• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.273-282
• /
• 2003

Effect of fixation methods and relaxation treatment on the flame retardant(FR) and physical properties of MDPP/HMM treated cotton weft-knitted fabrics were studied. Combination of four different fixation methods - relaxation, swelling agent treatment, pad dry cure fixation, and wet fixation - were applied to flame retardant finish of cotton weft-knitted fabric with MDPP/HMM. As the results, 1. Swelling agent and wet fixation method helps FR agent penetrate the fiber efficiently. Interlock showed relatively higher values of LOI than single jersey. 2. Interlock showed relatively higher values of bending rigidity(B), shear rigidity(G) and coefficient of friction(MIU) than those of single jersey before and after flame resistant treatment. 3. An increase in internal volume of cotton fiber by relaxation treatment increased the bending rigidity(B), shear rigidity(G) and compressional energy(WC). 4. The cotton weft-knitted fabric treated wet fixation, which crossliked FR agent efficiently, showed higher bending rigidity, shear rigidity(G) and lower compressional energy(WC). Retention of swelling ability of cotton weft-knitted fabrics treated with MDPP/HMM, which increased the internal volume of cotton weft-knitted fabric, showed lower bending rigidity.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• 제27권
• /
• pp.35-41
• /
• 2009

In this study, waste natural fibers and natural adhesions were used to prepare an environmental biodegradable nonwoven type mulching material. Especially, the nonwoven mulching with higher content of cotton shows a improved biodegradation. Also, the physical properties of nonwoven mulching with different ratios of cotton/rayon were studied. It was found that the degree of biodegradation was controlled by the type of nonwoven materials and adhesions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.144-151
• /
• 2002

The assessment of hand of the denim fabrics finished by enzymatic hydrolysis will be discussed in this study. The subjective hand and the preference of the denim fabrics finished by enzymatic hydrolysis were evaluated using the developed scale(Part I). The factors affecting consumer's taste for denim fabrics were analyzed by statistics using SAS program. Also, the enzymatic of hydrolysis on the properties of denim fabrics were evaluated by subjective hand measurements. The results are as follows; Regarding the surface properties and the weight, Tencel was evaluated to be the finest, the smoothest, the most flexible, the warmest, the most refined, the sleekest, the flossiest, the lightest the softest, and the thinnest among the four kinds of fabrics. The other fabrics in the order of cotton/Tencel, cotton, cotton/PP were evaluated to qualify the listed touches. Tencel was evaluated to be the loosest and the weakest among the four kinds of denim. Cotton was evaluated to have the driest touch. In addition, the fabrics were evaluated to be more elastic and less wrinkly in the order of Tencel > cotton > cotton/Tencel > cotton/ PP. For the hand preference, the fabrics were ranked in the order of Tencel, cotton, cotton/Tencel, cotton/PP, where tencel is the moat preferred. Cotton/Tencel and cotton/PP showed negative values in the hand and the color preference, meaning that the evaluators disliked their touches. Hand preference of enzyme hydrolyzed cotton/Tencel and cotton/PP denims do not seem to appeal to Korean people.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• 제7권5호
• /
• pp.108-118
• /
• 2003

Surface properties, including the texture and the luster, of cotton fibers and yarns thereof play an important role in textile technology. The convolutions and the cross-sectional shape of the cotton fiber affect the fabric texture and the luster accordingly. Mercerization of the cotton fabric affects the luster, strength, and other properties of the fabric. In this study, the effect of mercerization was examined on the luster of the cotton fabric, together with the effect of polishing treatment. One of the traditional methods determining the fabric luster is the use of glossmeter or goniometric glossmeter. The use of glossmeter gives successful results in determining the gloss of rather flat and continuous surface such as plastic sheet, painted surface, or paper products. Since the textile fabrics have diverse surface structures and textures, these could be regarded as having three-dimensional surface. Such complexity imposes some difficulties for differentiating subtle surface luster properties of diverse textile fabrics. The advancement in the area of imaging technologies has enabled the micro-scale analysis of the surface textures and the fabric luster recently. Using a CCD camera, the surface luster images were taken at various incident illumination conditions. Microscale analysis, including the blob analysis, of the images could differentiate the subtle luster properties present in a group of cotton fabric samples comprising mercerized cotton fabric, non-mercerized cotton fabric, polished cotton fabric, and a 'standard' cotton fabric. The glossmeter measurement gave satisfactory but limited differentiation among the samples, whose luster differences are easily recognizable with visual observation, except for the mercerized cotton fabric sample and the non-mercerized cotton fabric. The microscale analysis of the fabric luster could, therefore, help understand the nature of diverse textile fabric luster.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1987

The effects of Aspergillus niger H-18(AN) and A.fumigatus E-29(AF) on the deterioration of test materials were examined. 1. When the fungi were inoculated to the cotton fibers placed on Czapeck agar, malt extract agar, and potato agar, they grew best on potato agar which in that context was chosen as a basal medium for deterioration studies. The tensile strength of ontton fiber on which AN was grown for 30 days decreased by 33.9% with a concommitant increase in elongation by 43.1%. 2. Cotton fabric lost the weight by 1.35%, when inoculated with AN while it lost the weight by 0.86% when inoculated with AF. 3. When AN and AF were inoculated separately on cotton fibers, tensile strength decreased by 52.8% and 43.3%, respectively, with concommitant increases in elongation by 34.2% and 29.4%, respectively. 4. The cotton was damaged more severely by AN than AF, when they were observed by scanning electron microscope.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• 제24권7호
• /
• pp.987-994
• /
• 2000

Cotton fabrics were finished with mixture of BTCA and silicone by pad-dry-cure process to achieve better mechanical properties than those of finished with BTCA alone. The changes of mechanical properties o( finished cotton fabrics were measured with by the KES-FB System and the hand values were calculated from the data of mechanical properties. With the durable press finish with BTCA tensile, bending, shear and compression properties increased. In hand values, Stiffness Crispness and Anti-Drape Stiffness increased, and Fullness & Softness decreased. Whereas silicone treatment reduced bending and shear properties and improved tensile and compressional resilience. Thus, Stiffness Crispness and Anti-Drape Stiffness decreased, and Fullness & Softness increased. These results indicated that BTCA treatment restricts fiber/yarn mobility in the fabric structure due to crosslinking, but silicone treatment reduces inter-fiber and inter-yarn frictional forces. Therefore, finish with mixture of BTCA and silicone provided cotton fabrics with a lower Stiffness, Crispness and Anti-Drape Stiffness and a higher Fullness & Softnesss than finish with BTCA alone.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.333-339
• /
• 2003

The cotton fabrics treated with 50% N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide(50% NMMO) and 75% N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide(75 % NMMO) aqueous solution were examined in terms of the dyeability comparing with those of regular cotton fabrics. The dyeing rate was increased with the increase of the concentration of NMMO in the treatment aqueous solution. The NMMO treatment increased the diffusion coefficients and decreased the activation energy of direct dye onto cotton fabrics. This means that the NMMO could change the micro-structure of cotton fabrics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• 제28권9_10호
• /
• pp.1312-1319
• /
• 2004

Underwear is laundered frequently and most of them is made of cotton, but a cotton fiber is more difficult to modify than a synthetic fiber. We have attempted to determine the optimum conditions necessary whereby the lowest concentration of silver solution is needed to produce the greatest antimicrobial properties of cotton fabrics. For this study, colloidal silver was made by electrolysis. The concentration of colloidal silver was increased by increasing the area of the silver plates submerged in the water, the water temperature, the water hardness and the flow time of the water per 1l. However, the colloidal silver concentration was decreased by extending a space between the silver plates and increasing the water velocity. Cotton fabrics treated in the washing machine with 1.3 ppm colloidal silver solution for 10 minutes had effective microbial properties and an unperceivable reduction of reflectance.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 1994

Cotton fiber and NaOH-mercerized cotton fiber had been treated by liquid ammonia and were dyed with two direct dyes, C.I. Direct Red 2 and Blue 1. The effect of the treatment on the rate of dyeing, dye adsorption isotherm, and affinity were studied. The rate of dyeing was increased in the order of NaOH-mercerized> NaOH/liquid ammonia-treated > liquid ammonia-treated>Untreated cotton irrespective of kind of dyes. The rate of dyeing for NaOH-treated fiber considerably increased, whereas liquid ammonia-treated or NaOH/liquid ammonia-treated did not because the structural transformation was not enough for the dyes to penetrate easily into the liquied ammonia-treated cottons. The time of half-dyeing was considerably reduced by mercerizing with NaOH, but lengthened by liquid ammonia treatment because of increased equilibrium dye exhaustion especially in dyeing with C.I. Dierect Red 2. In spite of a short time of the ammonia treatment for 4 seconds, the equilibrium exhaustions of both of direct dyes, C.I. Direct Red 2 and C.I. Direct Blue 1, were increased in proportion to internal volume of treated cotton under a condition of fixed affinity.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.253-263
• /
• 2003

The purposes of this study were to find out an evaluation scale that could predict wear comfort and to investigate the effect of the skin-contacting fiber type on the subjective sensation and microclimate. Sensorial evaluation was basically followed by the Human Perception Analysis (HPA) interviewing 144 consumers. Sixteen female subjects were participated in the sleeve wear test with and without wearing vapor permeable water repellent outerwear. Experimental sleeves were constructed using the same double knit by turning inside out to control other material effects except the skin-contacting fiber type, hence each different side of double knit, cotton side and the cotton/polypropylene blend side, was next to skin in each trial of the experiment. As results, it was noted that the term representing a combined feeling of thermal and wetness sensation, and muggy appeared to be a powerful language to measure perceptual responses of human subject among five dimensions of evaluation. although the ordinary users did not use the term very often. As for the comfort properties of double knits, it seemed that subjects slightly more preferred polypropylene/cotton blend to cotton as the skin-contacting fiber type when they wore outerwear and their skin were covered with sweat, although the result was rot statistically significant and need to be confirmed under higher work load.