solving ability. Dental clinics require dental hygienists to have critical thinking to make analytical judgments and effective communication skills to solve human relation problems with patients and care-givers. Therefore, these skills should be developed in dental hygiene students to improve their problem-solving abilities.

• 과학기술학연구
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.439-467
• /
• 2001

과학문화의 발전을 위해서는 체계적이고 계획적인 프로그램이 있어야 한다. 그러한 프로그램은 과학하는 방법에 대한 과학철학적 이해를 기초로 삼아 마련되어야 한다. 이를 위해 그 동안 과학철학사상 가장 두드러진 학파들을 1) '규범적' 과학철학, 2) '역사적' 과학철학, 3) '자연화된' 과학철학의 세 가지로 정리한 다음, 각각의 입장들을 하나로 통합해낼 수 있는 입장을 <비판적 구성주의>로 명명 제안한다. 그리고 비판적 구성주의는 지금까지의 '과학하는 방법'에 대한 기술적-규범적 이해를 종합적으로 검토한 바탕 위에 성립된 입장으로서 '과학학'이라는 간학문적 접근을 매개할 수 있는 과학학 방법론의 기초로 가장 적당하다는 주장과 그 근거를 제시한다. 아울러 '비판적 구성주의'에 기초한 과학문화 발전 프로그램이 지속적이고 체계적인 '과학문화 발전 프로그램'의 철학적 기초로서 적절한 이유를 제시한다.

• 경영과학
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.89-105
• /
• 2001

The performance of Cellular Manufacturing (CM) systems has been rigorously investigated during the last two decades, but the extent of empirical research on CM is limited. A major objective of this study is to examine the relationship between critical success factors, employees' implementation attitudes and performance of CM systems. Two hypothesis were formulated &d Tested: (1) The impact of critical success factors on performance and to what extent does certain critical success factors correlate with performance\ulcorner (2) How does the relationship between critical success factors and performance differ by employees' implementation attitudes\ulcorner Results from the study provide partial support for relationship between critical success factors (infrastructure, organizational immersion, autonomous management) and performance. The results also show that differences in performance of organizations grouped by degree of employees' attitudes could be found.

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국초전도학회 2008년도 High Temperature Superconductivity Vol.XVIII
• /
• pp.16-16
• /
• 2008

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제24권11호
• /
• pp.1535-1539
• /
• 2000

A sonic nozzle is used as a reference flow meter in the area of gas flow rate measurement. The critical pressure ratio of sonic nozzle is an important factor in maintaining its operating condition. ISO9300 suggested the critical pressure ratio of sonic nozzle as a function of area ratio. In this study, 13 sonic nozzles were made by the design of ISC9300 with different half diffuser angles of 2。 to 8。 and throat diameters of 0.28 to 4.48 mm. The test results of half diffuser angles below 8。 ar quite similar to those of ISO9300. On the other hand, the critical pressure ratio for the nozzle of 8。 decreases by 5.5% in comparison with ISO9300. However, ISO9300 does not predict the critical pressure ratio at lower Reynolds numbers than 10(sup)5. Therefore, it is found that it is a better way for the flow of low Reynolds number to express the critical pressure ratio of sonic nozzle as a function of Reynolds number than area ratios. A correlation equation of critical pressure is introduced with uncertainty $\pm$3.2 % at 95% confidence level.

• 통합자연과학논문집
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.58-68
• /
• 2019

Critical thinking is essential to implementing the nursing process requiring timely decision making. The study examined the effects of a critical thinking course for nurses in the RN-BSN program. The study used a pre- and post-test design with a control group. The experimental group was a convenience sample of 24 working nurses attending a health college. The control group was 24 fellow nurses. The nursing process-based critical thinking course was provided to the experimental group two and half hours a week for 8 weeks. Teaching methods included lectures followed by a summary and quiz, brainstorming and action learning, and lecturer feedback. A pamphlet about views of professional occupation was provided to the control group. The data were collected using self-report questionnaires and analyzed to examine differences in the test scores before and after the intervention. The scores of critical thinking disposition, problem-solving process, and clinical competence increased significantly in the experimental group but did not in the control group. The difference between the two groups was also statistically significant in critical thinking disposition, problem-solving process, and clinical competence. It is necessary that a robust educational program or training to enhance critical thinking ability of nurses are provided in clinical settings and that nurses keep going on thinking critically in their practice.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.771-780
• /
• 2016

Detecting a set of longest paths is one of the crucial steps in static timing analysis and optimization. Recently, the process variation during manufacturing affects performance of the circuit design due to nanometer feature size. Measuring the performance of a circuit prior to its fabrication requires a considerable amount of computation time because it requires multi-corner and multi-mode analysis with process variations. An efficient algorithm of detecting the K-most critical paths in multi-corner multi-mode static timing analysis (MCMM STA) is proposed in this paper. The ISCAS'85 benchmark suite using a 32 nm technology is applied to verify the proposed method. The proposed K-most critical paths detection method reduces about 25% of computation time on average.