• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2010

This study is to give more accurate information by performing the time depend ent analysis to take into account the long-term losses of precast PSC concrete bridge and analyzing the second stress, final camber and cross section stress of precast PSC caused by creep and drying shrinkage. As time goes by, the stress and deformation in the cross section vary continuously by the influence of creep and drying shrinkage. Due to this, the stress redistribution occurs and the internal force variation also happens along the point on the same cross section and with the passage of time.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.38-45
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• 2001

바닥하중과 면내 압축력을 동시에 재하받는 지하층 슬래브에 대해 시간의존적 거동이 고려된 모멘트 증대법을 개발하기 위해서 수치해석연구를 실시하였다. 수치해석을 위해 비선형 유한요소해석 연구가 수행되었다. 수치해석 연구를 통해 균등 바닥하중과 불균등 바닥하중을 각각 재하받는 플랫 플레이트의 장기거동이 연구되었고, 크리프 효과에 의한 강도 및 강성 저하가 규명되었다. 슬래브에 대한 크리프 효과를 나타내기 위하여 크리프에 의한 유효휨강성비가 도입되었으며, 플랫 플레이트의 장기거동을 고려하기 위하여 이 크리프에 의한 유효휨강성비를 사용하는 모멘트증대법이 개발되었다. 또한 제안된 설계식의 검증을 위하여 설계예제가 제시되어 있다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.355-362
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• 2001

This study deals with cracking control of concrete deck in steel-concrete composite bridges according to the concrete slab casting sequences. In correlation studies between casting sequences, time dependent effects of concrete creep and shrinkage are implemented in the analytical model. Finally, the methods of cracking control in terms of concrete slump and relative humidity are suggested to prevent early transverse cracking of concrete slab.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2022

Tunneling in rocks having the time-dependent behavior, causes some difficulties like tunnel convergence and, as a result, pressure on concrete lining; and so instability on this structure. In this paper the time-dependent behaviour of squeezing phenomenon in a large cross section tunnel was investigated as a case study: Alborz tunnel. Then, time-dependent behaviour of Alborz tunnel was evaluated using FLAC2D based on the finite difference numerical method. A Burger-creep viscoelastic model was used in numerical analysis. Using numerical analysis, the long-time effect of squeezing on lining stability was simulated.This study is done for primary lining (for 2 years) and permanent lining (for 100 years), under squeezing situations. The response of lining is discussed base on Thrust Force-Bending Moment and Thrust Force-Shear Force diagrams analysing. The results determined the importance of consideration of time-dependent behaviour of tunnel that structural forces in concrete lining will grow in consider with time pass and after 70 years can cause instability in creepy rock masses section of tunnel. To show the importance of time-dependent behavior consideration of rocks, elastic and Mohr-Coulomb models are evaluated at the end.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.487-495
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• 2021

The use of prestressed concrete box girder bridges built by segmentally balanced cantilevers has bloomed in the last decades due to its significant structural and construction advantages in complex topographies. In Colombia, this typology is the most common solution for structures with spans ranging of 80-200 m. Despite its popularity, excessive deflections in bridges worldwide evidenced that time-dependent effects were underestimated. This problem has led to the constant updating of the creep and shrinkage models in international code standards. Differences observed between design processes of box girder bridges of the Colombian code and Eurocode, led to the need for a validation of in-service status of these structures. This study analyzes the long-term behavior of the Tablazo bridge with data scarcity. The measured leveling of this structure is compared with a finite-element model that consider the most widely used creep and shrinkage models in the literature. Finally, an adjusted model evidence excessive deflection on the bridge after six years. Monitoring of this bridge typology in Colombia and updating of the current design code is recommended.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

The Pertamina Energy Tower (PET) and Manhattan West North Tower (MWNT) are two supertall towers recently designed and engineered by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM). The structural system for both buildings consists of an interior reinforced concrete core and a perimeter moment frame system, which is primarily structural steel. As is typical for tall towers with both concrete and steel elements, staged construction analysis was performed in order to account for the long term effects of creep and shrinkage, which result in differential shortening between the interior concrete core and steel perimeter frame. The particular design of each tower represents two extremes of behavior; PET has a robust connection between the perimeter and core in the form of three sets of outriggers, while the perimeter columns of MWNT do not reach the ground, but are transferred to the core above the base. This paper will present a comparison of the techniques used during the analysis and construction stages of the design process with the goal of understanding the differences in structural behavior of these two building systems in response to the long term effects of creep and shrinkage. This paper will also discuss the design and construction techniques implemented in order to minimize the differential shortening between the interior and exterior over the lifespan of these towers.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.461-473
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• 2000

이 논문은 콘크리트의 크리프와 건조수축 현상을 고려한 강재와 콘크리트의 부분 합성보의 거동의 해석을 위한 모델을 제안하고 있다. 부분합성 거동은 선형 부분전단 연결이론을 토대로 합성보를 일정한 수의 요소로 분할한 후 각 절점에서 평형조건과 적합조건을 기초로하여 구성 방정식을 구성하고 경계조건과 각 요소에 대한 구성 방정식을 순차적으로 적용하는 방법으로 해석모델이 구성되었다. 또한 콘크리트의 시간에 따른 현상인 크리프와 건조수축의 영향도 고려되었다. 제안된 해석모델은 다경간 연속 합성보의 슬립거동을 효과적으로 나타낼 수 있다. 제안된 해석 모델의 검증을 위해 기존 연구의 결과와 비교되었으며, 여러 조건에 대한 합성보의 해석을 통해 제안된 모델의 적용성을 입증하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.369-384
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• 2005

The main objectives of this paper are to demonstrate the feasibility of using newly developed smart GFRP reinforcements to effectively monitor reinforced concrete beams subjected to flexural and creep loads, and to develop non-linear numerical models to predict the behavior of these beams. The smart glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebars are fabricated using a modified pultrusion process, which allows the simultaneous embeddement of Fabry-Perot fiber-optic sensors within them. Two beams are subjected to static and repeated loads (until failure), and a third one is under long-term investigation for assessment of its creep behavior. The accuracy and reliability of the strain readings from the embedded sensors are verified by comparison with corresponding readings from surface attached electrical strain gages. Nonlinear finite element modeling of the smart concrete beams is subsequently performed. These models are shown to be effective in predicting various parameters of interest such as crack patterns, failure loads, strains and stresses. The strain values computed by these numerical models agree well with corresponding readings from the embedded fiber-optic sensors.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제12권2호통권45호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2000

이 연구는 콘크리트 바닥판의 타설방법과 단면형태에 따른 강박스 거더 교량의 거동에 관한 것이다. 단계 타설의 경우 각 타설부분의 시간차이는 바닥판 콘크리트의 응결시간의 차이를 일으키고 이로 인하여 발생되는 교량의 시간에 따른 거동이 이 연구에서 해석되었다. 또한 거더 단면과 바닥판 콘크리트의 타설순서의 상관관계의 관한 연구를 위하여 콘크리트 크리프와 건조수축의 효과가 이 연구에서 제안된 해석모델에 포함되었다. 끝으로 바닥판 콘크리트의 초기 횡방향 균열을 방지하기 위하여 현장에서 관리할 수 있는 콘크리트 슬럼프와 상대습도가 제안되었다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 제20권1호
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• pp.689-692
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• 2008

본 연구는 친환경 콘크리트의 개발을 위하여 시멘트 대체재료인 혼화재료로서 황토, 슬래그 및 PET보강섬유를 혼입한 콘크리트의 역학적 특성을 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 콘크리트(SC), 황토콘크리트(HTC), 황토 및 PET보강섬유가 혼입된 시험체(HTPC)를 대상으로 재령별 압축강도 실험을 실시하였으며, 시험체의 장기특성을 분석하기 위한 크리프 및 건조수축 실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과, 재령별 압축강도는 시험체 별로 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았으나, HTC 시험체의 압축강도가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 크리프 및 건조수축의 실험결과 HTC 시험체의 장기특성이 가장 우수한 것으로 판명되었다.