• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.119-130
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to estimate the rate of credit card payment for private education. The results of study can be used to improve credit card handling problems of private educational institutes, leading toward improvements in income transparency, increase in tax burden equity and long-term economic welfare improvement for individual households. 424 households out of 586 household that were surveyed in September of 2002 had 1,700 cases private extracurricular education. 67 of the 1,700 cases that did not have expenditure records were removed from the analysis. Only 3.67％ out of 1,633 cases were paid by a credit cards and the amount of credit card payment were only 5.65％ of the total amount spent for private education. The average fee of private educational institutes that allow credit card payment was higher than the fees of private institutes which don't allow a credit card payment or those of private institutes where consumers don't know whether a credit card payment was allowed. The average fee of private education paid by credit cards was 34,465.46 won higher than that paid by cash. Credit card payments to private educational institutions is an important social issue with respect to fair tax collection and tax burden equity since most private educational services operate in fairly small sizes and are offered by the self-employed, and the expense of private education is a fairly large proportion of the household income. It is also important for consumers if credit card acceptance expands alternatives that consumers can choose in private education. Therefore, credit card payment should be encouraged in private extracurricular education. To do this, private education providers should be forced to join a credit card payment service by the National Tax Service. A regulation that prohibits the refusal of credit card payments should be required, and credit card service charges of private education providers should be incrementally decreased. Also, consumer education and public promotions for credit card use instead of cash in paying for private education fees are recommended.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.25 no.3 s.87
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• pp.169-185
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• 2007

The purpose of this research is to analyze Korean and Japanese junior high school and high schools students to inquire into the attitudes these students have towards credit, the importance of credit related education, and the necessity of education on online credit. This will provide an insight into the problems associated with teenage credit related consumer education, and allow a solution to be brought up. The results of the research and the proposal are as follows. First, younger Korean teenagers are more passive in consumption than the same age group in Japan. Second, for Korean teenagers, the amount of allowance and savings were an important factor in the attitude towards credit. In Japan there was a discrepancy between gender groups in the attitude towards credit. Third, personal education sessions for teenagers and follow up is necessary. Fourth, since the current teenage population have been familiar with the internet all their lives, credit education should utilize this medium as a tool. Fifth, when looking into the requests Korean and Japanese young teenagers made on credit web sites, the contents and quality of information is more important than the outlook of the site itself. Sixth, there is a need to provide teenagers, who are accustomed to visual data, information, an experience opportunity, and access to related web sites.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.123-136
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• 2009

Debt and credit problems in Korea have been escalated during the past decade. The number of people with debt and credit problems is in its historic high. In May 2008, about 2.48 million debtors are officially classified as bad debtors and 7.20 million people have low credit scores. People with low credit scores are in disadvantageous situation in the financial market thus their financial transactions and activities are limited. In 2004, Korean government introduced various credit rehabilitation programs. However, most of these problems are remedial in nature and preventive programs such as credit counseling and debtor education are lacking. The purpose of this review is to examine US credit counseling and debtor education programs to obtain insights for preventive credit program developments in Korea. The review focused on programs offered through National Foundation for Credit Counseling, Jump Start, and Cooperative Extension Services from two large land grant Universities. From the program review suggestions and recommendations for educational contents, program and educator developments, and program quality control were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.71-81
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• 2004

This study was to understand the credit economic society and the frequency of credit use, and to suggest the method of home management in credit economic society. First of all, the consumer education of credit will have to convenience the utilization of consumer education, to supply the information of credit value and a contract thinking, and to develop the variety of media and tools in consumer education.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.74-81
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze the operation situation & academic research trends in Seoul and Gyeonggi area, based on theoretical consideration on academic credit bank system, focusing on academic credit bank system where a lifelong education institute affiliated with a university produces graduates with associate's degree. To find out about how academic credit bank institutes are operated in cosmetology field, the analysis of literature review was used, in reference to the literatures as well as administrative data from the Ministry of Education and institutes for lifelong education with respect to academic credit bank system. Further, dissertations and articles in journals were also reviewed for analysis, in order to see academic research trends with respect to academic credit bank system in cosmetology, and finally to provide the directions for a follow-up study in the future. It was found that about 120 junior colleges have cosmetology departments, while only about 20 4-year universities have them, where lifelong education systems such as lifelong education are essential for learners to have bachelor's degree to go to a graduate school in reality. Every year more people want to learn and acquire the degree through a lifelong education institute affiliated with a university. In this regard, it is thought that there should be first positive social awareness towards a degree recipient from such educations and more administrative promotion and active engagement of government, businesses and schools, in order to vitalize academic credit bank system. Meanwhile, there are only about 10 academic literatures including the dissertations on the operation of academic credit bank system with respect to cosmetology, which is not sufficient number in academic research, compared to the increasing number of people who want to acquire the degree. Most of the preceding studies have been limited to education services and learners' satisfaction level. Therefore, continuous follow-up study is required on how to improve social awareness as well as teachers and instructors' satisfaction level, as well as how to develop industry-customized curriculum, in order to ensure active academic credit bank system.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.191-202
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of late credit card bill payers. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey of 621 credit card users residing in five metropolitan cities including Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. The results indicated that credit card delinquents showed irrational behavior in managing the use of credit cards. That is, they unnecessarily subscribed for credit cards, used their credit cards without signature, or excessively used the credit cards regardless of their payment capability. From these study results, two recommendations were made : 1) consumer education on credit card use and credit management and 2) law revision on regulating credit card use.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.11 s.213
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitude, knowledge and need for educational contents about credit cards according to credit card use, and to examine the status of credit card use and the factors affecting credit card management behaviors of college students. The data were collected from 481 college students in Busan and Kyungnam areas by a self-administered questionnaire. Frequencies, Cronbach's alpha, factor analysis, t-test, ${\chi}^2$ analysis, Pearson's correlation analysis and regression analyses were conducted by SPSS WINDOWS. The results from this study were as follows. First, there were no significant differences between the credit card user group and the non-user group in the means of their altitude and knowledge towards credit cards. The mean of each category of the need for educational contents was high in both groups. Second, respondents of the credit card user group answered that they used credit cards whenever necessary, using them to purchase mostly clothing, shoes, and books. Third, credit card management behaviors were influenced by the allowance amount, experience of consumer education related to credit cards, number of total credit cards, attitude towards credit cards, knowledge about credit cards, frequency of credit card use, terms of credit card use and father's occupation. These results suggest that consumer education should be conducted for the credit card management behaviors of college students.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.235-251
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• 2001

The purposes of this study was to develop household debt management education and counseling programs. The issues related with the consumer use of credit were identified and the selected programs of the United States were analyzed to develop the education and counseling programs for Korean households. Curriculums for the debt management education in three subjects and the process for debt counseling were suggested. Debt management education program included the issues related to general credit management strategy, credit card usage, and debt burden. For debt counseling, worksheets of problem identification, budget analysis, and action planning were developed.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.111-118
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• 2020

This paper examines the impacts of credit on income inequality in Vietnam. Though it is one of the most common measures of financial development, there is a dearth of research in this area. Unlike previous studies, the paper disaggregates the impact of each type of credit on income inequality, looking at the Gini coefficient. We employ the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) to solve the endogenous problem. The primary data set contains a panel of 60 Provincial observations, from data collected from the General Statistics Office of Vietnam from 2002 to 2016. The empirical findings show that, while commercial credit increases income inequality, policy credit contributes to reducing income inequality in Vietnam. The results also confirm the important roles of education, institutional quality and foreign direct investment in fighting against income inequality in Vietnam. However, the paper does not provide adequate evidence to support the inverted U-shaped relationship between credit and income inequality. Based on the findings, we argue that the government should direct flows of credit to real economic activities rather than speculative investment; more bank credit should be allocated to rural areas and agriculture; and favorable credit programs should be designed to promote education, especially of those living in rural areas.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 1995

This study was attempted to identify the present state of the Junior College of Nursing such as philosophy of education and goal of education. The study was based on the data from 17 Junior colleges of nursing. The survey was conducted from Jun. 21st to 30th. 1994. Data was analyzed by percentage. The results of this .study was summarized as follows : 1. The number of Junior college of nursing is 44, the number of graduates is 776, and the rate of employment is 97.3% in 1993. 2. 6 of 17 schools present the philosophy of education and the chief concepts of them were idea of establishment, human being, health, environment, nursing, nursology, nursing education and nurses. The most frequent presented general goal of the education was to train professional nurse (64.7%). The most concrete goal of the education was fostering of the competence and quality of students to enhance self development which based upon scientific thinking and skillful activities. (58.8%). The average total credit was 142.3(range of 133 to 155). The average liveral art credit was 27.2 and major credit was 104.1. The credit of clinical pracetice was 20.6 (1153.6 hours). 3. The most important problems of Junior College of Nursing was multiprogram of nursing edcuation. It should be unionized into 4 year program. 4. There should be a good nursing curriculum and philosophy which meet the modern nursing concept and diversional social needs.