• Land and Housing Review
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.151-167
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• 2014

Urban space structure in South Korea when through drastic changes ever since public housing policies began their full-fledge implementation. That is, public housing policies represent the main cause for formation of the current urban space structure, as the public houses are constructed in accordance with changes of demographic/social structure, considering changes of housing demand, in urban spaces demanded by the end users. After rapid industrialization and urbanization in the 1960's, each government in different periods have implemented housing supply policies through massive urban developments, to resolve the issue of housing shortage and residential instability. Phase 1 New Towns were developed in the 1980's resulting in suburbanization of the Seoul Area, followed by urban sprawl due to construction of small-size New Towns after deregulation in the 1990's, and construction of Phase 2 New Towns for resolution of housing shortage in the early 2000's and the resulting urban problems. In the mid-2000's, construction of Bogeumjari houses in GB areas led to insufficient housing supply in downtown areas, and the period after 2010 witnessed continuous deterioration of existing urban areas and acceleration of the rental housing crisis caused by rental housing shortage in downtown areas. Moreover, the residentially vulnerable classes consisting of young, 1~2-member households is expanding, with the real estate market in recess. Therefore, the government is trying to achieve urban regeneration through public housing policies so as to resolve the urban space problem and the housing problem at the same time, and the Happiness Housing Project has been implemented as a policy to achieve that goal. The Happiness Housing Project for young, residentially vulnerable classes in downtown areas, is going through diversification aimed at conjunction with urban regeneration projects in downtown areas, as exemplified by conversion of rental houses in residential environment improvement project districts and redevelopment/reconstruction project districts into happiness housing, and supply of happiness housing in conjunction with small reorganization projects for deteriorated residential areas in such areas as those excluded from New Town designation. Continuous supply of Happiness Housing in conjunction with urban regeneration requires mixed-use residential development which includes convenience facilities and public facilities, along with improvement of rental conditions (rental period/rent) and diversification of project methods, considering that the project is implemented in downtown areas.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.92-102
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• 2013

A Project Financing (PF) is a form of project delivery system that is carried out for the purpose of trying to give help to the development of national economy and the construction industry in order attract private investment. However, in the case of Korea, many PF projects are only taking into account the aspect of maximizing development benefits, and the proliferation of PF results in project failure. In addition, the interruption of business has been one after another in the aftermath of the recent financial crisis. These major cause is the result of efforts to block the potential risk of objectively quantifying operations. Nowadays, PF risk analysis in terms of various factors is insufficient. The purpose of this study is to identify and quantify the extensive risk elements to classify the cause of affecting the success of the project PF study prior to propose a methodology for evaluating the integrity of the project PF based on this and to provide a quantitative system that can evaluate the business risk. This study identified the factors that affect the PF business success and failure and establish the metrics that can be quantified through existing research and expert interviews. Factors influencing the success of the PF obtained as a result of surveys and interviews in assessing the soundness of the PF development conditions in the future be able to take advantage of, as well as an objective assessment tool to be able to take advantage of the development is expected.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.257-269
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• 2012

Global crisis expedites the change in the environment of industry and puts small size enterprises in danger of mass bankruptcy. Because of this, domestic small size enterprises is an urgent need of restructuring. Based on the small business data registered in the Credit Guarantee Fund, we estimated the survival probability in the context of the survival analysis. We also analyzed the survival time which are distinguished depending on the types of business in the small business. Financial variables were also conducted using COX regression analysis of small businesses by types of business. In terms of types of business wholesale and retail trade industry and services were relatively high in the survival probability than light, heavy, and the construction industries. Especially the construction industry showed the lowest survival probability. In addition, we found that construction industry, the bigger BIS (bank of international settlements capital ratio) and current ratio are, the smaller default-rate is. But the bigger borrowing bond is, the bigger default-rate is. In the light industry, the bigger BIS and ROA (return on assets) are, the smaller a default-rate is. In the wholesale and retail trade industry, the bigger bis and current ratio are, the smaller a default-rate is. In the heavy industry, the bigger BIS, ROA, current ratio are, the smaller default-rate is. Finally, in the services industry, the bigger current ratio is, the smaller a default-rate is.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.230-246
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• 2023

Objectives: The climate crisis has arrived and heat-related illnesses are increasing. It is necessary to discover new high-heat risk industries and understand the environment . It is also necessary to prioritize risks of industries that have not been included in the management target to date. The study was intended to monitor and evaluate the thermal risk of high-priority workplaces. Methods: A prioritization method was developed based on five factors: occurrence of and death due to heat-related illnesses, work environment monitoring, indoor work rate, small heat source, and limited heat dissipation. it, was applied to industrial accidents caused by heat-related illnesses. Wet bulb temperature index and apparent temperature were measured in July and August at 24 workplaces in seven industries and assessed for thermal risk. Results: The wet bulb temperature index was in the range of 23.8~31.9℃, and exposure limits were exceeded in the growing of crops, food services activities and accommodation, and building construction. The apparent temperature was in the range of 26.8~36.7℃, and exceeded the temperature standard for issuing heatwave warnings in growing of crops, food services activities and accommodation, warehousing, welding, and building construction. Both temperature index in growing of crops and building construction were higher than the outside air temperature. Conclusions: In the workplace, risks in industries that have not be controlled and recognized through existing systems was identified. it is necessary to provide break times according to the work-rest time ratio required during dangerous time period.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.1221-1221
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• 2022

Studying abroad in and of itself should be a unique and transformational learning experience for university students. Too often, "study abroad" is a code word for "faculty vacation" or "easy credit hours". For an international learning experience to be truly transformational it must offer an intense and directed program that maximizes the time the student spends in the accumulation of information that is new or different from what the student has "learned" previously. "Study abroad" may be a misnomer because it is not only about studying in another country or culture, that is, taking courses that usually have an attendance time of a few hours a week, but it is also about living in another country which becomes a 24/7 learning experience. Providing these programs during the Covid-19 pandemic has been a keen opportunity for institutional learning. When this immersion in foreign culture is combined with academic rigor applied to a student's chosen field of study the growth can be exponential. So, what is the relationship between academic and personal growth? The National Association for Study Abroad has found that "students who have studied abroad are better able to work with people from other countries, understand the complexity of global issues, and have greater intercultural learning. One study found that students returned from their study abroad experiences more tolerant and less fearful of other countries, but with a greater sense of nationalism-a phenomenon they called 'enlightened nationalism'." It is often said that "you only really learn to appreciate things that are important to you when they are gone, when you miss them." The international learning environment can provide this opportunity. The restrictions on various societies in the past two years due to the international Covid pandemic have provided existing study abroad programs with a true testing ground for the validity of their programs. At the end of the day, American colleges and universities are not helpless in the face of these developments. A lot depends on how a university positions itself for a future based on the uncertainties of the past. As Winston Churchill was working to form the United Nations after WWII, he famously said, "Never let a good crisis go to waste". In another context, Churchill's insight on human nature can also be applied to the coming semesters and years as studying abroad rebounds. What new strategies will be developed and maintained? Institutional commitment without fear will be necessary to assure that "studying abroad" will continue to develop as a truly unique and transformational learning experience.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 2011

A variety of risks caused by natural, technological and biological hazards threaten a business continuity of an organization. Business continuity is very important issue for all organizations and its proper management may control success and failure of an organization. Business continuity plan (BCP) may be defined as a management process which provides a business continuity. BCP includes risk management, operational continuity plan, response/ recovery, exercise/study and crisis communication, etc. Risk management is a systematic method to identify, analyze, evaluate and treat emergency risks and risk assessment is composed of identifying, analyzing and evaluating emergency risks. Risk assesment is the first step for making BCP. In this study, risk assessment has been conducted for sewer laying project. Through assessing risks, 18 risks that may threaten the construction operation are identified and it is founded to be that high levels of risks which require treatment are 'collapse of excavation surface', 'breakage of ground infra-facilities', 'noise & dust dispersion' and 'rise of material costs'.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.349-364
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between new-building of rural public health centers and the outpatient medical utilization. Methods : The study subjects were 141 public health centers in rural area. The data were collected from 1995 to 2001, medical utilization and local population, healthcare resources, and economic characteristics were included. In order to evaluate new-building effects, we performed paired t-tests and multivariate regression analyses. Results : The following variables are significant affecting the medical utilization of rural public health centers: urban side location of public health centers(p<0.05), pre- and post-IMF economic crisis(p<0.001), number of medical aid recipients(p<0.01), number of private clinics(p<0.05), workers of public health centers(p<0.001), financial independent level of local governments(p<0.001). In contrast, the existence of new-building and number of the aged 65 and over were not significant variables. Conclusions : We could not find out the positive relationship between the existence of new-building and the volume of medical utilization in rural public health centers. In particular the medical utilization of rural public health centers is significantly affected by IMF economic recession and number of the poor strata, the economically depressed area.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.7-22
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• 2009

This writing is to understand some trends and its meaning of Regionalism Architecture in Jeju Island since 1950's. This thesis began with an interest in the identity crisis implicit in the simultaneous striving for modernism and the so-called regional values in Jeju Island. Regionalism is a response in architectural terms to re-establish continuity in a given place between past and present forms, and also a unique result related to particular places, cultures and climates in region. This is one way of looking at the issues of regional identity. The study began by observing the general characteristics of contemporary ideas on Regionalism in Jeju architecture. This means that tracing the history of development of Regionalism architecture in research area is not the focus of this thesis. The thesis demonstrates that Regionalism architectures in Jeju shows some trends related to the local cultural elements (or ideas) such like traditional architectural forms, natural environment, local construction-materials, etc. In summation, in the perspective of Regionalism architecture,mostofbuildingsin Jeju bring out them only as vernacular architecture as it was once produced, by the simple combination and imitation without any creative interaction of the regional culture. I stress the point in this paper that, in over the last fifty years, there have been very narrowed attempts to design the regional values in the main, and also point out that there are problems in the manner in which local architects have gone about trying to define the regional themes. So, a grate depth is required to understand the phenomenon that Jeju area is with its various nuances of traditions, art, culture, climate and light and then to reinterpret it into the modern building type with all the high sense. In addition to that, some conclusions are reached on future directions and the significance of the study.

• Survey Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.1-21
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• 2008

The housing market in Korea had mainly consisted of Maemae(purchasing market) and Chonsei(rental market). Since 1997 foreign exchange crisis, the rental housing market has experienced substantial changes in preferred rental contracts between Chonsei and monthly-rent. Even though monthly-rent has taken a substantial portion of housing rental contracts, not yet reliable monthly-rent index has been developed. Furthermore, it isn't obvious to define monthly-rent because there are many types of monthly rent structures from full-monthly-rent to monthly-rent-with-variable-deposit. This study is the basic research of developing a housing price index of monthly-rent in accordance with the existing price index of Maemae and Chonsei in Korea. This research has been carried out with the following contents: (1) Constructing the actually desirable concept of monthly-rent through examining monthly-rental market in Korea. (2) Selecting the reasonable method to investigate monthly-rental market, especially monthly-rent-with-variable -deposit. (3) Designing monthly-rental market samples and calculating the price index of monthly-rent based on 2005 Census.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.16 no.3_1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2016

This study is to actively respond to changes in terms of age, it was to find a possible way to realize the effective application of research to expand the civilian use of resources in the defense sector. Utilization of civil resources were first introduced by the previous government institutions to be applied to the military, our country, the use of private resources began with the 1948 case of a consignment of rubbish. In particular, in the process of overcoming the economic crisis IMF 1990s the government increased its advantage in the public service sector while introducing elements of civil to the public sector. Meanwhile, the Pentagon was promoting policies that foster and promote the civil sector in defense of "defense reform law" in terms of the advancement of military operations. The results of the work carried establish schemes for the civil use of resources, which can be protected by legal and institutional supplement, it is determined that you need a dedicated organization for the construction of projects.