• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.973-986
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• 2015

Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) foil is a novel structural material which has being used in shell and spatial structures. This paper studies biaxial creep property of ETFE foil by creep tests and numerical simulation. Biaxial creep tests of cruciform specimens were performed using three stress ratios, 1:1, 2:1 and 1:2, which showed that creep coefficients in biaxial tension were much smaller than those in uniaxial one. Then, a reduction factor was introduced to take account of this biaxial effect, and relation between the reduction factor and stress ratio was established. Circular bubble creep test and triangle cushion creep test of ETFE foil were performed to verify the relation. Interpolation was adopted to consider creep stress and reduction factor was involved to take account of biaxial effect in numerical simulation. Simulation results of the bubble creep test embraced a good agreement with those measuring ones. In triangle cushion creep test, creep displacements from numerical simulation showed a good agreement with those from creep test at the center and lower foil measuring points.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2002

User-friendly-web-based database system for searching creep property data was developed. This system includes about 38000 creep data for 270 different materials including low carbon steel, stainless steel and alloy steel. Data on creep rupture, creep deformation, creep crack growth and creeping materials can be searched through this system. Retrieved data is displayed in numeric form and also presented in graphical form for visualizing the data. Furthermore, the creep rupture data is designed to be fitted to a regression equation of logarithmic stress using time-temperature parameter(TTP). The degree of the regression equation, orthogonal polynomials, was determined using analysis of variance.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.94-101
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• 2003

The pressure tubes made of cold-worked Zr-2.5Nb alloy are subjected to creep deformation during service period resulting in changes to their geometry such as longitudinal elongation, diameter increase and sagging. To evaluate integrity of them, information on the material creep property of the serviced tubes is essential. As one of the methods with which the creep property is directly measured from the serviced components, small punch(SP) creep testing has been considered as a substitute for the conventional uniaxial creep testing. In this study, applicability of the SP creep testing to Zr-2.5Nb pressure tube alloy was studied particularly by measuring the power law creep constants, A, n. The SP creep test has been successfully applied fur other high temperature materials which have isotropic behavior. Since the Zr-2.5Nb alloy has anisotropic property, applicability of the SP creep testing can be limited. Uniaxial creep tests and small punch creep tests were conducted with Zr-2.5Nb pressure tube alloy along with finite element analyses. Creep constants obtained by each test method are compared. It was argued that the SP creep test result gave results reflecting material properties of both directions. But the equations derived in the previous study for isotropic materials need to be modified. Discussions were made fur future research directions for application of the SP creep testing to Zr-2.5Nb tube alloy.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.499-511
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• 2015

The creep property of salt rock significantly influences the long-term stability of the salt rock underground storage. Triaxial creep tests were performed to investigate the creep behavior of salt rock. The test results indicate that the creep of salt rock has a nonlinear characteristic, which is related to stress level and creep time. The higher the stress level, the longer the creep time, the more obvious the nonlinear characteristic will be. The elastic modulus of salt rock decreases with the prolonged creep time, which shows that the creep damage is produced for the gradual expansion of internal cracks, defects, etc., causing degradation of mechanical properties; meanwhile, the creep rate of salt rock also decreases with the prolonged creep time in the primary creep stage, which indicates that the mechanical properties of salt rock are hardened and strengthened. That is to say, damage and hardening exist simultaneously during the creep of salt rock. Both the damage effect and the hardening effect are considered, an improved Maxwell creep model is proposed by connecting an elastic body softened over time with a viscosity body hardened over time in series, and the creep equation of which is deduced. Creep test data of salt rock are used to evaluate the reasonability and applicability of the improved Maxwell model. The fitting curves are in excellent agreement with the creep test data, and compared with the classical Burgers model, the improved Maxwell model is able to precisely predict the long-term creep deformation of salt rock, illustrating our model can perfectly describe the creep property of salt rock.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2004

2종류 지오그리드의 장기안정성의 검토되었다. 멤브레인 연신형 지오그리드는 지수함수형 인장거동을, 섬유형 지오그리드는 파단점에 가까울수록 빠른 인장특성 증가를 나타내었다. 섬유형 지오그리드의 경우 가속 크리프 시험을 실시하였지만 멤브레인 연신형 지오그리드의 경우에는 열적특성 때문에 가속 크리프 시험을 실시할 수 없었다. 멤브레인 연신형 지오그리드의 크리프 변형률은 인장시험에 의한 극한변형률보다 훨씬 큰 값을 나타내었으며, 섬유형 지오그리드의 크리프 변형에 의한 감소인자는 멤브레인 연신형 지오그리드에 비해 작은 값을 나타내었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제37권11호
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• pp.1339-1347
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• 2013

기존 단축 크리프시험에서는 천이 크리프의 영향을 무시하고 정상상태 크리프만을 고려하기 때문에 실제 크리프 특성을 나타내지 못한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 천이크리프를 고려한 압입 크리프 물성평가법을 제시한다. 다양한 재료에 대해 구형압입시험 전산모사를 이용해 크리프 물성변화에 따른 거동을 살펴보고, 크리프 특성을 무차원 변수들의 회귀식으로 표현한다. 이를 토대로 천이크리프를 고려한 압입 크리프 물성평가 프로그램을 생성했다. 제시한 물성평가 프로그램을 통해 압입 하중-변위 곡선으로부터 크리프지수, 계수값들을 각각 1.1%, 2.3% 오차범위에서 예측할 수 있다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.287-292
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• 2005

[ $\pi$ ]The effects of silica-based additives have been investigated to improve the creep property of a $UO_2$ pellet. The additive composition, $50wt\%SiO_2-47wt{\%}CaO-3wt\%Cr_2O_3$ (SCC), was selected according to the dihedral angle and the distribution of the second phase. It was observed that the creep rate of the $0.07 wt\%$ SCC-added $UO_2$ was slower than that of the pure $UO_2$. However, the creep rate of the $0.22 wt\%$ SCC-added $UO_2$ was about 3_48 times faster than that of the pure $UO_2$, depending on the applied stress in the lower stress range. In the case of the $0.35 wt\%$ SCC-added $UO_2$, the creep rate decreased in comparison with that of the $0.22 wt\%$ SCC-added $UO_2$. The observed enhancement in the creep rate might depend on a balance between the positive role of the viscous intergranular phase and the negative roles of the additives and the grain growth.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제37권10호
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• pp.1229-1237
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 증분소성이론에 기초한 구형압입이론을 크리프 물성을 평가하기 위한 압입이론으로 확장했다. 먼저 크리프변형률 기울기가 일정한 지점을 유효 응력-변형률속도 최적 관측지점으로 선정했다. 구형압입시험 전산모사를 이용해 크리프 지수와 계수를 변화시켜 가면서 이에 따른 재료의 거동을 무차원 변수들 (${\xi}$, ${\psi}$)의 회귀식으로 표현해 크리프 물성평가를 위한 새로운 수치 접근법을 구축했다. 이를 토대로 구형압입시험으로부터 재료의 크리프지수 및 계수를 예측하는 물성평가 프로그램을 개발했다. 압입 하중-변위 곡선으로부터 크리프지수는 평균 1.5%, 크리프계수는 평균 1.0% 이내의 오차범위에서 물성치들을 얻을 수 있다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권12호
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• pp.2901-2909
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• 2020

Thermal creep is a key property of zircaloy cladding. CZ developed by CGN is a new zircaloy used as PWR fuel cladding. This research is devoted to investigating the thermal creep behavior of CZ and build the thermal creep model of CZ. Twenty internal pressure creep tests were conducted, and the ranges of temperature and Tresca stress were 320-430 ℃ and 70-300 MPa, respectively. Real-time creep data were analyzed by separating primary creep and steady-state creep. Based on Soderberg model and creep test data, CZ thermal creep model is derived. As a whole, the mean value and the standard deviation of P/M of CZ saturated primary creep strain are very close to these from steady-state creep rate, however, the predictive effect of primary creep is less satisfactory. Four conditions, where there exists large deviation between predicted values and test data, are 320 ℃ and 300 MPa, 350 ℃ and 190 MPa, 380 ℃ and 160 MPa, 380 ℃ and 190 MPa, respectively. As primary creep was much smaller than steady-state creep in long-time operation, the thermal creep model built can be applied to predict the thermal creep behavior of CZ cladding.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권7호
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• pp.2312-2322
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• 2021

In recent studies, the creep rate of Zircaloy-4, one of the basic property parameters of the nuclear fuel code, has been commonly used with the axial creep model proposed by Rosinger et al. However, in order to calculate the circumferential deformation of the fuel cladding, there is a limitation that a difference occurs depending on the anisotropic coefficients used in deriving the circumferential creep equation by using the axial creep equation. Therefore, in this study, the existing axial creep law and the derived circumferential creep results were analyzed through a circumferential creep test by the internal pressurization method in the isothermal conditions. The circumferential creep deformation was measured through the optical image analysis method, and the results of the experiment were investigated through constructed IDECA (In-situ DEformation Calculation Algorithm based on creep) code. First, preliminary tests were performed in the isotropic β-phase. Subsequently in the anisotropic α-phase, the correlations obtained from a series of circumferential creep tests were compared with the axial creep equation, and optimized anisotropic coefficients were proposed based on the performed circumferential creep results. Finally, the IDECA prediction results using optimized anisotropic coefficients based on creep tests were validated through tube burst tests in transient conditions.