• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.45-55
• /
• 2022

Purpose: Consumers' experience of functional attributes is remembered, and the experience lowers the cost of consumers' input from their point of view and reduces uncertainty. It also plays an important role in consumers' positive emotions and responses. Accordingly, if information search costs are reduced in terms of the costs perceived by consumers about restaurants, a strategy differentiated from other companies can be established. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of functional congruence of restaurant stores on information search cost reduction, positive/negative emotions, and loyalty. Research Design, Data, and Methodology: This study investigated functional congruence, information search cost reduction, and positive/negative emotions. The structural relationship between loyalty was analyzed. To verify this, a research hypothesis was established based on previous studies and a research model was constructed. The questionnaire items were modified and used according to the current study, based on previous studies. The data were collected using the questionnaire method from 187 people who had dining out experience. Frequency analysis was performed to confirm demographic characteristics. Reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the collected data were verified. The research model was analyzed with a structural equation modeling (SmartPLS 4). Results: The findings show that functional congruence had significant positive effects on information search cost reduction and positive emotion, but no significant effect on negative emotion. Information search cost reduction had significant positive effects on positive emotion/negative emotion but did not significantly affect loyalty. Lastly, both positive and negative emotions had significant positive effects on loyalty. Conclusion: Based on transaction cost theory, this study found how functional congruence and information search cost reduction influence consumers' emotions. The functional attributes of restaurants were perceived by customers as information, thus uncertainty was decreased. Finally, appropriate management strategies and implications of functional congruence and information search cost in the restaurant were suggested.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.277-286
• /
• 2019

The study aims to analyze the influence of egoistic, altruistic and biospheric value on green functional benefit, green monetary cost, green satisfaction and green loyalty. The study analyzes the effect of green functional benefit and green monetary cost on green satisfaction and green loyalty, as well as green satisfaction on green loyalty. The study employs quantitative methods with customers who have green brand purchase experience in Indonesia. Non-probability sampling was conducted using purposive sampling method based on predetermined criteria, which are customers who have already purchase and use green brand products. A total of 402 samples were analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling. The result shows that the data support hypotheses on egoistic and biospheric value, hypotheses on green functional benefit effect to green satisfaction and green loyalty, as well as green monetary cost effect to green loyalty. The other hypotheses are not supported by data. As a conclusion, it is egoistic and biospheric value that has positive effect on green loyalty, while green functional benefit and green monetary cost act as mediation between the value orientation and green loyalty. As managerial implication, green brand marketing strategy should incorporate egoistic and biospheric values in messages in advertising and promotion.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.181-196
• /
• 2012

The cost of software maintenance occupies about two thirds in the software lifecycle. However, it is not easy to estimate the cost of software maintenance because of various viewpoints about software maintenance, unclear estimation methods, and complex procedures. Until now, the cost estimation model has used compensation factors for software characteristic and environment on the basis of program size. Especially, most of existing models use maintenance rate of total software cost as a main variable. This paper suggests the software maintenance cost estimation model that uses the result of calculating real maintenance efforts. In this paper, we classify functional maintenance and non-functional maintenance as software maintenance activity type. For functional maintenance, present function point of target software is needed to evaluate. The suggested maintenance cost evaluation model is applied to a software case in public sector. This paper discusses some differences between our model and other modes.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.207-213
• /
• 2010

Now days, the marketing environment is rapidly changed. Therefore, a lot of companies try to reduce production cost. Especially, Design is a important activities in new product development. While the concepts of design for manufacturable and concurrent engineering have made significant advances in integrating the design function with other areas in the firm. There are still major gaps in timely and accurate costing information available to designers. Inappropriate design could result in high redesign cost and delay in product relation. The generation of design and improvement is a time-consuming and mentally exhaustion process. It involves combining design features to generate as many potential design as possible. As not all features combinations are feasible, decision-makers have to narrow down the potential solutions and subsequently select appropriate design for further development. This new study is composed of 3 steps aiming at the Low Cost Design of the product. The three steps are consisted that setting up the target Cost, estimating the current functional cost, the design of a unit's reviewing according to the priority of the difference between the target cost and the functional cost.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 제어로봇시스템학회 1986년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집; 한국과학기술대학, 충남; 17-18 Oct. 1986
• /
• pp.367-369
• /
• 1986

Guaranteed cost control is a method applicable to a class of systems with uncertain parameters that guarantees an upper bound of the cost functional. This paper is concerned with a matrix decomposition technique used to yield a reasonable upper bound of the cost functional for a finite-time LQ regulator problem. The uncertain linear systems dealt with in this paper are described by a set of state equations of single-input phase-variable canonical form which contain unknown but bounded uncertain parameters.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
• /
• 제11권6호
• /
• pp.3-13
• /
• 2010

개산견적 모델은 예측의 정밀성뿐만 아니라 설계대안 변화에 대한 유연성, 사용자 중심의 효율성을 고려해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 이를 구현하기 위해 건축물을 구성하는 여러 포함시설을 건축양상에 맞게 주요 용도별로 분류하여 공사비 영향변수로 설정한 다음, 통계적 분석을 통해 용도별 시설단가 관계함수를 도출하여 공사비를 예측하는 용도별 분류에 의한 공사비 산정개념을 제안하였다. 그리고 대표적 군사시설인 육군 병영생활관을 대상으로 용도별 공사비 산정 개념을 모델화하고 신규사례를 대상으로 모델의 신뢰성을 검증하였다. 용도별 공사비는 견적의 정밀성을 향상시켰을 뿐만 아니라, 발주자 니즈(Needs)를 반영한 용도별 조합과 그 규모에 따른 맞춤형 공간을 계획할 수 있고 다양한 설계 대안에 대한 비용비교가 가능하다.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.107-126
• /
• 2005

The most limited production resource in Korea is land. During the period from 1995 to 2002, annual farm land area of 17,600ha have been converted to urban and industrial land. The self-sufficiency rate of rice, Korean staple food, is expected to be decreased from 97.5% in 2003 to 60-70% in 2020. Under such conditions, this study is aimed at first identifying multi-functional benefits of the reclamation projects such as agricultural production, industrial water supply, urban land supply, transportation effects, sightseeing effects and environmental values with and without the projects. To carry out the objectives, three existing tideland reclamation projects such as Daeho, Kumgang and Yongsangang irrigation project stage II were evaluated and Saemangeum tideland reclamation project which was jointly revaluated by environmental NGO and Govn't appointed specialists in 2000 was reviewed. According to this study results, tide land reclamation projects were showed financially and economically feasible and environmentally sustainable. The joint cost like estuary dam should be allocated based on the multi-functional benefits of the projects. To allocate the joint cost, legal and institutional improvement should adapt the joint cost allocation method as the specific cost-remaining benefit method. Korea has more than 402,000 ha of tidal flat of which 76,396ha have been reclaimed in 2003. To meet food security and to cope with shortage of land, phil-environmental reclamation projects should be continuously implemented and necessary tidal flats for protecting environmental ecosystem should be remained according to the detail survey results of reclaimable resources.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국건설관리학회 2003년도 학술대회지
• /
• pp.120-125
• /
• 2003

기획단계에서의 예상 공사비 추정은 사업성 자체를 판단하는 중요한 자료로써 활용된다. 그러므로 사업주는 보다 정확한 금액자료의 산출을 기대하는데 이를 위해서 세계적으로 Cost 전문가들의 많은 연구검토가 있어 왔으나 아직 국내의 적산사는 주로 물량산출 및 상세 견적업무에만 매달려 있는 실정이다. 본 논문은 요소별/기능 부위별 비용의 분석을 통한 Database를 활용하여 개산견적의 결과물을 보다 정확하게 만든 사례의 소개를 통해 국내 개산견적 실무에 일조하고자 한다.

• East Asian mathematical journal
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.171-188
• /
• 2006

We consider the problem of an optimal control of the wave equation with a localized nonlinear dissipation. An optimal control is used to bring the state solutions close to a desired profile under a quadratic cost of control. We establish the existence of solutions of the underlying initial boundary value problem and of an optimal control that minimizes the cost functional. We derive an optimality system by formally differentiating the cost functional with respect to the control and evaluating the result at an optimal control.

• 소음진동
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.29-35
• /
• 1995

This paper presents the simultaneous optimal design of structure and LQG control systems for the improvement of riding comforts of active vehicle suspension systems. The performance index of riding comforts is extended to include frequency-weighted acceleration in the quadratic cost functional. Janeway human response curve with respect to acceleration is used to verify the usefulness of the presented method. The method is applied to a half model of an active vehicle suspension systems with elastic body moving on randomly profiled road. The values of stiffness of suspensions are used for the structural design variables. The conjugate gradient method is used for optimization. The simulated results of simultaneous optimization with frequency-weighted cost functional are compared with those without frequency- weighted cost functional.