• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.348-359
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• 1997

This paper reviews cooling aspects of the diverter system in Tokamak fusion devices with primary emphasis on the critical heat flux (CHF) issues for oater-cooled designs. General characteristics of four (4) coolant options for diverter cooling gases, oater, liquid metal, and organic liquid - are discussed first, focusing on the comparison of advantages and disadvantages of those options. Then results of recent studies on the high-heat-flux CHF of water at subcooled high-velocity conditions are reviewed to provide a general idea on the feasibility of the water-cooled diverter concept for future Tokamak fusion reactors. Water is assessed to be the most viable and practical coolant option for diverters of future experimental Tokamaks.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.35-49
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• 2003

SI(System Integration) Projects need more efficient project processes. Having efficient contracting laws and regulations is one of the critical success factors for SI industry growth. Former researches developed a framework for efficient contracting laws and regulations for SI industry based on the characteristics of SI business and SI industry. However, the effectiveness of the proposed framework has not been analyzed. This paper tests the validity and effectiveness of the proposed framework. Emprical analysis has been performed to show consensus of each interested parties. Developers and outsourcers have some conflicts in several critical issues of SI project processes. However, comprehensive analysis shows overall consensus among interested parties.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.1-20
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• 2017

Centered on Kathleen Kye, a designer who conveyed messages on social issues through her dresses, and established her own identity, this study aimed to examine what theme, method of expression and inner meaning her 'statement' had, as a way of expressing a critical awareness. After reviewing discussions by Duggan G. G. as well as dictionary definitions, statement fashion design can be defined as a work or fashion shows containing a message of a designer who is free from a particular trend or consumerism in various social issues. Statement fashion designers give opposing messages on social issues through their fashion collections. As a result, research shows that contemporary statement fashion designers are expressing themes of a fashion systems, fetishism, body image, collision, environment, as well as the socially disadvantaged by appropriation, reuse, slogan, metaphorical pattern and performance. Satire, awakening, challenge and support can be derived from the inner meaning of contemporary statement fashion design. In terms of the theme, method of expression and inner meaning, this study showed that KYE collection of the designer Kathleen Kye expresses critical awareness on the modern society. Research findings reveal that KYE collection include the following themes: long-term youth unemployment, conflict collision in war or on the Internet, fetishism by youth in a get-rich-quick fever, environmental issue causing destruction of an ecosystem by decrease in bee population, school violence and the socially disadvantaged related to alienated immigrants. Also, as a method of expression themes, such as metaphorical patterns, were used. The patterns used images including a skeleton, gun, heart, rope, plaster, homeless box, bee, honeycomb, chain and a slot machine. On the other hand, the inner meaning of statement in KYE collection showed satire on social issues, awakening on social issues unrecognized by the masses, and support for the socially disadvantaged.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.443-450
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• 2012

As power grids are integrated into one big umbrella (i.e., Smart Grid), communication network plays a key role in reliable and stable operation of power grids. For successful operation of smart grid, interoperability and security issues must be resolved. Security means providing network system integrity, authentication, and confidentiality service. For a cyber-attack to a power grid system, which may jeopardize the national security, vulnerability of communication infrastructure has a serious impact on the power grid network. While security aspects of power grid network have been studied much, security mechanisms are rarely adopted in power gird communication network. For security issues, strict timing requirements are defined in IEC 61850 for mission critical messages (i.e., GOOSE). In this paper, we apply security algorithms (i.e., MD-5, SHA-1, and RSA) and measure their processing time and transmission delay of secured mission critical messages. The results show the algorithms satisfying the timing requirements defined in IEC 61850 and we observer the algorithm that is optimal for secure communication of mission critical messages. Numerical analysis shows that SHA-1 is preferable for secure GOOSE message sending.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.29-41
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• 2009

In the last thirty years, societal changes have affected Korean families at a fast pace. Some of these changes include the fall of childbirth rate, expansion of women in the workforce, delay of first marriages, and rise of divorces, remarriages, and international marriages. These new trends have created and diversified new contexts for family structures and parent-child relationships. Both parents and children are now confronted with a myriad of new challenges and in need of understanding the newly transformed-family environments in respond to new ecological pressures. Contemporary issues concerning parent-child relationships are discussed by analyzing the new trends and research issues on particular social issues and pressures. Future policy issues are discussed based on these analyses combined with the critical impact of the parent-child relationships on child development.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.90-108
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• 1995

In the recent years, there has been a remarkable growth in the popularity of health education and health promotion. Health educators are increasingly confronting serious ethical quandars. Health educators need to be fully prepared to meet the challenges presented by these situations. The objectives of this study are as follows: 1. It explores some fundamental concepts concerning ethics, morals, and values. 2. It identifies several critical ethical issues confronting the field of health education with which individual health educators must wrestle during the course of their careers. 3. It examines the process of applying ethical principles to guide rational resolution of complex value-laden issues and moral dilemmas. 4. Collectively, these provide health educators with a basic understanding of ethics and how ethics may be used to facilitate sound decision making. This study challenges health educators to consider the ethical issues and implications associated with certain practices or advances in the field of education.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.184-193
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to determine the detailed customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction factors of family restaurants in Korea, and to then classify the factors into 3 groups, inlcuding core service, quality service, and basic service. ‘Core service’ represents the critical factors that generate both satisfaction and dissatisfaction; ‘quality service’ generates only satisfaction; and ‘basic service’ generates only dissatisfaction. This categorization is based on Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory (1976) as well as Cadotte & Turgeon (1988). Based on the characteristics of the three groups, differentiation strategies in managing customer service were suggested to the family restaurant managers. A qualitative research method, termed the critical incident technique (CIT), was used in the study. This method helps researchers find new factors or attributes by grouping key issues from the anecdotes (critical incidents) and then categorizing common factors from the key issues. This research categorized key satisfiers and dissatisfiers into 33 factors, which were from 402 critical incidents described by 261 respondents. Eleven factors (response to service failures, food taste and quality, attention paid to customers, coupon/mileage point/discount card, customer’s ordinary requests, waiting, food diversity, food price, facility sanitation, checking out, customer’s special requests) were classified into core service, which required maximum management not regarding the level of customer satisfaction. Six factors (employee attitude, event, education and explanation, complementary food, customer’s mistakes, attention paid to children) were classified into quality service, which required differentiation strategy management. Finally, nine factors (speed of food service, employee’s mistakes, food sanitation, atmosphere and interior, seating, forcing orders, parking, other customers, reservations) were classified into basic service, which required minimum management at the level of the industry standards.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.129-129
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• 2009

Much attention has been recently paid to the trivalent chromium electro-plating for the application of surface finishing, mainly because of the environmental issues. Nevertheless, trivalent chromium plating has several critical issues to be figured out for such applications, including instability of the plating solution, poor property of plates and etc.

• Journal of Research and Publication Ethics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2021

Purpose: The current study suggests that any errors and other inaccuracies noted in the research process should be appropriately communicated to the editorial offices. This will try to eliminate the mistakes that may undermine the value of the publication. The present research thus focuses on the ethical issues and concerns in the publication. Research design, data and methodology: A content analysis applied for this study is suitable because there exists enormous textual data in the realm of ethical concerns and issues in the publication process. The current study investigated manifest and critical themes regarding ethical concerns and issues for research publication. Results: Researchers should consider ethical principles based on suggestions of this study when carrying out a publication for the work to be acceptable in diverse regions and the journal should be made in account of completeness and ensure that all the relevant factors are considered to promote the research's accuracy. Conclusions: Ethical issues denote considerations and moral elements that should be considered by the authors while making a publication. They include Beneficence, which literacy means, do no harm, respect for confidentiality, and anonymity, which is about respecting the rights and dignity of subjects identified based on personal responsibility.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.165-177
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• 2005

Supply Chain Management(SCM) system is a critical investment that can affect future competitiveness and performance of a company. Selection of a right SCM system is one of the critical issues. This paper provides the characteristic factors of SCM system selection and the SCM system evaluation and selection model based on Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP). The proposed model can systematically construct the objectives of SCM system selection to support the business goals. A empirical example demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed model and the model can help a company to make better decision-making in selecting SCM system.