• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1063-1070
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• 2010

This study examined 12 types of towels with differing fabric material, function, quality, printing, pile length, twist, etc. from a towel company which manufactures and distributes products domestically. After 3 months of use by consumers, a consumer satisfaction survey was administered and results analyzed. Four types of towels were assigned to each group and the towels were used every day for 3 months. Participant feelings after using the towel for the first time and after using it for three months were investigated. The questionnaire consisted of 26 questions on a 5-point Licket-type scale. The first 13 questions measured perceptions of absorption, touch, fine fiber loss, contamination, deformation, drying speed, and design. Other questions compared differences between the two towel types in terms of their material, function, quality, printing, pile length, and degree of twisting. Results showed that, with regards to weight, consumers preferred towels between 130~150g and a thickness of around 1.7~1.8mm. The bamboo towel was considered superior to the cotton towel in terms of sense of touch and did not happen linter after washing. The antibacterial towel was considered better than the cotton towel in terms of absorption but in terms of contamination, participants felt the antibacterial towel became dirty more easily than the cotton towel. We thought that it might be influence of the color of towel. Low-quality towels became stiffer and misshapen more easily than higher-quality towels. But the study showed that the consumers did not perceive significant differences in the towels' quality. Printed towels became thinner and their color changed more with washing. The consumers preferred the design of jacquard towels to printed towels. Towels with short piles was happened more linter than the towel with long pile after washing. Non-twisted towel were better than the highly-twisted towel in terms of sense of touch and absorption but the non-twisted towel happened more linter after washing and became dirty more easily.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.17-23
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• 2013

The reduction of metal ion from the cotton linter for the preparation of NMMO (N-methylmorpholine N-oxide)-based dissolving pulp was investigated. The NMMO-based dissolving pulp was usually used for the manufacture of high quality fabrics, and need to have high alpha cellulose content and high brightness. NMMO, which is environmentally friendly, and reusable after recovering process, is very sensitive to the metal ions such as Cu, Fe, Mg, and Cr. Electron beam, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, and ozone treatment before bleaching were used and the concentration changes of the metal ions were compared to that of EDTA, a chelating agent. It was found that both acid treatments (sulfuric and acetic acid) were very effective and comparable to EDTA treatment at the same dosage in metal ion reduction, but electron beam and ozone treatment were not. The sulfuric acid treatment turned out to be effective in metal ion reduction, and most inexpensive.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.428-433
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• 2009

Cellulose triacetate (CTA) was prepared from cotton linter and pulps which contain various contents of $\alpha$-cellulose. CTA which contains 2.8 of degree of substitution (DS) and 222 of degree of polymerization (DP) was obtained from V-81 pulp under the heterogeneous system. The DS was measured by the titration method, and the DP was obtained by measurement of viscosity. FT-IR spectometer (FT-IR 6300, JASCO) was used to analyze the chemical structure of raw materials and cellulose triacetate, and X-ray diffractometer (X-pert MPD PW3040, Philips) was used to confirm the crystal structure and to calculate the relative crystallinity index (RCI). As $\alpha$-cellulose content in pulp increased, the acetylation yield increased. Besides with a kind of pulp, it contains insoluble residue which was mainly formed due to the formation of glucomannan triacetate and xylan diacetate during the esterification.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.27-32
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• 2013

To improve the physical properties, such as swelling and flexibility, of the cotton fiber, sodium hydroxide or cellulase was used for pretreatment before the beating process. Titanium dioxide was blended during beating process to improve the fibrillation of cotton fibers and even distribution of fillers to cotton fibers. Blending with titanium dioxide during beating process, led to improve the tensile strength and beating degree This treatment also improved the opacity, resulted by well dispersed titanium dioxide during blending. By the blending of titanium dioxide during beating process, similar impact of cotton fiber with cellulase or sodium hydroxide pretreatment was achieved. To improve the tensile strength and opacity of cotton paper simultaneously, titanium dioxide blending in during beating process was found as effective treatment.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.157-167
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• 2011

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.348-355
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• 2000

The study was conducted to determine physicochemical parameters in various physical fractions (linter, hull, kernel, oil and meal) of cottonseed of different varieties (MNH 147, CIM 240, NIAB 78, FH 87, CIM 109, MNH 93, FH 682, GOHAR 87, SLS 1 and B 557). Average components of linter, hull, and kernel in different varieties of cotton were 12.21, 28.24 and 70.42%, respectively. Average percentage of meal and oil was 48.97 and 22.09% in seed, and 69.28 and 30.72% in kernel, respectively. Maximum percentage of meal was recovered from variety CIM 240 and lowest in variety CIM 109. Statistical analysls revealed variety differences (p<0.05) in seed and it's components. Average contents of crude protein, crude fiber and ash was 22.31, 17.74 and 4.27% in seed, 2.85, 56.50 and 2.61% in hull; 32.62, 3.45 and 4.01 % in kernel; 47.15, 5.00 and 5.78% in meal, respectively. Average contents of Ca, p, Mg, K, Na and Cl were 0.09, 0.22, 0.26, 0.65, 0.009 and 0.035% in seed; 0.12, 0.07, 0.09, 0.51, 0.020 and 0.034% in hull and 0.16, 0.59, 0.32, 1.01, 0.03 and 0.07% in meal of different varieties of cotton, respectively. Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn were 141.35, 24.55, 186.50 and 27.12 mg/kg in seed; 158.48, 2.06, 74.60, and 22.17 mg/kg in hulls; and 167.62, 20.30, 185.83 and 20.67 mg/kg in meal, respectively. Significant varietal differences were observed in proximate composition and mineral contents of cottonseeds and derived products. Cottonseeds and their products of varieties FH 87, CIM 109 and MNH 93 showed higher nutrient density while lower was observed in varieties CIM 240, SLS I and FH 682.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.64-74
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• 2001

This study is to find the effect of the molecular weight distribution of components on the freeness and physical properties of paper by observing the change of properties according the modification of fibers by using production technology and process technology together to develop additives which can effectively control according to the purpose of paper-making process and by combining low molecular weight cellulase (below MW 20,000; CMC activity 400 unit) with different enzyme's molecular weight and activity and high molecular weight cellulase(MW 20,000∼80,000;CMC activity 90,000 unit) and then process them in Sw-BKP(Softwood Bleached Kraft Pulp) and Hw-BKP(Hardwood Bleached Kraft Pulp) and Cotton Linter Pulp and OCC(Old Corrugated Container) with different properties of pore of surface of fibers respectively, since it is judged that making the appropriate composition ratio of components is necessary in consideration of the properties of fibers and paper-making process.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.356-359
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• 2000

The study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of seeds and various seed fractions of different varieties of cotton (MNH 147, CIM 240, NIAB 78, FH 87, CIM 109, MNH 93, FH 682, GOHAR 87, SLS I and B 557). Linter, hull, kernel and meal were obtained from cottonseed by physical and chemical methods. Free gossypol and available lysine contents of seed and it's fractions were determined. In vitro protein digestibility of cottonseed meal was also determined. Free gossypol and available lysine contents ranged between 0.22-2.26% and 0.64-1.32% in seed, and 0.03-0.29% and 1.38-2.36% in meal, respectively. FH 87 was highest both in free gossypol and available lysine content, and NIAB 78 was lowest in free gossypol content and FH 862 was lowest in available lysine content. In vitro protein digestibility of cottonseed meal ranged between 66,02-79,96%. Statistical analysis revealed significant (p<0.05) varietal differences in free gossypol, available lyslne and in vitro protein digestibility of cottonseed and derived products.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.33-33
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• 2011

Artificial silk that called "Ponggi (Gyeongsangbukdo, Korea) In-Gyeun" in Korea is entirely viscose rayon of which made main component refined larches and cotton linter. It also is natural fabrics with light weight, cool texture, free from the body and well ventilation property, so, feel good touch during the wearing. In addition, it often used as summer cloth and bedding because it has good absorbancy to perspiration and antistatic. The "Hanji", made of paper mulberry, is known as useful material for human. In this research focused on dyeability of Artificial silk/paper mulberry mixed fabrics using Dendropanax morbifera Lev.(called as "Hwangchil") Especially, the results were in comparison to the dyeing properties of Hwangchil with liquid/solid fermentation or not. As the results, The ${\Delta}E$ difference was dominated when the fabric dyed with fermentation by solid state at $60^{\circ}C$. And it was confirmed that the pH of fermented dye had an important influence in the coloration.