• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.353-358
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• 2018

We herein analyze the service traffic characteristics and spectrum of the 5G mobile communication and suggest the effective 5G network deployment method for 5G mobile communication services. The data rates of the 5G mobile communication are from several kbps (voice and IoT) up to 1 Gbps (hologram, among others). The 5G mobile communication services show the diverse cell coverage environments owing to the use of diverse service data rates and multiple spectrum bands. To effectively support the 5G mobile communication services, the network deployment requires the optimization of the service coverages for new service environments and multiple spectrum bands. Considering the 5G spectrum bandwidth debated at present, if the 5G services of 100 Mbps can be supported in the 200 m cell edge using the 3.5 GHz spectrum bands, the 5G services of the 1 Gbps hologram and 500-Mbps 4k UHD can be supported in the cell edges of 50 m and 100 m using the 28 GHz spectrum bands. Therefore, the 5G services can be supported effectively by the 5G network deployment using spectrum portfolio configurations to match the diverse 5G services and multiple bands.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.510-518
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• 2011

Recent developments and improvements of multiple technological elements including mass spectrometry (MS) instrument, multi-dimensional chromatographic separation, and software tools processing MS data resulted in benefits of large scale proteomics analysis. However, its throughput is limited by the speed and reproducibility of the protein digestion process. In this study, we demonstrated a new method for rapid proteolytic digestion of proteins using acoustic technology. Tryptic digests of BSA prepared at various conditions by super acoustic for optimization time and intensity were analyzed by LC-MS/MS showed higher sequence coverage in compared with traditional 16 hrs digestion method. The method was applied successfully for complex proteins of a breast cancer cells at 30 min of digestion at intensity 2. This new application reduces time-consuming of sample preparation with better efficiency, even with large amount of proteins, and increases high-throughput process in sample preparation state.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.17
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• pp.7085-7090
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• 2014

Objective: To make the clinical evaluation of a solid-state human papillomavirus (HPV) sampling medium in combination with an economical HPV testing method ($careHPV^{TM}$) for cervical cancer screening. Methods: 396 women aged 25-65 years were enrolled for cervical cancer screening, and four samples were collected. Two samples were collected by woman themselves, among which one was stored in DCM preservative solution (called "liquid sample") and the other was applied on the Whatman Indicating FTA $Elute^{(R)}$ card (FTA card). Another two samples were collected by physician and stored in DCM preservative solution and FTA card, respectively. All the samples were detected by $careHPV^{TM}$ test. All the women were administered a colposcopy examination, and biopsies were taken for pathological confirmation if necessary. Results: FTA card demonstrated a comparable sensitivity of detecting high grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) with the liquid sample carrier for self and physician-sampling, but showed a higher specificity than that of liquid sample carrier for self-sampling (FTA vs Liquid: 79.0% vs 71.6%, p=0.02). Generally, the FTA card had a comparable accuracy with that of Liquid-based medium by different sampling operators, with an area under the curve of 0.807 for physician &FTA, 0.781 for physician &Liquid, 0.728 for self & FTA, and 0.733 for self &Liquid (p>0.05). Conclusions: FTA card is a promising sample carrier for cervical cancer screening. With appropriate education programmes and further optimization of the experimental workflow, FTA card based self-collection in combination with centralized $careHPV^{TM}$ testing can help expand the coverage of cervical cancer screening in low-resource areas.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.128-136
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• 2002

In this paper, we developed an acoustic echo canceller in real-time using TeakLite DSP Core, which will be placed in the vocoder chip of a mobile handset. Considering the limited computational capacity given to the acoustic echo canceller in a vocoder chip, we employed a FIR-type adaptive filter using a conventional NLMS algorithm. To begin with, we designed and implemented an acoustic echo canceller with floating-point format C-source code, and then converted it into fixed-point format through integer simulation. Then we programmed and optimized it in the assembler level to make it run ill real-time. After optimization procedure, the implemented echo canceller has approximately 624 words of program memory and 811 words of data memory. With 8 KHz sampling rate and 256 filter taps in the echo canceller that corresponds to 32 msec of echo delay, it requires 14.12 MIPS of computational capacity. For coverage of 16 msec echo delay, i.e., 128 filter taps, 9 MIPS is requited.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.19-35
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• 2018

The necessity of predicting the spatial information of the site-specific seismic response, which is essential information for the comprehensive earthquake disaster countermeasures, is increasing for the mid-west urban areas where the earthquake-induced damages can be increased due to frequent occurrence of mid-scale earthquake such as 2016 Gyeongju Earthquake and 2017 Pohang Earthquake. Especially, researches on strategic securing of site survey datasets and understanding the site-specific site response characteristics were conducted for Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. In this study, a GIS-based framework for site-specific assessment of site response and induced vulnerable area in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea was proposed. Geo-Data based on GIS platform was constructed for regional estimation of geotechnical characteristics by collecting borehole and land coverage datasets. And the geo-spatial grid information was developed for deriving spatial distribution of geotechnical layer and site response parameters based on the optimization of the geostatistical interpolation method. Accordingly, base information for Improving earthquake preparedness measures was derived as seismic zonation map with administrative sub-units considering the quantitative site effect of Gyeonggi-do.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.61 no.6
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• pp.753-760
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• 2018

Objective : We investigated the effect of optimization in dose-limiting shell method on the dosimetric quality of CyberKnife (CK) plans in treating brain metastases (BMs). Methods : We selected 19 BMs previously treated using CK between 2014 and 2015. The original CK plans ($CK_{original}$) had been produced using 1 to 3 dose-limiting shells : one at the prescription isodose level (PIDL) for dose conformity and the others at low-isodose levels (10-30% of prescription dose) for dose spillage. In each case, a modified CK plan ($CK_{modified}$) was generated using 5 dose-limiting shells : one at the PIDL, another at intermediate isodose level (50% of prescription dose) for steeper dose fall-off, and the others at low-isodose levels, with an optimized shell-dilation size based on our experience. A Gamma Knife (GK) plan was also produced using the original contour set. Thus, three data sets of dosimetric parameters were generated and compared. Results : There were no differences in the conformity indices among the $CK_{original}$, $CK_{modified}$, and GK plans (mean 1.22, 1.18, and 1.24, respectively; p=0.079) and tumor coverage (mean 99.5%, 99.5%, and 99.4%, respectively; p=0.177), whereas the $CK_{modified}$ plans produced significantly smaller normal tissue volumes receiving 50% of prescription dose than those produced by the $CK_{original}$ plans (p<0.001), with no statistical differences in those volumes compared with GK plans (p=0.345). Conclusion : These results indicate that significantly steeper dose fall-off is able to be achieved in the CK system by optimizing the shell function while maintaining high conformity of dose to tumor.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2019

Purpose: To compare the dosimetrical and radiobiological parameters among various volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) techniques using restricted and continuous arc beams for left-sided breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Ten patients with left-sided breast cancer without regional nodes were retrospectively selected and prescribed the dose of 42.6 Gy in 16 fractions on the planning target volume (PTV). For each patient, three plans were generated using the $Eclipse^{TM}$ system (Varian Medical System, Palo Alto, CA) with one partial arc 1pVMAT, two partial arcs 2pVMAT, and two tangential arcs 2tVMAT. All plans were calculated through anisotropic analytic algorithm and photon optimizer with 6 MV photon beam of $VitalBEAM^{TM}$. The same dose objectives for each plan were used to achieve a fair comparison during optimization. Results: For PTV, dosimetrical parameters such as Homogeneity index, conformity index, and conformal number were superior in 2pVMAT than those in both techniques. $V_{95%}$, which indicates PTV coverage, was 91.86%, 96.60%, and 96.65% for 1pVMAT, 2pVMAT, and 2tVMAT, respectively. In most organs at risk (OARs), 2pVMAT significantly reduced the delivered doses compared with the other techniques, excluding the doses to contralateral lung. For the analysis of radiobiological parameters, a significant difference in normal tissue complication probability was observed in ipsilateral lung while no difference was observed in the other OARs. Conclusions: Our study showed that 2pVMAT had better plan quality and normal tissue sparing than 1pVMAT and 2tVMAT but not for all parameters. Therefore, 2pVMAT could be considered the priority choice for the treatment planning for left breast cancer.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.76-83
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• 2018

In order to prevent overusing the fishing gear and to reduce discarded fishing gear, there is a need for a technique that can efficiently transmit the information including the type and location of the fishing gear and the user's real name to the fishing boat and the control center using IoT-based communication. In order to do this, it is necessary to be able to confirm the position information of a plurality of buoys that can be identified by the base stations on the land. In this paper, in order to service the maritime IoT communication system, we calculate the link budget between the land base station and the targets on the sea to derive the service coverage. To design a marine IoT radio network for building a fishing gear monitoring system, we calculate link budget for wireless service optimization at sea for NB-IoT using 1.8 GHz frequency band and LoRa service using 900 MHz frequency band. In addition, the link budget between the land base station and buoy, the link budget between the land base station and fishing boat are calculated and the results are analyzed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.181-192
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• 2022

Active vibration control system(AVCS) for helicopter enables to control the vibration generated from the main rotor and has the superb vibration reduction performance with low weight compared passive vibration reduction device. In this paper, FxLMS algorithm-based vibration control software of the light civil helicopter tansmits the control command calculated using the signals of the tachometer and accelerometers to the circular force generator(CFG) is developed and verified. According to the RTCA DO-178C/DO-331, the vibration control software is developed through the model based design technique, and real-time operation performance is evaluated in PILS(processor in-the loop simulation) and HILS(hardware in-the loop simulation) environments. In particular, the reliability of the software is improved through the LDRA-based verification coverage in the PIL environments. In order to AVCS to light civil helicopter(LCH), the dynamic response characteristic model is obtained through the ground/flight tests. AVCS configuration which exhibits the optimal performance is determined using system optimization analysis and flight test and obtain STC certification.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2008

Purpose: The goal of radiation treatment is to deliver a prescribed radiation dose to the target volume accurately while minimizing dose to normal tissues. In this paper, we comparing the dose distribution between three dimensional conformal radiation radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and helical tomotherapy (TOMO) plan for partial breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients were included in the study, and plans for two techniques were developed for each patient (left breast:10 patients, right breast:10 patients). For each patient 3D-CRT planning was using pinnacle planning system, inverse plan was made using Tomotherapy Hi-Art system and using the same targets and optimization goals. We comparing the Homogeneity index (HI), Conformity index (CI) and sparing of the organs at risk for dose-volume histogram. Results: Whereas the HI, CI of TOMO was significantly better than the other, 3D-CRT was observed to have significantly poorer HI, CI. The percentage ipsilateral non-PTV breast volume that was delivered 50% of the prescribed dose was 3D-CRT (mean: 40.4%), TOMO (mean: 18.3%). The average ipsilateral lung volume percentage receiving 20% of the PD was 3D-CRT (mean: 4.8%), TOMO (mean: 14.2), concerning the average heart volume receiving 20% and 10% of the PD during treatment of left breast cancer 3D-CRT (mean: 1.6%, 3.0%), TOMO (mean: 9.7%, 26.3%) Conclusion: In summary, 3D-CRT and TOMO techniques were found to have acceptable PTV coverage in our study. However, in TOMO, high conformity to the PTV and effective breast tissue sparing was achieved at the expense of considerable dose exposure to the lung and heart.