• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.494-500
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• 2014

Indium-doped zinc oxide nanocrystals (IZO NCs), capped with stearic acid (SA) of different sizes, were synthesized using a hot injection method in a noncoordinating solvent 1-octadecene (ODE). The ligand exchange process was employed to modify the surface of IZO NCs by replacing the longer-chain ligand of stearic acid with the shorter-chain ligand of butylamine (BA). It should be noted that the ligand-exchange percentage was observed to be 75%. The change of particle size, morphology, and crystal structures were obtained using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction pattern results. In our study, the 5 nm and 10 nm IZO NCs capped with stearic acid (SA-IZO) were ligand-exchanged with butylamine (BA), and were then spin-coated on a thermal oxide ($SiO_2$) gate insulator to fabricate a thin film transistor (TFT) device. The films were then annealed at various temperatures: $350^{\circ}C$, $400^{\circ}C$, $500^{\circ}C$, and $600^{\circ}C$. All samples showed semiconducting behavior and exhibited n-channel TFT. Curing temperature dependent on mobility was observed. Interestingly, mobility decreases with the increasing size of NCs from 5 to 10 nm. Miller-Abrahams hopping formalism was employed to explain the hopping mechanism insight our IZO NC films. By focusing on the effect of size, different curing temperatures, electron coupling, tunneling rate, and inter-NC separation, we found that the decrease in electron mobility for larger NCs was due to smaller electronic coupling.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제28권2A호
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• pp.70-79
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• 2003

완전도체면 아래의 유전체와 측면 연마된 광섬유의 소산장 결합 및 전파특성에 대한 해석 연구 결과를 나타내었다. 두 구조에서의 전파특성과 소산장 결합 관계를 해석하기 위해 결합모드 방정식과 혼합 모드(compound-mode) 방정식을 이용하여 코아와 유전체의 굴절률 및 구조의 각 변수에 대한 특성을 나타내었다. 그리고 측면 연마된 광섬유와 완전도체면 아래의 유전체가 결합할 때 일어나는 광섬유에서의 감쇠현상을 비교하기 위하여 감쇠상수를 구하여 함께 비교하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2017

To control the stochastic vibration of a vibration-sensitive instrument supported on a beam, the beam is designed as a sandwich structure with magneto-rheological visco-elastomer (MRVE) core. The MRVE has dynamic properties such as stiffness and damping adjustable by applied magnetic fields. To achieve better vibration control effectiveness, the optimal bounded parametric control for the MRVE sandwich beam with supported mass under stochastic and deterministic support motion excitations is proposed, and the stochastic and shock vibration suppression capability of the optimally controlled beam with multi-mode coupling is studied. The dynamic behavior of MRVE core is described by the visco-elastic Kelvin-Voigt model with a controllable parameter dependent on applied magnetic fields, and the parameter is considered as an active bounded control. The partial differential equations for horizontal and vertical coupling motions of the sandwich beam are obtained and converted into the multi-mode coupling vibration equations with the bounded nonlinear parametric control according to the Galerkin method. The vibration equations and corresponding performance index construct the optimal bounded parametric control problem. Then the dynamical programming equation for the control problem is derived based on the dynamical programming principle. The optimal bounded parametric control law is obtained by solving the programming equation with the bounded control constraint. The controlled vibration responses of the MRVE sandwich beam under stochastic and shock excitations are obtained by substituting the optimal bounded control into the vibration equations and solving them. The further remarkable vibration suppression capability of the optimal bounded control compared with the passive control and the influence of the control parameters on the stochastic vibration suppression effectiveness are illustrated with numerical results. The proposed optimal bounded parametric control strategy is applicable to smart visco-elastic composite structures under deterministic and stochastic excitations for improving vibration control effectiveness.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 유한요소해석을 이용하여 암반에 근입된 현장타설말뚝의 말뚝-지반 상호작용즉, 지반의 연속성을 고려한 하중전이해석을 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 주면 하중전이함수를 사용자 정의의 경계면 모델(FRIC)로 구현하여 말뚝지반의 미끄러짐 거동과 하중전이 거동을 모델링 하였다. 본 연구결과, 주면마찰력에 의해 발생되는 선단침하량으로 대변되는 지반 연속성 영향은 주면마찰력이 극한상태로 도달할 때까지 증가함을 알 수 있었으며, 말뚝직경과 암반계수의 비(D/$E_{mass}$), 전체하중에서 주면마찰력의 비($R_s$/Q)에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 현장재하시험 사례와의 비교분석 결과, FRIC을 이용한 유한요소해석방법은 말뚝의 하중전이 거동과 말뚝-지반 상호작용 효과(coupling effect)를 적절히 나타낼 수 있었으며, 말뚝의 거동을 예측하는데 크게 개선되었음을 확인하였다.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.123-138
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• 2001

An injection experiment was carried ut to investigate the pressure domain within which hydromechanical coupling influences considerably the hydrologic behavior of a granite rock mass. The resulting database is used for testing a numerical model dedicated to the analysis of such hydromechanical interactions. These measurements were performed in an open hole section, isolated from shallower zones by a packer set at a depth of 275 m and extending down to 840 m. They consisted in a series of flow meter injection tests, at increasing injection rates. Field results showed that conductive fractures from a dynamic and interdependent network, that individual fracture zones could not be adequately modeled as independent systems, that new fluid intakes zones appeared when pore pressure exceeded the minimum principal stress magnitude in that well, and that pore pressures much larger than this minimum stress could be further supported by the circulated fractures. These characteristics give rise to the question of the influence of the morphology of the natural fracture network in a rock mass under anisotropic stress conditions on the effects of hydromechanical couplings.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.644-649
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• 2006

This paper presents a new disk-type piezoelectric transformer. The input side of the transformer has a crescent-shaped electrode and the output side has a focused poling direction. The piezoelectric transformers operated in each transformer's resonance vibration mode. The electrodes and poling directions on commercially available piezoelectric ceramic disks were designed so that the planar or shear mode coupling factor $(k_p\;k_{15})$ becomes effective rather than the transverse mode coupling factor $(k_{31})$. ANSYS finite element code was used to analyze transformer behavior and to optimize electrode and poling configurations. The voltage step-up ratio of the proposed transformer has been markedly improved in comparison with that of the equivalent rectangular(Rosen) type. A single layer prototype transformer, $20\sim30mm$ in diameter and $1.0\sim3.5mm$ thick, was fabricated, such as step-up ratio, power transformation efficiency, and temperature were measured. While the transformer was driving a Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp(CCFL), the temperature field of the transformer was also observed.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1652-1663
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• 2002

It is desirable to perform nondestructive evaluation to assess material properties and part homogeneity because manufacturing of carbon/carbon (C/C) composites requires complicated and costly processes. In this work several ultrasonic techniques were applied to carbon/carbon composites for the evaluation of spatial variations in material properties that are attributable to the manufacturing process. In a large carbon/carbon composite manufactured by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) method, the spatial variation of ultrasonic velocity was measured and found to be consistent with the densification behavior in CVI process in order to increase the density of C/C composites. Ultrasonic velocity and attenuation depend on a density variation of materials. Low frequency through-transmission scans based on both amplitude and time-of-flight of the ultrasonic pulse were used for mapping out the material property inhomogeneity These results were compared with that obtained by dry-coupling ultrasonics. Pulse-echo C-scans was used to image near-surface material property anomalies such as the placement of spacers between disks during CVI. Also, optical micrograph had been examined on the surface of C/C composites using a destructive way.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제46권7호
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• pp.567-574
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• 2018

스월은 연료의 후퇴율 증가뿐 아니라 연소 압력의 진동을 감소시키며, 하이브리드 로켓의 연소안정화에 기여하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 스월 산화제 분사에 의한 주연소실 내부의 유동 구조의 변화를 이해하고 연소안정화의 물리적 과정을 실험적으로 연구하였다. 결과에 의하면, 스월은 주연소실의 유동 구조를 변화시켜 후연소실의 500Hz 대역 p'과 q'의 발생을 억제할 뿐 아니라 두 진동의 위상차를 변화하여 상호결합(coupling)에 영향을 주고 있음을 확인했다. 또한 후연소실 화염 가시화를 통하여 스월에 의한 선회운동량의 증가로 와류발생과 흘림 등이 변화하여 연소안정화에 기여하는 것으로 분석됐다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.108-114
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• 2002

Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) prepolymers were prepared by the condensation polymerization of 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) and succinic atid (SCA) in the presence of titanium (VI) isoproxide(TPI) catalyst. The PBS prepolymers reacted with 1,4-BD or SCA to obtain hydroxyl or carboxylic acid group terminated PBS. High molecular weight linear or branched PBS was synthesized by a coupling reaction between hydroxyl and carboxylic acid group terminated PBS, or by a branching reaction between carboxylic acid group terminated PBS and glycerol as a branching agent. The weight average molecular weight of the prepared linear or branched PBS was in the range of 100,000-220,000. Both melting point and thermal stability of the high molecular weight linear and branched PBSs were somewhat higher than those of general PBS. From a tensile behavior by Instron test, modulus, tensile strength and elongation at break improved with increase in the molecular weight of the prepared PBS through the coupling or the branching reaction. In particular, the high molecular weight linear PBS had about 2.5 times higher value in modulus than the branched one.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2012

양자물리학적 패러다임이 발견된 이래, 라비(Rabi) 진동과 같은 전자(electron)의 에너지 준위 간 연속적인 천이(transition)와 보어(Bohr) 모형으로 대표되는 불연속적 양자 도약(quantum jump)의 상충성(incompatibility)은 현재까지도 서로 자연스럽게 연결하기가 어려운 오랜 개념적 어려움으로 남아 있다. 본 연구에서는 그러나, 빛과 물질의 상호작용을 기술하는 현대적 이론 중의 하나인 양자궤적이론(quantum trajectory theory)의 관점에서 단일 모드 공진기 장(single mode cavity field)과 상호작용하는 단일 원자의 행동을 관찰한 바, 원자-장 간 상호작용의 강도(strength)가 줄어듦에 따라서 원자의 행동이 연속적 라비 진동으로부터 불연속적 양자도약의 양상으로 점진적으로 변화하여 가는 과정을 발견하고, 이 단순하면서도 흥미로운 현상에 대하여 보고한다.