• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.6 s.111
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• pp.631-652
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• 2005

This study is to clarify regional structure and connection of international physical distribution through clearance depot of Cheongju customs of inland location. The trade of clearance depot of Cheongju customs industrial characteristics reflects of territorial hinterland. As origins and destinations of freight as exports and imports region, territories of Cheongju customs trade mainly with Japan, China, and USA. Origin and destination of freight of Cheongju customs territory are hinterland and foreland of Incheon International Airport and Busan port. In case of export, foreland of Busan port is board, and in case of import, the hinterlands of Incheon International Airport and Busan port are similar. Clearance depot of inland-located Cheongju is construct by the advantages of rapidness and inexpensive cost. And the kind of freight and system of physical distribution of each enterprise show different characteristics. For each export and import freight, each shipper corporation has its own physical distribution system, and structure of international distribution is classified into export pattern of bonded industry and bonded warehouse. Again the patterns of bonded warehouse are distinguished free on board price system with division of labor in base of production in overseas, free on board price system, and cost-insurance-freight with division of labor in base of production in overseas. These Phenomena are caused by transaction between headquarter and its overseas corporation, initiative freight handling of export corporation, choice of inexpensive cost, and international convention.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2002.03a
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• pp.39-51
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• 2002

Online exchange is a cost-effective approach to trade goods and information among multiple sellers and buyers. Shipping industry includes lots of global entities such as shippers, liners, ship owners and shipping agents. Marine insurance companies and ship repairers and many other groups are also supporting the industry. However, international shipping exchanges are located on few cities in the world. Its our motivation that a shipping market can be online so that market participants do the dealing while sitting where they are with more efficient manner, preferable price and larger pool of candidates of trading partners. This paper presents Korean governmental project of building a cyber shipping exchange. The exchange covers ship sale and purchase, charter, insurance, freight futures, repairs, supplying of ships oil and database service. The workflows of each business were analyzed and designed to fit for online environment. The project includes design of trading mechanism, online documents, data flow, data storage and security. Online match making and trading mechanisms such as auction, reverse auction, bid are used. The whole trading process involves multiple organizations and business processes. So, this Paper focuses on how each organization would play their roles so that users can complete transactions with integrated and transparent view. The online exchange selves also as maritime portal site that links to other sites for cooperation vertically or horizontally, and serves database and information in global perspective. This paper also issues and discusses the justification of an online shipping exchange

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.461-470
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• 2020

The objective of this research is to examine the factors affecting the decision-making of International Commercial Terms (Incoterms) of automotive parts manufacturers in Thailand. This mixed method study applied qualitative and quantitative research methods and utilized the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to prioritize the significance of the factors. By an in-depth literature review and expert interview, four main criteria were identified. These criteria include Operating costs, Cooperation and bargaining power, Knowledge and understanding and Operation duration then main criteria divided into fifteen sub-criteria. The common Incoterms, Ex Works (EXW), Free On Board (FOB), Free Carrier (FCA), and Cost, Insurance and Freight (CIF), were determined as alternatives to the incoterms through a preliminary survey. The results revealed that the operating costs were the most important factor for the company. Moreover, it was discovered that this was consistent with the priority of the secondary factors, which included the annual budget for the transportation expenses and product value at one time. The respondents' perspective suggested that FCA was the most appropriate Incoterms for international trade for a company. The findings of this research suggest a hierarchy model for organizations to prioritize the significant factors in order to make a decision on the most appropriate Incoterms.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.177-199
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• 2015

Commerce enriches human life enriched and within commerce, transportation of cargo is arguably the most important in business transactions. Traditionally, marine transport has been major commercial transaction, but carriage cargo by air is on the increase. While the fare for freight in comparison with that of ocean is higher, air freight has many benefits that justify the higher shipping fee; lower insurance premium, packing charges, inventory control, cost management and especially speed. Therefore, air freight transport is accumulating gradually. An air waybill(AWB) is needed in the air transport flow. It is a nonnegotiable security, so the holder cannot transfer of a right to a third party. Some scholars suggest that a negotiable AWB is needed. However, it seems nearly impossible to do so; an e-AWB use shows a gain in numbers, even if it has not met expectations. Going forward, it would appear reasonable to conduct a follow-up study on the utility and legal problem for e-AWB. After sending goods, the consignor has the right of disposition of cargo in some cases, and more research is necessary, because it is related to change of ownership and a trade settlement. According to WATS (World Airlines Transport Statistics), the Korean Air took third place in international freight in 2014, and fifth in total, domestic and international to great acclaim. However, there is a lack of research supporting the business showing. It is hope that more studies on e-AWB, stoppage in transit, and a risk of outstanding amount, etc. connect to develop Korean air freight industry.