• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.639-650
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• 2007

Applying the method calculating creep of Concrete Filled steel Tube (CFT) members based on the Elastic Continuation and Plastic Flow theory for concrete creep with the finite element method, the paper develops a new numerical method for the creep of CFT arch bridges considering effects of bending moment. It is shown that the method is feasible and reasonable through comparing the predicted stresses and deflection caused by the creep with the results obtained by the method of Gu et al. (2001) based on ACI209R model and experimental data of an actual CFT arch bridge. Furthermore, nine CFT arch bridges with different types are calculated and analyzed with and without the effects of bending moment. As a result, the bending moment has considerable influences on long-term deformations and internal forces of CFT arch bridges, especially when the section of arch rib is subjected to a large bending moment.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권1A호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2006

콘크리트 구조물의 실제적인 응력과 변형률의 관계를 알기 위해서는 크리프와 수축에 관한 구성방정식을 정량화하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구는 콘크리트의 시간의존적인 변형 중에서 크리프 변형에 관한 현상학적인 문제를 수학적으로 전개하고 유변학적 접근방법을 사용하여 크리프에 관한 예측모델을 구성한다. 고전적인 4-매개변수 모델에 기초하여 각각의 변형성분을 조합하고, 적절한 크리프 변형을 얻어내기 위한 4개의 매개변수들을 재령영향과 겔 입자간의 연결을 제거하려는 미세프리스트레스의 영향을 고려하여 비선형 함수로 구성된 매개변수들을 전개하며 회복이 불가능한 점성변형에 대하여 습윤평형상태와 건조상태에서 모두 예측할 수 있는 유효점성계수를 유도한다. 본 연구에서 제안한 예측모델은 실험결과와 상관계수 99%이상의 우수한 결과를 제공하고 있다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제70권6호
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• pp.751-763
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• 2019

Steel-concrete composition is widely used in the construction due to efficient utilization of materials. The service load behavior of composite structures is significantly affected by cracking, creep and shrinkage effects in concrete. In order to control these effects in concrete slab, an efficient and novel strategy has been proposed by use of fiber reinforced concrete near interior supports of a continuous beam. Numerical study is carried out for the control of cracking, creep and shrinkage effects in composite beams subjected to service load. A five span continuous composite beam has been analyzed for different lengths of fiber reinforced concrete near the interior supports. For this purpose, the hybrid analytical-numerical procedure, developed by the authors, for service load analysis of composite structures has been further improved and generalized to make it applicable for composite beams having spans with different material properties along the length. It is shown that by providing fiber reinforced concrete even in small length near the supports; there can be a significant reduction in cracking as well as in deflections. It is also observed that the benefits achieved by providing fiber reinforced concrete over entire span are not significantly more as compared to the use of fiber reinforced concrete in certain length of beam near the interior supports in continuous composite beams.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.631-635
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• 2005

Aggregate gradation effects on cracking-related displacements of concrete are investigated in the laboratory using the German cracking frame. Concrete workability was assessed by use of the slump and drop tests for two different concrete mixtures consisting of gap-graded and dense-graded aggregates. Shrinkage strain, cracking frame strain, and concrete strain were measured and used to compare to strength gain and creep development. The measured and calculated strains of the different aggregate gradations were compared each other. Gradation effects on strength and stress development relative to tensile cracking at saw-cut tip were also investigated. Test results revealed that the gap-graded concrete has indicated larger shrinkage and creep strains than dense-grade concrete perhaps because of its higher volume concrete of cement mortars in the mixture.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2018

Fly ash can significantly improve concrete workability and performance, and recycling fly ash in concrete can contribute to a cleaner environment. Since fly ash influences pozzolanic reactions in concrete, mechanical behaviors of concrete containing fly ash differ from traditional concrete. Creep behaviors of fly ash concrete filled steel tube arch were experimentally investigated for 10% and 30% fly ash replacement. The axes of two arches are designed as circular arc with 2.1 m computed span, 0.24 m arch rise, and their cross-sections are all in circular section. Time dependent deflection and strain of loading and mid-span steel tube were measured, and long term deflection of the model arch with 10% fly ash replacement was significantly larger than with 30% replacement. Considering the steel tube strain, compressive zone height, cross section curvature, and internal force borne by the steel tube, the compressive zone height and structural internal forces increased gradually over time due to concrete creep. Increased fly ash content resulted in more significant neutral axis shift. Mechanisms for internal force effects on neutral axis height were analyzed and verified experimentally.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.517-525
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• 2018

초고층 RC구조물 건설은 콘크리트 크리프에 대한 반영이 반드시 검토되어야 한다. Fck60~80MPa를 적용하는 국내 초고층 건축물에 대하여 각종 역학적 특성과 양생조건(Dried/Sealed)별 크리프에 대해 검토하였다. Sealed 조건에서의 압축강도 및 탄성계수는 Unsealed 조건에 비해 약 5% 높게 나타났으며, 시간이 지날수록 차이가 크게 나타났다. 크리프 계수의 경우 Unsealed 조건에서 Sealed 조건 대비 2~3배 높게 평가되었고, ACI 209 모델을 보완한 수정 예측 모델의 경우 수직부재(코어월 및 메가칼럼)에서의 장기재령 예측식으로 적용하였다. 향후 실제 부재에서 측정되는 다양한 데이터를 바탕으로 최적 크리프 모델에 대해 보완 및 제안할 예정이다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 제20권1호
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• pp.697-700
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• 2008

본 논문은 유변학을 이용한 합리적인 크리프 예측 모델의 개발을 목표로 한다. 유변학은 응력에 의해 물질에 변형이 유발되었을 때, 변형과 응력 사이의 관계를 규명하는 학문으로 콘크리트와 같은 다공성의 점탄성 구조체의 변형 규명에 효과적이다. 본 논문에서 제안된 모델은 시간 의존성 여부와 발생 메커니즘에 따라 탄성거동, 장기크리프, 시간 의존적 단기크리프 그리고 시간 독립적 단기크리프로 나뉘며, 이와 같은 현상의 분류는 실제 실험값의 시간 경과에 따른 변형 양상을 근거로 한 것이다. 각 부분의 계수 추정 과정에서는 이론(미세프리스트레스 고체화 이론, Microprestress-solidification theory) 및 설계기준(CEB-FIP MC R99)을 최대한 활용하여 모델의 합리성의 높일 수 있도록 하였으며, 부득이하게 이론적 접근이 어려운 경우에는 제한적으로 수치적 접근을 시도하였다. 끝으로 수립된 모델을 실제 실험 데이터에 적용한 결과를 기존의 기준식 및 이론식의 적용 결과와 비교 평가 하였다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.513-523
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• 2018

Time dependent strain due to creep is a significant factor in structural design. Multi-gene genetic programming (MGGP) and artificial neural network (ANN) are used to develop two models for prediction of creep compliance in concrete. The first model was developed by MGGP technique and the second model by hybridized MGGP-ANN. In the MGGP-ANN, the ANN is working in parallel with MGGP to predict errors in MGGP model. A total of 187 experimental data sets that contain 4242 data points are filtered from the NU-ITI database. These data are used in developing the MGGP and MGGP-ANN models. These models contain six input variables which are: average compressive strength at 28 days, relative humidity, volume to surface ratio, cement type, age at start of loading and age at the creep measurement. Practical equation based on MGGP was developed. A parametric study carried out with a group of hypothetical data generated among the range of data used to check the generalization ability of MGGP and MGGP-ANN models. To confirm validity of MGGP and MGGP-ANN models; two creep prediction code models (ACI209 and CEB), two empirical models (B3 and GL 2000) are used to compare their results with NU-ITI database.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 1992년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.67-72
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• 1992

The heat of hydration of cement causes the internal temperature rise at early age, particulary in massive concrete structures such as a footing of nuclear reactor building or a dam. As the result of the temperature rise and restraint of foundation, the thermal stress may induce cracks in concrete. Therefore, the prediction of the thermal stress is very important in the design and construction stages in order to control the cracks developed in massive concrete structures. And, in case of young concrete, creep effect by the temperature load is larger than That of old concrete. Thus the effect of creep must be considered for checking the cracks, serviceability, durability and leakage. This study is composed of two items. The first, it is to develop a finite element program which is capable of simulating the temperature history in mass concrete. The second, when the thermal stress of mass concrete structures considering creep is calculated by using the modified elastic modulus due to the inner temperature change. It is shown that the analytical results of this study is in comparably good agreement with JCI's analytical results.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.441-450
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• 2021

This study presents the first analysis system and fast-access cloud database for shrinkage and creep of concrete in the world, named "shrinkage and creep database in Taiwan", SCDT. SCDT not only has the most comprehensive experimental data, including NU, JSCE, Europe, and TW databases, but provides a design tool for researchers and engineers. It can further facilitate the development of prediction models for localized concrete. Users can obtain the shrinkage and creep curves based on their selected prediction models in SCDT. Comparisons of the predicted results of selected models and test results in the chosen database can be generated in seconds. One example of the development of basic creep prediction model in Taiwan based on model B4 by using SCDT to reflect concrete characteristics in Taiwan is also presented in this study. Users anywhere in the world can easily access SCDT to browse and upload data, receive predictive results, or develop predictive models.