• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.104-111
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the contents of preservatives in cosmetic lotions and creams. The 55 kinds of creams and the 45 kinds of lotions were tested, and the 6 kinds of preservatives such as sorbic acid (SA), benzoic acid (BA), methlparaben(MP), ethylparaben(EP), propylparaben(PP) and butylparaben(BP) were determined for domestic and foreign cosmetics by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The recovery rates of methanol extraction and distillation method were respectively the range of 84.82 - 99.62% and 17.47 - 79.91% for the spiking concentration of 1.2% in the cosmetic lotions. Excellent isolation was showed at the wavelength of 230nm for 6 kinds of preservatives. Preservatives were detected for all tested samples and their concentration were not exceeded in cosmetic combination limits. Paraoxybenzoate esters(MP, EP, PP, BP) were used in the 98.0% of samples and not less than 2 kinds of preservatives were used in samples.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.293-298
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• 2003

This study was attempted to develop the physicochemical ad morphological stability test methods for the cream and lotion formulations among the cosmetic foundations and to provide the guidance for the stability methods with respect to basic emulsions and creams. With these developed stability test methods, we can evaluate the expired date or life time of the available basic cosmetics, especially basic lotions ad creams. Also, the stability test methods established in this study can be used as a guideline to test physical and morphological stability of cosmetics in the future. Thus, we selected two types of basic cosmetics such as lotions and creams made by four different cosmetic companies ad applied them to the stability test methods depending on the temperature changes such as temperature cycling and freezing-thawing cycling test. After the temperature changes, the conductivity, turbidity, particle size, creaming ratio and pH changes of the creams and lotions were evaluated and morphological changes such as crystal formation, odor, color and feeling of the creams and lotions were also tested. As the results of the stability tests, all the tested creams and lotions except for one lotion were stable. Therefore, it may be concluded that these short-term accelerated stability tests as physical stability test depending on the temperature change study were suitable for the stability testing methods for the basic cosmetics and may be useful for the establishment of the guideline for the stability test of cosmetics.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.528-528
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• 2003

The present study was undertaken to develop the in vitro sun protection factor(SPF) test method having good correlation with in vivo method using human. 8% homomentyl salicylate, P3 reference standard and commercially available sunscreen products were measured by the in vitro method using SPF 290S analyzer, and the SPFs were compared with the SPFs measured by in vivo test method. In vitro SPFs of 8% HMS and P3 reference standard were 4.59 $\pm$ 0.12 and 14.94 $\pm$ 0.83. There are good correspondence, correlation coefficients were 0.9506 and 0.9769 respectively, between the in vitro and in vivo SPFs for the sunscreen creams and lotions. Correlation coefficients of makeup base/liquid foundation, lotion labled with "shake before use" and compact powder were 0.8812, 0.8632 and 0.5984 respectively. The optimum mixture ratio of compact powder and cream base represents 1:0.8. These results suggest that the in vitro SPF test method will be able to be used as an alternative method for in vivo SPF in case of lotion and cream.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.171-184
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• 2002

The present study was undertaken to develop the in vitro sunprotection factor(SPF) measurement method having good correlation with in vivo method. As in vitro method, 8% homomentyl salicylate, P3 reference standard and sunscreens on market were measured using SPF 290 analyzer and were compared the SPF with labed value. In vitro SPF of 8% HMS and P3 reference standard were 4.59 $\pm$ 0.12 and 14.94 $\pm$ 0.83. There are good correlation, correlation factor were 0.9506 and 0.9769 respectively, between the in vitro and in vivo SPF for the sunscreen creams and lotions examined. Correlation factors of makeup base & liquid goundation, lotion labled with “shake before use”, compact powder were 0.8812, 0.8632 and 0.5984. The best sample applied method of compact powder was 1:0.8 mixture with cream base. These results suggest that the in vitro test method could be used as an alternative method for SPF.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.231-237
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• 2017

This study investigated differences in perception by 240 males in their teens, 20s, 30s, and 40s residing in Seoul, Incheon, and Gwangju about seven items for male makeup, and analyzed makeup items preferred by men, perception about male makeup users, and relationship between success and appearance, thereby providing basic materials to activate the beauty market for males and developing goods for male users. The result was that most males thought the influence of their appearance on their social success was great and in particular, 23.3% of respondents thought that their appearance affected their success by 50% or higher percentage. The items most preferred by the respondents were concealers, color lotions, and BB creams; 60.8% considered them positive. This showed that basic color cosmetics had already been established as one of the essential goods for men. In contrast, the respondents had slightly negative perception about items like mascaras, eyeliners, and eyeshadows. Overall, those who were young, unmarried, and city dwellers had positive perception about such cosmetics by and large. The above data will be able to be used to develop various makeup goods for male consumers oriented toward success and implement diverse marketing strategies, thereby activating the beauty market for males.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.111-115
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• 2007

It is inevitable to use germicidal agents like parabens, imidazolidinyl urea, phenoxyethanol and chlorphenesin to preserve the cosmetics. Although effective in reducing microblological contamination, chemical preservatives are irritative, allergenic and even toxic to human skin. So it is needed to decrease or eliminate usage of preservatives in cosmetic products Glycerin, butylene glycol (BG), prorylene glycol (PG), and dipropylene glycol (DPG) are widely used in cosmetics as skin conditioning agent or solvents. At high concentrations, they have antimicrobial activities, but deteriorate product quality like sensory feeling or safety. The purpose of study is to evaluate the effects of polyols on antimicrobial and preservative efficacy and confirm whether using adjusted polyols can decrease the contents of preservatives without deterioration of the quality of cosmetics. Effects of common polyols on antimicrobial activities of general preservatives were measured. BG and PG significantly (p < 0.05) increased activities of preservatives, but glycerin influenced little. It was inferred from the regression analysis of the results with S. aureus that adding 1% of PG increased activities of preservatives up to $2.1{\sim}8.4 %$ and BG improved activities of preservatives up to $1.8{\sim}8.4 %$. The challenge test results for oil in water lotions and creams showed that BG and PG improved the efficacy of preservative systems up to 40 % at a range of $5.5{\sim}9.9 %$, but glycerin had little effect on it. The measured rates of improvement were analogous to the inferences from regression analysis. It can be concluded that is possible to reduce total chemical preservatives up to 40 %, consequently improve the safety and sensory quality of cosmetics with the precision control of polyols. Added to that, using this paradigm, low preservative contents, praraben-free system, and even preservative-free systems can be expected in the near future.