• KIEAE Journal
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.57-64
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• 2002

Nowadays the importance of Building Remodeling as a means to create an architectural environment capable of responding to the social, economic changes has increased more than before. After long time pass, the aged building have faced the need for the overall repair of the structure and function. Remodeling is much more saving the time and cost than new construction in the office building. This study was focused in functional and efficient evaluation. Based on these points, we developed the evaluation factors, and verified a validity of evaluation factors through a survey. The purpose of this study was focused on the Analysis for Recognizing the priority of Indoor Environmental Factors in office Remodeling. This study provides us the competitive guidance of remodeling. The owners and tenants take the maximum efficiency with the minimum cost.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.147-157
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• 2004

Enterprises and governments currently utilize COTS based information systems which are a kind of component based systems. Especially, COTS are widely utilized as information security systems and information systems including information security functions. This paper suggests an appropriate adaptation level of security functional components and a cost effective priority among them. To make a cost effective decision on adapting security functional components, this paper develops a hierarchical model of information security technologies and analyzes findings through multiple decision-making criteria.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.14 no.24
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• pp.133-139
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• 1991

If the specifications of product. in general. art determined too wide. the precision of product becomes diminished. Otherwise it costs dearly to keep the precision. Therefore, It is realistic to consider various factors in determining specification of qualify characteristics TAGUCH Idefines quality of an object as "Quality is the loss that a product causes to society after being shipped. other than any losses caused by its intrinsic function". Particularly, to improve the performances of product TAGUCHI focuses his attention on the product design and process design which enable the functional characteristics of product to he robust to noises. In this paper, by the TAGUCHI's loss function, the characteristics which affect the variation of a product performance are classified into the scrappable characteristics and the reworkable characteristics when the target values of functional characteristics have been determined. And we will determine the tolerance of each characteristic which minimize the quality cost by the cost function which considers the economic factors and probability features of each characteristic.cteristic.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.190-205
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the consumption of health functional foods according to age group. We surveyed 300 subjects with quota sampling aged 10 to 50 and over. The rate of consumption of health functional foods by users was substantial (52.7%). Consumers of health functional foods showed higher scores for interest in health (3.97 vs 3.49, P<0.001) and knowledge of health functional foods (3.79 vs 3.30, P<0.001) than non-consumers of health functional foods. Regarding consumers of health functional foods, the number (P<0.01) and types (P<0.05) of health functional foods, reasons for taking (P<0.05), motivations for buying (P<0.05), periods of taking (P<0.001), cost per month (P<0.01), observance of instruction (P<0.01), and effectiveness (P<0.01) were significantly different according to age group. For non-consumers of health functional foods, reasons for not-taking (P<0.01) and types of health functional foods to be planned (P<0.001) were different according to age group. For consumers and non-consumers, problems (P<0.01) andimprovements (P<0.001) for health functional foods showed significant differences according to age group. The majority of subjects (85.4%) answered that heath functional foods had no side-effects. Reported side effects were inappetence (6.6%), constipation (2.6%), and headache (2.0%). In conclusion, differentiated strategies and specialized education programs according to age group might be needed for promoting adequate consumption and preventing side-effects of health functional foods.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.22-31
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• 2001

Purpose of this study is to compare the cost effectiveness of home care services for the cerebrovascular accident patients by the type of institution. The method is the secondary analysis using the patients' charts. 107 subjects and 1.417 visits were sampled from each type of home care institution such as one hospital based home care center. one KNA home care center, one urban health center, one rural health center and one health care post. Result: There were differences in the functional status of patients and the service contents and frequencies provided by the type of home care institution, The cost per visit for one unit of ADL by the hospital based home care was higher than by the community-based home care. Conclusion: It was suggested that the referral system among the home care institutions would be developed to improve the cost-effectiveness.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.8-13
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• 2009

The recent Web service field emerges as the fastest growing IT paradigm as a result of the increasing interest in SOA (Services-Oriented Architecture) and the expansion of B2B market. With an increasing number of Web service that provide similar features, it becomes more important to provide the most appropriate service for the user's request. A service user in general requires the quality information of Web service when selecting a service among a number of similar Web services. Yet, finding a service through UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery and Integration) does not consider the non-functional aspects of users because it is only based on the functional aspects. That is, the quality, non-functional aspect will be an important factor for the mutual success of the user and provider. Using 3 factors in the Qos factors of the existing studies: the execution cost, reliability, and the quality level, the QoS of Web service is saved and the factors for the QoS are recorded in order to consider non-functional factors when selecting a Web service in this study. The Quality Broker determines the rank and shows the desired result of the service for users. The Quality Broker suggested in this thesis can be used to select a Web Service that considers the user-oriented and non-functional factors.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2024.07a
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• pp.738-744
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• 2024

Cost measurement plays the fundamental role within the modern construction and project management models, where not only materials, labors and services are measured by cost but also programme delays, quality defects and project risks are converted to be measured as cost. However, the problems of cost measurement models have been analyzed only from the aspect of owners and contractors who construct the buildings, not from the aspect of users who use buildings. In this article, analysis of data surrounding the current high inflation of construction costs in England is conducted, to find out its route causes within the current and historical development of construction cost measurement models. The conclusion is that current cost measurement models are based on the aspect of owners and contractors, which is to assess buildings as monetary asset for short-term taxation purpose, without due regard how buildings are used by users for long-term. Alternative cost measurement models based on the aspect of users are proposed, which assess buildings as functional asset for its long life-cycle. Pros and cons of these two adverse models are discussed in details, and harmonization between owners, contractors and users are sought, in order to arrive at a more consistent cost measurement approach which can be equally applied to buildings and built-environment by all stakeholders involved.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 2018

Cost-effective functional phosphor nanoparticles are prepared by introducing low-cost $SiO_2$ spheres to rare-earth phosphor ($YVO_4:Eu^{3+}$, $YVO_4:Er^{3+}$, and $YVO_4:Nd^{3+}$) shells using a sol-gel synthetic method. These functional nanoparticles are characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and general photoluminescence spectra. The $SiO_2$ sphere occupying the interior of the conventional phosphor is advantageous in significantly reducing the cost of expensive rare-earth phosphor nanoparticles. The sol-gel process facilitates the core-shell structure formation; the rare-earth shell phosphor has strong interactions with chelating agents on the surfaces of $SiO_2$ nanoparticles and thus forms layers of several nanometers in thickness. The photoluminescence wavelength is simply tuned by replacing the active materials of $Eu^{3+}$, $Er^{3+}$, and $Nd^{3+}$. Moreover, the photoluminescent properties of the core-shell nanoparticles can be optimized by manipulating the specific contents of active materials in the phosphors. Our simple approach substitutes low-cost $SiO_2$ for expensive rare-earth-based phosphor materials to realize cost-effective phosphor nanoparticles for various applications.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

This study aims to examine the relationship between total quality management(TQM) practices and operational performance perceived by employees who are in different functional organization types, R&D function and Non-R&D function organization in manufacturing companies. Operational performance is defined as the degree of operation efficiency in the perspective of quality, delivery, and cost. Our study showed that the significant elements of TQM practice were different depending on functional organization types. In case of R&D organization, the categories of customer focus and process management were the strongest significant predictors of operational performance. Therefore, the optimal TQM practices for R&D organization can be obtained in consideration of customer focus and process management.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.63.1-63.1
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• 2012

In recent years, the functional inks for printed electronics that can be combined with a variety of printing techniques have attracted increasingly significant interest for use in low cost, large area, high performance integrated electronics and microelectronics. In particular, the development of solution-processable conductor, semiconductor and insulator materials is of great importance as such materials have decisive impacts on the electrical performance of various electronic devices, and, therefore, need to meet various requirements including solution processability, high electrical performance, and environmental stability. Semiconductor inks such as IGO, CIGS are synthesized by chemical solution method and microwave reaction method for TFT and solar cell application. Fine circuit pattern with high conductivity, which is valuable for flexible electrode for PCB and TSP devices, can be printed with highly concentrated and stabilized conductor inks such as silver and copper. Solution processed insulator such as polyimide derivatives can be use to all printed TFT device. Our research results of functional inks for printed electronics provide a recent trends and issues on this area.