• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.109-132
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• 2007

In the paper, we builds an advanced new credit evaluation system for Micro-small sized individual firms through appropriate evaluation factors derived by logistic regression analysis for credit evaluation model using in Korean Federation of Credit Guarantee Foundations, and the weights of factors computed by analytic hierarchy process(AHP). Industry characteristics are more applied to previous credit model with the additional the financial fact-information and non-financial judgement-information. Our results show that the financial factors have become more important than three years ago. Moreover, in the non-financial factors, the fact-information factors consider more important then the judgement-information factors. A new credit evaluation system is developed based on this credit evaluation model.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2003년도 Proceeding
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• pp.149-154
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• 2003

Credit scoring system (CSS) starts from an analysis of delinquency trend of each individual or industry. This paper conducts a research on credit card delinquency of bank customers as a preliminary step for building effective credit scoring system to prevent excess loan or bad credit status. To serve this purpose, we use association rules that ore generating method. Specifically, we generate sets of rules of customers who are in bad credit status because of delinquency by using association rules. We expect that the sets of rules generated by association rules could act as an estimator of good or bad credit status classifier.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.451-458
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• 2021

The objective of this research is to analyze the effect of bad credit and liquidity on bank performance with the mediation of capital adequacy. Data were provided by banking institutions listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from the period of 2011-2019. The analysis technique was PLS-SEM supported by an application named WarpPLS 6.0. The results of the research show that the effect of bad credit and liquidity on bank performance is not significant. A high level of bad credit is associated with a low level of bank performance. Bank earnings decline along with low profitability. This relationship is not significant because banks can still cover some proportions of bad credit through capital availability. Capital adequacy as an intervening variable has mediated partially the effect of bad credit and liquidity on bank performance. Besides, capital adequacy has a strong effect on credit distribution. Agency theory says that the owner of the fund (the savers of saving account, current account, deposit account) is called principal while the bank as the trusted institution to manage the fund is called an agent. If customers fulfill their duty, then bad credit never happens.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제22권
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• pp.137-171
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• 2004

Under Article 2 of the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (1993 Revision. UCP), letter of credit means an arrangement whereby an issuing bank is to make a payment to a beneficiary, or is to accept and pay bills of exchange drawn by the beneficiary, or authorises another bank to effect such payment, or to accept and pay such bills of exchange, or to negotiate, against stipulated document(s), provided that the terms and conditions of the letter of credit are complied with. In letter of credit operations, all parties concerned deal with documents, and not with goods, services and/or other performances to which the documents may relate (UCP, Article 4). It is important to note that under UCP, if a letter of credit contains conditions without stating the document(s) to be presented in compliance therewith, banks will deem such conditions as not stated and will disregard them (Article 13 c). Section 5-108(g) of the Uniform Commercial Code also contains a similar provision. However on several occasions the Korean Supreme Court held that non-documentary conditions in letter of credit governed by UCP could be regarded as valid, although they were not desirable in the context of letter of credit transactions. The rationale underlying the decisions was that parties to the letter of credit transactions are free to determine the terms and conditions of the relevant letter of credit. After reviewing the relevant provisions of UCP, UCC, the International Standby Practices (ISP98) and the Supreme Court decisions of Korea, the author suggests that we classify conditions that do not require any documents (so called apparent non-documentary conditions) into two categories and treat them differently. There are apparent non-documentary conditions that are consistent with the nature of letter of credit and those which are inconsistent with the nature of letter of credit. In the first category there are two sub-categories, (i) those which are valid and (ii) those which are invalid and thus should be disregarded. In the second category there are two sub-categories, (i) those which are invalid and thus should be disregarded and (ii) those which are valid but deprive the instrument of the nature as letter of credit.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.957-973
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• 2012

This study analyzed consumer public complaint behaviors and the satisfaction of complaint handling among credit card users who availed of credit card services. Relatively little research has been done in this area, despite the obvious importance of understanding and improving credit card market conditions. The purpose of this study was to examine consumer compliant behaviors with a focus on public actions, such as voice responses and the third party actions among credit card users. With the goal of providing consumers with more positive expectations of credit card companies' complaint handling process, this study investigated the status of public actions and the negative effect of complaints on the overall satisfaction of post-complaint behavior toward credit card services. The responses from 1,000 credit card users were analyzed using descriptive analysis, factor analysis, multi-logit analysis, and Heckman selection estimate. The analysis provided three major results: (1) perceived service quality among credit card users was conceptualized into groups such as responsiveness, innovation, company, additional service, and fee, (2) perceived service qualities, age, residential area, employment status, and subjective economic status had significant effect on public compliant action behaviors, and (3) unidimensional factors resulting from post-complaint behaviors were analyzed and several variables, such as period of credit card use, average amount used, and perceived service quality had significant effects on the degree of satisfaction associated with complaint handling in terms of credit card services. Several implications and directions for further research are discussed.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.819-832
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• 2005

The purpose of the study was to examine female college students' credit card usage characteristics and to investigate differences in buying propensity of clothing including impulse buying, consciousness, and conspicuous consumption among their buyer groups according to credit card use and personal characteristics. The questionnaires were administered to female college students in Seoul. The total of 588 questionnaires were collected and statistically analyzed by descriptive statistics, factor analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Duncan's test. Female college students' arrear as well as credit card use have been increasing, and they tend to purchase low price clothing item using credit card. Buying propensity was classified into three factors. There were differences in buying propensity of clothing including impulse buying, fashion consciousness, and conspicuous consumption among buyer groups according to the credit card use and personal characteristics. Students who have credit card and arrear experience, are heavy credit user, and purchase more clothing showed high impulse buying propensity. Students who purchase more clothing monthly with credit card were more fashion-conscious. Students who have credit card, are heavy credit user, and purchase more clothing showed high conspicuous consumption propensity. Implications and future research directions were discussed.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1285-1303
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• 2019

현재의 신용평가체계에서는 신용정보회사가 개인의 신용정보를 금융기관으로부터 수집하고 이를 기반으로 신용평가를 수행한다. 하지만 이런 신용평가방법은 민감한 신용정보가 하나의 중앙기관에 집중되기에 프라이버시 침해 소지가 있으며, 외부의 공격이 성공할 경우 대규모의 개인정보가 유출될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 개인이 스스로 금융기관으로부터 수집한 신용정보를 바탕으로 신용점수를 계산하고, 이 신용점수가 정상적으로 계산되었음을 영지식 증명과 블록체인으로 증명하는 프라이버시 보장 신용평가방법을 제안한다. 또한 영지식 증명에 이용된 신용정보가 금융기관에서 실제로 제공한 값인지 블록체인을 통해 확인하기 위해, 커밋된 입력에 대해 효율적으로 증명이 가능한 영지식 증명 기법을 제안한다. 이 기법은 Agrawal 등의 기법과 달리 완벽한 영지식성을 제공하며, CRS와 증명의 크기가 작고 증명과 검증 과정이 빠르다. 그리고 제안한 신용평가방법에 실제 환경과 유사한 신용점수 알고리즘을 적용하여 구현 및 실험함으로써 실제 환경에 이용 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제39권
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• pp.87-103
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• 2008

Two kinds of security devices such as independent guarantees and standby letters of credit have been widely used in the international transactions. These devices design to protect one of the parties from a breach by its counter-party. Main uses of these guarantees and standby letters of credit are as follows : bid guarantee, performance guarantee, advance payment guarantee, payment guarantee, retention guarantee, etc. The standby letters of credit were first invented in the U.S.A. and have been widely used in the international and domestic contracts in the U.S.A. But the practical use of these credits is very unsatisfactory in Korea. The purpose of this study is to serve the increase of practical use of the standby letters of credit in Korea through the comparison study on the practical use of the credits between Korea and the U.S.A. Both devices are very similar in function, but they are very different in forms. The one has the form of letter of credits but the other has the form of guarantee. The letter of credit has the stability of governing rule, the legal certainty, and the preference in the field of the trade community comparing to the guarantee. I recommend to use standby letter of credit instead of bank guarantee in international transactions because of the merits of the credit aforesaid.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제76권
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• pp.103-123
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• 2017

If additional condition in letter of credit is used in malicious way, it affects the international trade transaction in jeopardy. Therefore, it's significant to identify whether additional conditions are malicious or ordinary in the transaction with letter of credit. In normal cases, thanks to lots of useful features as an international payment method, such as security of payment, legal protection, and versatility, a letter of credit is widely used in international trade. However, even with these advantageous features, a letter of credit is complicate and costly to use, compared to other payment methods. Furthermore, due to its principle of independence from underlying contract, a use of letter of credit creates another type of concern for proper handling and needs significant caution upon field use. At some points, malicious additional conditions are used for buyer's advantage in deal making and fraud instance in worst situation. In addition, some countries request malicious conditions against sellers as a non-tariff barrier. Therefore it's extremely important to recognize whether malicious additional condition exists in letter of credit and, if so, how to deal with it. This study delivers the information to distinguish and categorize the malicious conditions in various cases and to figure out how to deal with them for safer trade with less risk.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.43-56
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• 2016

The research aims to help merchant acquiring institutions gain a better insight on what merchant establishments in the Singapore market perceive of the costs they incur due to credit card acceptance. The research attempts to study the Singapore market and establish if increased credit card usage does increase costs for the merchant establishments that accept credit cards, this will help to acquire institutions in Singapore have a better understanding of merchant perceptions and what drives or deters credit card acceptance in the Singapore market. The survey was based on an interview of merchant establishments and the views of the merchants and was not based on their financial data. As a first step, the variables used in the survey were tested for interdependence using Chi-square tests; subsequently data reduction using factor analysis was performed and finally linear regression to establish a relation between dependent and independent variables. Merchant establishment believe accepting credit cards and increasing volume is costlier compared to another form of payment, but have mixed awareness about interchange fee. It also indicated that interchange fee and cardholder benefits are independent of the merchant establishments. The study only broadly attempts to gauge merchants view if increased credit card usage has increased costs for them.