• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.547-554
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• 2022

This paper studies the static stability of an axially graded column with the power-law gradient varying along the axial direction. For a nonhomogeneous column with one end linked to a rotational spring and loaded by a compressive force, respectively, an Euler problem is analyzed by solving a boundary value problem of an ordinary differential equation with varying coefficients. Buckling loads through the characteristic equation with the aid of the Bessel functions are exactly given. An alternative way to approximately determine buckling loads through the integral equation method is also presented. By comparing approximate buckling loads with the exact ones, the approximate solution is simple in form and enough accurate for varying power-law gradients. The influences of the gradient index and the rotational spring stiffness on the critical forces are elucidated. The critical force and mode shapes at buckling are presented in graph. The critical force given here may be used as a benchmark to check the accuracy and effectiveness of numerical solutions. The approximate solution provides a feasible approach to calculating the buckling loads and to assessing the loss of stability of columns in engineering.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2023

A grid-connected inverter can be used in grid-connected or stand-alone modes. Generally, a grid-connected inverter operates in a grid-connected mode, but the inverter operates in stand-alone mode if grid faults occur. In the stand-alone mode, the grid-connected inverter must supply electric power to a critical load that needs to receive stable power even though grid faults occur. Generally, three-phase loads are used as critical loads, but a single phase is configured in some cases. In these conditions, the critical load is required to unbalance the load power consumption, which makes the three-phase load voltage unbalancd. This unbalanced voltage problem can cause fatal problems to the three-phase critical loads, and thus must be addressed. Hence, this paper proposes an algorithm to solve this unbalanced voltage problem by the individual phase current control. The proposed method is verified using Psim simulation and experiments.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2006

콘크리트 포장은 모서리(Edge) 부분에 차량 하중이 작용할 때 큰 응력을 받게 되며 이러한 응력은 포장의 거동 및 장기 공용성에 영향을 미친다. 따라서 본 연구는 콘크리트 포장의 유한요소 모델을 사용하여 콘크리트 포장의 모서리 부분에 복륜 단축, 복륜 복축, 복륜 삼축 등 복륜 다축 하중의 한쪽 차륜이 접하여 작용할 때 포장의 응력 분포와 최대 응력을 분석하기 위하여 수행되었다. 우선 종방향과 횡방향을 따라 응력의 분포 형태를 분석하였고, 콘크리트 슬래브의 두께, 콘크리트 탄성계수, 지반 탄성계수 등이 응력 분포에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 또한 하중 접지면적과 연관된 하중 접지압의 변화에 따른 콘크리트 포장의 응력 분포도 분석하였다. 그리고 콘크리트 포장에서 최대 응력이 어느 위치에서 발생하는지에 대한 연구도 수행하였다. 연구 결과 모서리부 하중에 의한 콘크리트 포장의 최대 응력은 콘크리트의 탄성계수가 증가할수록, 슬래브의 두께가 감소할수록, 그리고 지반 탄성계수가 감소할수록 증가하였다. 하중 접지압의 변화에 따른 최대 응력은 콘크리트 탄성계수와 지반 탄성계수의 크기에 따라서는 거의 일정한 변화를 보였으나 슬래브 두께는 얇아질수록 접지압에 따른 최대 응력의 변화가 뚜렷이 보였다. 최대 응력이 생기는 횡방향의 위치는 콘크리트 탄성계수와 지반 탄성계수에는 무관하게 일정하다. 하지만 슬래브의 두께는 두꺼워질수록 최대 응력의 횡방향 상 위치가 모서리에서 내부로 이동한다. 종방향의 최대 응력이 생기는 위치는 단축과 복축 하중일 경우는 축의 위치이며, 삼축 하중일 경우에는 콘크리트 탄성계수나 슬래브 두께가 증가하던지 또는 지반 탄성계수가 감소하면 최대 응력이 생기는 종방향 상 위치가 양쪽 바깥축에서 중간축의 위치로 바뀌게 된다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.695-702
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• 2006

본 연구는 콘크리트 포장에 복륜 단축, 복륜 복축, 복륜 삼축 등 복륜 다축 차량 하중이 작용할 때 포장의 응력 분포와 최대 응력을 변환영역에서의 해석법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 우선 변환영역에서의 해석법을 이용한 결과와 유한요소법을 이용한 결과를 비교하여 해석법의 정확성을 파악하였다. 그리고 종방향과 횡방향을 따라 응력의 분포형태를 분석하고, 콘크리트 슬래브의 두께, 콘크리트 탄성계수, 지반 탄성계수 등이 응력 분포에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 또한 하중 접지면적과 연관된 하중 접지압의 변화에 따른 콘크리트 포장의 응력 분포도 분석하였으며 콘크리트 포장에서 최대 응력이 어느 위치에서 발생하는지에 대한 연구도 수행하였다. 연구 결과 다축 하중에 의한 콘크리트 포장의 최대 응력은 콘크리트의 탄성계수가 증가할수록, 슬래브의 두께가 감소할수록, 그리고 지반 탄성계수가 감소할수록 증가하였다. 이러한 변수 등이 변할 때 축수에 따른 최대 응력 비율의 변화는 대체적으로 미소하지만 지반 탄성계수가 작을 때는 축수가 증가 할수록 최대 응력 비율이 급격히 증가한다. 횡방향의 최대 응력 발생 위치는 일반적으로는 접지압이 증가하면 바깥쪽에서 안쪽으로 이동하며 콘크리트 탄성계수나 슬래브 두께가 증가하거나 지반 탄성계수가 감소할 때도 최대 응력 발생 위치는 바깥쪽에서 안쪽으로 이동한다. 종방향 상의 최대 응력 위치는 하중 접지압에 영향을 받지 않으며 단축과 복축 하중일 경우는 축의 위치이며 삼축 하중일 경우에는 콘크리트 탄성계수나 슬래브 두께가 증가하던지 또는 지반 탄성계수가 감소하면 최대 응력이 생기는 종방향 위치가 양쪽 바깥축에서 중간축의 위치로 바뀌게 된다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.389-394
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• 2001

The notched Charpy and Izod impact tests arc the most prevalent techniques used to characterize the effects of high impulse loads on ploymeric materials. An analysis method for rubber toughened PVC is suggested to evaluate critical strain energy release rates(Gc) from the Charpy impact energy measurements. An Instrumented Charpy impact tester was used to extract ancillary information concerning fracture properties in addition to total fracture properties and maximum critical loads. The stress intensity factor Kd was computed for varying amounts of rubber contents from the obtained maximum critical loads and also toughening effects were investigated as well.

• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한안전경영과학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.219-231
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• 2004

The Charpy and Izod impact tests are the most prevalent techniques used to characterize the effects of high impulse loads on polymeric materials. An analysis method for rubber toughened PVC is suggested to evaluated critical dynamic strain energy release rates(G$_c$) from the Charpy impact tester was used to extract ancillary information concerning fracture parameters in additional to total fracture energies and maximum critical loads. The dynamic stress intensity factor KID was computed for varying amounts of rubber contents from the obtain maximum critical loads and also toughening effects were investigated as well. The fracture surfaces produced under low velocity impact for PVC/MBS composites were investigated by SEM. The results show that MBS rubber is very effective reinforcement material for toughening PVC.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.105-114
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• 2012

The study of rigid roadway pavement under dynamic traffic loads with variable velocity is investigated in this paper. Rigid roadway pavement is modeled as a rectangular damped orthotropic plate supported by elastic Pasternak foundation. The boundary supports of the plate are the steel dowels and tie bars which provide elastic vertical support and rotational restraint. The natural frequencies of the system and the mode shapes are solved using two transcendental equations, obtained from the solution of two auxiliary Levy's type problems, known as the Modified Bolotin Method. The dynamic moving traffic load is expressed as a concentrated load of harmonically varying magnitude, moving straight along the plate with a variable velocity. The dynamic response of the plate is obtained on the basis of orthogonality properties of eigenfunctions. Numerical example results show that the velocity and the angular frequency of the loads affected the maximum dynamic deflection of the rigid roadway pavement. It is also shown that a critical speed of the load exists. If the moving traffic load travels at critical speed, the rectangular plate becomes infinite in amplitude.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.19-33
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• 1999

The critical buckling loads of unsymmetrically laminated rectangular plates with a given material system and subjected to combined lateral and inplane loads are maximized with respect to fiber orientations by using a sequential linear programming method together with a simple move-limit strategy. Significant influence of plate aspect ratios, central circular cutouts, lateral loads and end conditions on the optimal fiber orientations and the associated optimal buckling loads of unsymmetrically laminated plates has been shown through this investigation.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.1061-1076
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• 2016

Prefabricated Modular Buildings are increasingly becoming popular in the construction industry as a method to achieve financially economical buildings in a very short construction time. This increasing demand for modular construction has expanded into multi-storey applications where the effect of lateral loads such as seismic loads becomes critical. However, there is a lack of detailed scientific research that has explored the behaviour of modular buildings and their connection systems against seismic loads. This paper will therefore present the nonlinear time history analysis of a multi-storey modular building against several ground motion records. The critical elements that need special attention in designing a modular building in similar seismic conditions is discussed with a deeper explanation of the behaviour of the overall system.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.495-508
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• 2020

To investigate the structural behaviour of grouped tanks under wind loads, 2 problems need to be figured out, wind pressures on tank shells and critical loads of the shell under these pressure distribution patterns. Following the wind tunnel tests described in the companion paper, this paper firstly seeks to obtain wind loads on the external wall in a squarely-arranged cylindrical tank group by numerical simulation, considering various layouts. The outcomes demonstrate that the numerical method can provide similar results on wind pressures and better insights on grouping effects through extracted streamlines. Then, geometrically nonlinear analyses are performed using several selected potentially unfavourable wind pressure distributions. It is found that the critical load is controlled by limit point buckling when the tank is empty while excessive deformations when the tank is full. In particular, significant reductions of wind resistance are found on grouped full tanks compared to the isolated tank, considering both serviceability and ultimate limit state, which should receive special attention if the tank is expected to resist severe wind loads with the increase of liquid level.