• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.549-556
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• 2006

Life cycle cost is one of important factors in the evaluation of economy feasibility. Load carrying capacity curves for girders and decks are derived on the basis of bridge diagnostic results and condition grade curves to determine the service life and life cycle profile. The total life cycle costs including initial cost, damage cost, maintenance cost, user cost, and etc for the service life are calculated for steel box girder, PSC-I girder and rationalized plate girder. The optimal designs are performed for various service lifes and different superstructure types. The effects of parameters on the life cycle cost are investigated and the economy feasibility is evaluated through the sensitivity analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.131-138
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• 1986

The present study was designed to explore housing phenomena in relation to rental cost. More specially it attempted 1) to investigate the household, house, rental characteristics, rental cost, renter's subjective evaluation about rental cost and residential behavior, 2) to determine the household, house and rental characteristics which may be used to predict the renter's subjective evaluation about the present rental cost, 3) to determine the relationship between rental cost and residential behavior. Cluster random sampling methods was used, 119 housewives in songdong-gu, were interviewed using a structured questionaire. The major findings were described in detail. In general, results showed that renter's living in house with more serious conditions felt their rental costs a heavy burdenn even when the cost was inexpensive, seemed not able to plan their housing in case of rising of rental costs.

• Journal of Advanced Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.287-294
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• 2018

Since its introduction in Korea, design VE has widely been used as a means to enhance values in the construction industry. However, a greater emphasis is still placed on cost reduction in approach attitudes and performance evaluations on the implementation of design VE. In this regard, this study presented a performance evaluation method for cost, function, and value of VE proposals. Numerical criteria on the increase and decrease of cost and function that can classify the value enhancement type of VE proposals were proposed based on the performance evaluation method. It is expected that the use of numerical criteria for the type classification of VE proposal, and cost and performance evaluation method proposed in this study will make it possible to conduct a clear and more intuitive evaluation of VE proposal. However, it is appropriate to use the numerical criteria as a guideline to apply the new performance evaluation method for VE proposals. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a statistical analysis with a wider range of users after the repeated application of the findings of this study, and thus to carry out research for presenting the numerical criteria for various types of users.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.85-105
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• 1981

Information is an essential factor leading the rapid progress which is one of the distinguished characteristics in modem society. As more information is required and as more is supplied by individuals, governmental units, businesses, and educational institutions, the greater will be the requirement for efficient methods of communication. One possibility for improving the information dissemination process is to use computers. The capabilities of such machine are beginning to be used in the process of Information storage, retrieval and dissemination. An important problems, that must be carefully examined is whether one technique for information retrieval is better for worse than another. This paper examines problem of how to evaluate an information retrieval system. One specific approach is a cost accounting model for use in studying how to minimize the cost of operating a mechanized retrieval system. Through the use of cost analysis, the model provides a method for comparative evaluation between systems. The general cost accounting model of the literature retrieval system being designed by this study are given below. 1. The total cost accounting model of the literature retrieval system. The total cost of the literature retrieval system = (the cost per unit of user time X the amount of user time) + ( the cost per unit of system time X the amount of system time) 2. System cost accounting model system cost = (the pre-search system cost per unit of time X time) + (the search system cost per unit of time X time) + (the post search system cost per unit of time X time) 1) Pre-search system cost per unit of time = cost of channel per unit time + cost of central processing unit per unit time + cost of storage per unit time 2) Search system cost per unit of time = comparison cost + document representation cost. 3) Post-search system cost per unit of time. = cost of channel per unit time + cost of central processing unit per unit time + cost of storage per unit time 3. User cost accounting model Total user cost = [pre-search user cost per unit of time X (time + additional time) ] + [search user cost per unit of time X (time + additional time) ] + [post-search user cost per unit of time X (time + additional time) ].

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.187-194
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• 2018

Aids to Navigation (AtoN) is a marine traffic safety facility used to facilitate the safe and efficient movement of shipping and enhance the protection of the marine environment by the regulations or guidelines of The International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA). Our country is managing AtoN to provide consistent services for AtoN users, although an average of 141 AtoN accidents occur annually. An AtoN accident forces non-planned work on the managers to resort the function, and causes psychological anxiety for its users, ultimately resulting in economic losses. This study developed the Social Cost evaluation model of AtoN accidents. The model can be used to quantify the manager's economic activities related to the shutdown and recovery, as well as the cost associated with the inconvenience to AtoN users. The Social Cost evaluation model of AtoN accidents is proposed as the sum of the encounter cost, administration cost and risk cost.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to compare medical cost of hospice care and that of conventional care during the last year of life, and identify factors that influenced the cost. From January to August 2003 592 terminal cancer patients receiving care from 5 hospice care units and 2 hospice care teams in general hospitals were enrolled to case group. Two hundreds and seventy two terminal cancer patients receiving conventional care from 7 general hospitals were enrolled to hospital-based control group, and 1,636 terminal cancer patients from 122 general hospitals located in same regions with the 7 hospitals were enrolled to community-based control. We used characteristics and medical cost from data of National Health Insurance Cooperation. Total medical cost per beneficiary in cases was about 10 millions won, 14.5 millions in hospital-based controls and 11.1 millions in community-based controls. The hospice care saved $45\%$ over the last year of life compared with hospital-based controls (p<0.0001). Saving of inpatient cost account for approximately $80\%$ of saving per beneficiary. Hospice care saved $29\%$ of medical cost per hospitalization day compared with hospital­based controls and $17\%$ compared with community-based controls (p<0.0001). Multiple regression analyses showed that hospice care significantly saved the medical cost. This study suggest that hospice care save medical cost compared with hospital-based control and community-based control. Most of saving of inpatient cost account for approximately $80\%$ of saving of medical cost.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.26-34
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• 2009

This paper is related to MQL (Minimum Quantity Lubrication) milling process, which is one of the environmentally friendly cuttings. The objective is to compare MQL milling process with conventional cutting fluid systems. To this end, machinability of MQL milling process was investigated, followed by the cost evaluation. Cutting force, surface roughness, tool wear, and cutting temperature were compared with each cutting fluid method. Consequently, total production costs wear evaluated with the mathematical models in terms of machining cost and cutting fluid loss.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.82-84
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• 2000

This paper deals with a evaluation algorithm of interruption cost in distribution systems in the case where Dispersed Storage and Generation (DSG) systems are interconnected with the distribution systems. If DSG systems are operated as the function of the load levelling in distribution systems at the normal conditions and as the uninterruptible power supply in fault areas at the emergency conditions, the reliability improvement of the distribution systems can be expected. In other words, the benefit can be represented by the cost avoiding interruption according to the operation of DSG systems when a fault is occurred. Therefore, this paper presents the evaluation algorithm for interruption cost in order to evaluate the benefit for the uninterruptible power supply of DSG systems in a quantitative manner.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.171-176
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• 2021

This paper deals with bid evaluation problem that chooses the vendors and quantity with minimum purchasing cost for bid information of setup cost and unit price. For this problem, the branch-and-bound(BB) and branch-and-cut(BC) methods are well-known. But these methods can be fail to obtain the optimal solution. This paper gets the initial feasible solution with procuring quantity assignment principle in accordance with the unit price or setup cost rank-first. Then procuring quantity moving optimization(vendor change) is execute take account of unit price or setup cost rank. As a result of experimentation, the propose algorithm is significantly lower compared to BB and BC.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.511-516
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• 2008

Since 1989, Advanced drinking water treatment processes began to build in Korea, especially the water treatment plants around the Nak-dong river stream due to sequential pollutant accidents. Moreover, Advanced drinking water treatment processes, ozone and GAC, are again to be built in water treatment plants around Han-river stream to control taste and odor, micro pollutants. However, there are still a lot of discussion to decide the processes to apply for advanced treatment. Thus there are still need to understand clearly on the cost evaluation of each advanced treatment processes. The cost evaluation was accomplished based on the data of six water treatment plants which are currently being either operating or constructing. Exceptionally, PAC(Powdered Activated Carbon) process was evaluated with cost estimation from construction company. The capital cost per unit volume of ozone process was significantly decreased as the treatment capacity increased. The capital cost was in the order of GAC, ozone and GAC. The operation cost decreased in the order of PAC, GAC and ozone. The total cost considering present value shows that ozone process covers 84% of ozone and GAC process for $30,000m^3/d$ capacity while it covers less than 35% for over 140 thousands $m^3/d$ capacity. Comparing GAC only, and ozone/GAC process, ozone/GAC process is more cost effective for high capacity water treatment plant.