• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.23-25
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• 2010

Archaeological evidence shows that cotton fibres of the genus Gossypium were first used for textile production at Mehrgarh, Pakistan in the Neolithic period ($6^{th}$ millenium BC). Eventually the cotton plant and textiles found their way to Egypt and through there, to Greece. However, the chronological origins of the cultivation and/or use of cotton fibres in textile production in ancient Greece are ambiguous. The main sources of information are ancient written texts and excavated textile finds. Both indicate that the introduction of cotton in Greece can be placed in the mid-first millenium BC. However, it is not clear whether the cultivation of the plant and consequently the production of cotton textiles was established in that period or whether another cotton species was produced and used locally in Greece or whether isolated examples of cotton textiles had been imported in Greece before the cotton plant. A more comprehensive analytical study of surviving textile finds coupled with archaeological research for plant production and cultivation would provide the answer to these questions.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.71-75
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• 2009

Cotton waste is usually used for cultivating agaric mushroom after outdoor fermentation for a few months. Electron beam was used to break down the polymer chaims of cotton waste for increasing low molecular weight soluble sugars, which may enhance the agaric mushroom cultivation. By increasing electron beam radiation, alpha cellulose content of the cotton waste was decreased while beta cellulose content and hot water solubles were increased. Electron beam radiation over 240 kGy on cotton waste caused significant increase of mushroom yield without lowering mushroom quality.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.105-108
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• 2005

톱밥:비트펄프:면실박(50:30:20) 배지의 면실박 대체배지로서 아주까리박, 유채박을 사용한 경우 C/N율은 대조와 유사하였고, 야자박, 코코넛박을 이용한 배지에서는 대조보다 높은 C/N율을 나타났다. 아주까리박, 유채박 사용시 배양일수는 2~5일, 초발이소요일수는 2일 지연 되었고 수량 또한 대조보다 20g이상 낮게 나타났으며 야자박, 코코넛박 사용시 배양일수는 3일 지연되었으나 수량은 관행재배 128g/병과 비슷하게 나타났다. 경제성 분석결과, 미송톱밥:비트펄프:면실박(50:30:20)의 관행재배에서 면실박 대체배지로 야자박, 코코넛박을 이용시 1000병규모로 연간 8.2회 재배 경우 소득이 각각 2,864천원, 2,733천원으로 관행재배의 2,849천원 대비 101%, 96%의 소득지수를 보였다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.844-859
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• 2013

This study investigated the characteristics and changes of cotton and silk textile production in Honam district, especially in Gurye, Jella Province from the 1930s to the 1980s. To do this, research method in this study was both literature and fieldwork research and results were as follows. First, in terms of cotton fiber cultivation of Gurye, Chinese Cotton(在來綿) has been substituted for America Cotton(陸地綿) and additionally, Yellow Cotton (黃綿) has been cultivated in the 1930s. Also, in terms of silk fiber cultivation of Gurye, Joseon Silkworm has been substituted for Japanese Silkworm by inflowing the Japanese mulberry tree. Second, in terms of spinning method, cotton spinning has been conducted at every house by an individual tool from the 1930s to the 1950s and has been gradually changed to mechanization by market shop equipped with mechanized cotton gin and cotton whipping tool. However, there have been no changes in silk spinning method from the 1930s to the 1980s. Third, loom type has been changed from the traditional Korean back-strap loom to the treadle loom between the 1930s and the 1940s. Fourth, dyeing was conducted by chemical dyestuff after weaving. The circulation of textile was done through the joint market by Japan in the 1930s~1950s and has changed to the market sales by producers since the 1950s. Fifth, since the 1970s, the outputs of cotton and silk textile of Gurye have been reduced. This was connected with the westernization and the inflow of the synthetic fiber and cloth in cotton and was related to the changes of the nation policy and silk fiber inflow from the china to the Korean farm villages.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.153-162
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• 2009

This paper introduces the probable regional and long distance trade of cotton goods among the pre-Hispanic Mesoamericans during the Classic (A.D. 200-900) period through the comparison of the available documentary sources. Based on the ethnohistoric data and the archaeological evidences it was found that cotton was used throughout the Mesoamerica by the elite ruling class. However, because cotton could not be grown at elevations above 6,000 feet it was obvious that nations such as Teotihuacan which flourished in the highland of present day Mexico City had to import cotton from the tropical coastal hotlands either through trade or tribute. Several ethnohistorical and archaeological data suggest that urban center in highland Mexico had people employed in weaving the textiles rather than cultivating or spinning cotton. Archaeological evidences such as the workshops used by the craft specialists seemed to be associated with weaving of cotton. Because of the similarity in climatic conditions for marine shells and cotton cultivation, Kolb's model seems to be applicable to the cotton trade of the classic Teotihuacan. Based on Kolb's model, it could be hypothesized that Teotihuacan-Kaminaljyyu-Maya was the indirect trade route connecting the Basin of Mexico and the Mayan regions.

• Mycobiology
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.164-167
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• 2012

The effects of aeration through lid filters on the hyphal growth of Lentinula edodes (oak mushroom) in sawdust cultivation bags were investigated. The aeration treatment levels were traditional 27 mm hole cotton plugs, cotton balls and combinations of seven hole sizes ${\times}$ two hole positions (up and under) in the lids covering plastic bags containing 1.4 kg sawdust medium at 63% moisture that had been autoclaved for one hour and inoculated with sawdust spawn of L. edodes strain 921. Aeration treatment effects were measured based on the $CO_2$ concentration at the 15th wk, as well as the hyphal growth rate and degree of weight loss of bags every 14 days for 15 wk. In bags with traditional cotton plugs, the $CO_2$ concentration was $3.8{\pm}1.3%$, daily mean hyphal growth was $2.3{\pm}0.6mm$ and daily mean weight loss was $0.84{\pm}0.26g$. In the bags with 15 mm diameter holes, the $CO_2$ concentration was $6.0{\pm}1.6%$, daily hyphal growth was $2.8{\pm}0.2mm$ and daily weight loss was $0.86{\pm}0.4g$. The bags with 15 mm holes had a higher $CO_2$ concentration and lower water loss than bags with other hole sizes, but the hyphal growth was not significantly different from that of other bags. The weight loss of bags increased proportionally relative to the lid hole sizes. Taken together, these results indicate that traditional cotton plugs are economically efficient, but 15 mm hole lids are the most efficient at maintaining hyphal growth and controlling water loss while allowing $CO_2$ emissions.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.318-339
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• 1994

본 연구는 우리나라에서 거의 소멸된 면화재배의 지역적인 축소 과정을 확인하고, 현재 농촌에서 이루어지는 면화재배의 의미를 파악하였다. 해방 이후 우리나라의 면방직 공 업은 원면도입으로 해외 원료 의존형 산업이 되었다. 환율정책으로 국내면 가격이 미국산 원조면보다 비싸지고, 정부의 식량증산 위주의 농업정책, 유통구조 등으로 인해 국내면의 재 배면적이 감소되기 시작하였다. 국내 면 재배 면적 감소의 지역적인 과정은 일차적으로 기 후조건이 면화재배에 불리한 지역에서 먼저 나타나 식량 밭작물로 대체되었고, 이후 재배 유인력이 더욱 약해짐에 따라 재배 발원지를 제외한 다른 지역에서는 거의 소멸되고 있었 다. 현재 농촌에서 면화는 이불솜 을 위한 자가 소비용, 식용, 약용외에 다른 작물의 생산성 을 높이기 위한 부작물로서 재배되고 있음이 확인되었다. 재배방법은 종래와 큰 차이가 없 이 행해지고 있었으며 노동집약적으로 생산되고 있다. 농민의 면화에 대한 애착이 강하고, 국내면으로 만든 이불솜을 선호하는 소비자들의 수요가 아직 있음이 확인되어, 정부의 정책 적인 배려와 함께 시장이 확보될 경우 국내면이 앞으로도 재배될 수 있는 가능성을 보여주 고 있었다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.218-222
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• 2003

느타리버섯 재배시 기존의 고압살균처리는 영세한 버섯재배 농민의 시설비나 운영면에서 비용이 많이 들어 야외 발효나 저온살균에 의한 저비용 고효율의 최적배지 선발을 위한 살균방법별 시험결과를 요약하면 가. 배지 재료에서는 톱밥＋면실＋왕겨 (1:1:1)배지와 톱밥＋면실＋비트 (5:3:2)처리가 비슷한 경향이었고 나. 살균방법 처리에서는 고압살균(121$^{\circ}C$, 90분) 방법보다 저온살균(50­6$0^{\circ}C$, 7일)처리가 균사배양 및 생육특성이 양호하였으며 다. 기존의 고압살균 톱밥＋면실＋비트(5:3:2)처리구 174g/1.5kg 대비 저온살균 톱밥＋면실＋왕겨 (1:1:1) 205g/1.5kg으로 18%증수되고 톱밥＋면실＋비트(5:3:2) 처리구에서는 207g/1.5kg으로 19% 증수되는 경향이었으나 톱밥＋면실에 왕겨를 첨가하나 비트펄프를 첨가하나 유의성이 없었다. 라. 봉지 재배시 저온살균이 고압살균대비 경영비 12% 절감과 농가소득 향상에 기여 할 것으로 기대된다

• 복식문화연구
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.471-482
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• 2016

This study investigated the characteristics of cotton production of Damyang-gun & Hwasun-gun, Yeongsan River compared with that of Gurye-gun, Seomjingang River in modern times. To do this, research method was both literature and fieldwork research, results were as follows. First, as for cotton fiber cultivation in Damyang-gun & Hwasun-gun, Chinese cotton (在來綿) has been cultivated during Japanese Colonial era unlike Gurye-gun. Especially, Yellow cotton (黃綿) has been cultivated in Hwasungun. Second, as for spinning in Damyang-gun, Hwasun-gun and Gurye-gun, some of cotton spinning process have been gradually changed to mechanization by market shop equipped with mechanized cotton gin and cotton whipping tool since Japanese colonial era. Third, the loom types also, like spinning tools, have been changed from the traditional Korean back-strap loom to the treadle loom in Damyang-gun, Hwasungun and Gurye-gun. Chemical dyeing with chemical dyestuff also has been done since Japanese Colonial era. Fourth, since the 1970s, the outputs of cotton production have been reduced in both Damyang-gun & Hwasun-gun. For Damyang-gun, this has been connected with bamboo craft since the Joseon Dynasty period. So, Damyang-gun has more concentrated on bamboo craft than cotton production. For Hwasun-gun, since Japanese Colonial era, sericulture has been very important. So, Hwasun-gun also has more concentrated on sericulture than cotton production. The main reason to discontinue cotton production in Damyang-gun, Hwasun-gun and Gurye-gun was related to the local choice like economic added value.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.470-479
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• 1982

Researches on industrial crops in Korea before 1962 were concentrated on fiber crops such as cotton, kenaf, hemp, ramie and flax. Then research works on oil crops, sugar crops and other high income crops were followed. However, no land is shared for the production of kenaf, flax, sugar beet, sweet sorghum and sunflower at present in Korea, while the cultivation of cotton, hemp, ramie and mat rush is decreasing continuously to the marginal point. At present researches are emphasized on oil crops such as seasame, peanut and perilla and high income medicinal herbs of which cultivating acreages are increasing. Numerous varieties were released as a result of active breeding works on industrial crops since 1962, i.e. 3 sesame varieties including "Suweon 21", 3 peanut varieties including "Seoduntangkong", and 6 rape varieties including "Yudal" in oil crops, one cotton variety "Mokpo 7", one hemp variety "MS4-1", and one kenaf variety "Suweon 2" in fiber crops, and two stevia varieties "Suweon 2" and "Suweon II" in sugar crops. Quality improvement of rape seeds and development of hybrid rapes utilizing male sterile lines are the most significant results of breeding works, while the establishment of vinyl mulching cultivation of sesame and peanut are the most successful results in agronomic researches during the last 20 years.re the most successful results in agronomic researches during the last 20 years.