• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.15-26
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• 2009

Purpose: To compare and analyze the ocular changes after wearing conventional and 2-weeks cosmetic tinted contact lens, which were made of different material and fabrication method. Methods: Thirty five university students, age of twenties, participated in this study. With daily wearing schedule, they had worn temporary cosmetic tinted lens for 2 weeks and conventional tinted lens for two month in their right and left eye, respectively. Subjective symptoms and objective signs were graded by using CCLRU scales and corneal thickness were measured after 1 day and 2 months wearing, and under or over 5 hours wearing in a day, respectively. Results: Major subjective symptoms found in the student wearing cosmetic tinted contact lens for a 1 day and 2 months were dryness, redness, foreign body sensation and itchiness. It was also found that those symptoms were more severe in left eye (conventional cosmetic tinted contact lens) than right eye (2-weeks cosmetic tinted contact lens). However, symptoms of redness in both eyes showed statistically significant difference in the case of 1 day and 2 months wearing and under or over 5 hours wearing in a day (p=0.000). After 2 months wearing, left eye with conventional cosmetic tinted contact lens showed limbal redness (p=0.000) and bulbar conjunctival redness (p=0.012) with statistically significance, whereas there was no significant difference in both eyes before lens wear. Left eye showed statistically significant changes in all objective signs, but right eye showed palpebral conjunctival redness, corneal staining and conjunctival staining. Therefore, it was concluded that conventional cosmetic tinted contact lens may be more effective on ocular changes after wearing of lens. A statistically significant changes in both eyes after wearing lens were found that corneal thickness increased about $5{\mu}m$ (p=0.001) in right eye whereas $7{\mu}m$ (p=0.004) in left eye. Conclusions: A statistically significant number of participants in this study preferred to wearing of high Dk/t temporary cosmetic tinted contact lens made by sandwich method which resulted in less ocular changes and may give more healthy and safe ocular conditions.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.391-401
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• 2011

Purpose: In the present study, the actual management state of trial contact lenses and lens care products in local optical shops was surveyed and analyzed to reduce the risk of lens complication possibly induced by neglecting lens care. Methods: The feeling of contact lens wearers during the wear of trial contact lenses was surveyed. Futhermore, the actual management state of trial contact lenses such as cosmetic lens and RGP lens and lens care products was also investigated by surveying opticians who trade contact lenses in local optical shops. Results: It was found that consumers trusted the sanitary conditions of the lens since trial cosmetic contact lens and RGP lens were cleaned before and after trails by over 98% of opticians in local optical shops. For trial cosmetic lens, cleaning with normal saline, multipurpose solution for soft lens and combination of saline and multipurpose solution were 38.5%, 40.5% and 21%, respectively, before trials. After trials, cosmetic lenses were cleaned with normal saline, multipurpose solution for soft lens and a combination of saline and multipurpose solution were 13%, 75%, and 12%, respectively. On the other hand, cleaning with normal saline, multipurpose solution for RGP lens and combination of saline and multipurpose solution were 28.5%, 38.5% and 33%, respectively, before trying trial RGP lens. After trials, RGP lenses were cleaned with normal saline, multipurpose solution for RGP lens and a combination of saline and multipurpose solution were 2.5%, 70%, and 27.5%, respectively, indicating that relatively many opticians followed the lens cleaning regimen. In local optical shops, the cleaning trial cosmetic lens was mainly conducted at every 10 days or a month and the washing cycle of cosmetic lens case was in a month or 2~3 months. The cleaning interval of trial RGP lens was primarily in a month or 2~3 months. For those lens cases, more than 75% of opticians washed them with a surfactant and then rinsed with cold water. The storing periods of lens care products were primarily in a week for saline and in a month and 2~3 months indicating that storing period of lens care products was relatively well-kept in local optical shops. Conclusions: It is thought that the concern about any microbial infection is not that high since trial contact lenses and lens care products were generally well-managed by opticians in local optical shops from the results above. However, better public eye health and better public confidence in opticians may be possible if further strengthen in avoidance of lens cleaning with saline, keep of cleaning cycles within 2 weeks and rinsing of lens cases with hot water happens.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 2005

Beginning the use of medical order with color contact lens, recently the color contact lens wearer increases for cosmetic order in the world. The marufacture of color contact lenses was the pigment application method, the pigment inlay method, the sandwich method, the vinding method, and so on. Now in domestic, the main use of manufacture has been the binding method. In the point of the use and manufacture of the color contact lenses, the classification of color contact lenses was the tinted and the cosmetic types. However the generally coloring of color contact lenses was the stain-method and the staining was marufactured by the thin film methods.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.233-239
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• 2004

This study investigated the status of soft contact lens wear in college students. The results were as follows: 1. The most prevalent age of initial contact lens wear was 19 years or 20 years, with an age distribution in females from as early as 10 years to 20 years. 2. For almost all subjects, the test clinic for the contact lens wear assessment and purchase of the contact lenses was an optical shop. 3. The main advantage for most male subjects was use for sports, whereas most female subjects used contact lenses for cosmetic reasons. 4. The most common side-effects experienced due to contact lens wear were red eye, foreign body sensation, and eye pain. 5. The most frequently reported eye disease caused by contact lens wear was conjunctivitis, with only few subjects experiencing keratitis. 6. Following treatment for the side effects of contact lens wear, most subjects hoped to re-use the previous contact lenses, some subjects wanted to change to new contact lenses, and others subjects refused further contact lens wear.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2008

Purpose: To investigate the proper care system of sample-wearing cosmetic contact lens (SWCCL). Methods: Research on the actual condition about SWCCL was examined in fifty cosmetic contact lens wearer in their 10s and 20s by the questionnaire. Also, the extents of the contamination of gram-negative bacteria and fungi were measured in SWCCL after wearing for 2, 4 and 6 weeks, and it was investigated whether the proper care system could prevented the contamination. Results: As the result of the questionnaire, people purchased the cosmetic contact lens after trying SWCCL with a mean of 4.5. The contamination of gram-negative bacteria and fungi were significantly increased in SWCCL-wearing period-dependent manner. In both Group 1 (rubbing SWCCL and exchanging preserving solution every wearing of SWCCL) and Group 2 (only exchanging preserving solution every wearing of SWCCL without rubbing SWCCL), the contamination of gram-negative bacteria and fungi were prevented perfectly. In the case of Groups having every-week care, the proliferation of gram-negative bacteria and fungi were somewhat suppressed, and rubbing was helpful of decreasing the contamination. The biweekly care had scarcely any effect for preventing the contamination. Conclusions: By exchanging the preserving solution every wearing of SWCCL, the contamination of gram-negative bacteria and fungi could be suppressed perfectly.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.373-378
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• 2014

To investigate the wear status of contact lenses by analyzing care of contact lenses container and actual condition of people wearing contact lenses and in Gyeonggido. The results were based on a questionnaire survey of 200 people who are the students of the middle school, the high school and the college among the clients of opticians to purchase contact lenses for six months from January 2013 to July 2013. According to the poll, the highest number of those polled, 139 (55.16%) people, said they were wearing cosmetic color contact lenses. Female respondents and male respondents were in the proportion of 177 (88.5%) to 23 (11.5%), respectively. 37 people (18.5%) who responded said "yes" to the question of them sharing contact lenses and glasses. 103 people (51.5%) answered "no" to the question of regularly replacing their lens containers. 148 people (74%) answered "yes" to the question of having glasses in order to investigate contact lens wearers user rate of glasses. The highest number of respondents, 127 people (63.5%), said "middle school" was the first time that they wore contacts. Meanwhile, 65 people (43.92%) said they initiated wearing glasses at 4th-6th grades. It is considered that it is necessary using proper contact lenses suitable for the clients' eye health in order of vision correction, rather than for cosmetic purposes. The role of the optician is considered to be very important for the proper management of the appropriate contact lens hygiene and regular optical check-ups of the contact lens wearers.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 1996

The microbial contamination in contact lens care systems and conjunctivas of 40 asymptomatic cosmetic soft contact lens wearers was investigated. Patient ages ranged from 19 to 27(mean:22), most of them have used hydrogel contact lenses for less than 1 year, and the ages of lens cases were 1 weeks ~ 3 months (43 %) or 4~6 months (52%). Twenty-seven patients (67%) chemically disinfected their lenses and 8(20 %) used hydrogen peroxide, and 5 used heat to disinfect. Fourteen patients used commercial non-preserved saline, and 26(65%) were using commercial preserved saline. Sixty-two percent of the patients had bacterial contamination of lens case, and 17% had conjunctival contamination. The bacterial contamination rate was highest in lens cases, followed by unpreserved salines, disinfecting chemicals(non-hydrogen peroxide), and conjunctivas. The fungal contamination rate of cases and conjunctivas was 67% and 15%, respectively, and lens case, unpreserved saline, and conjunctiva seemed more susceptible to contamination. The use of hydrogen peroxide for disinfection rather than chemical disinfection was associated remarkabley with decreased contamination of solution itself, and there was no significant difference in contamination rates between hydrogen peroxide care system and other disinfecting systems. Five of lens cases(13%) and 2 conjunctivas(5%) were contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans were isolated from 11cases (27%) and 5 conjunctivas (12%). Of the organisms that were contaminated lens cases and conjunctivas, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus fumigatus were isolated from lens cases, whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus fumigatus were recorvered from conjunctivas. Fortunately all of the these tested samples showed 0% of Acanthamoeba in this investigation.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.295-303
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• 2014

Purpose: This study aims to observe bleaching resulted from multipurpose contact lens solutions used to manage lenses with the subjects of colored contact lenses being distributed in Korea. Methods: The lenses have been worn for six months, and their refraction is 0.00D. Three types of colored contact lenses of which margin has been colored with a different manufacturing method have been adopted (type 1: pigment application method, type 2: chemical bonding process, type 3: sandwich method), and multipurpose solutions used were two types containing different components. Each of the colored contact lenses was stored in the multipurpose solutions for 20 days and went through vortexing for 15 seconds per day. Their fluorescence absorbance, surface roughness, brightness index, and color coordinate index were measured before and after the vortexing to see the degree of bleaching. Results: In the two types of multipurpose solutions, every type of the color contact lenses showed no statistically significant difference in their fluorescence absorbance value before and after the vortexing. Regarding surface image, the front surface of the lenses was smooth in every type, and about the back surface, type 3 indicated less protrusion than type 1 and 2. About the difference of color on the lens surface before and after the vortexing, type 3 showed significantly less difference than type 1 and 2; however, all fell into the permissible error. Conclusions: About the bleaching of colored contact lenses resulted from multipurpose solutions for soft contact lenses, there was no difference observed in terms of fluorescence absorbance and color. According to the methods of manufacturing dyes, however, there was difference in the protrusion of the posterior surface image.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.323-329
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• 2014

Purpose: To understand the pattern of prescribing contact lenses in Korea from 2010 to 2013. Methods: Four hundred survey questionnaires were randomly posted to Korean Optometric clinics for 4 years. The questionnaire was the same form as a form used for International Contact Lens Prescribing Trend. It was also designed to collect information about the contact lenses prescribed to the first 10 patients after its receipt. Results: 1937 fits were used for the analysis among the four hundred survey questionnaires. The average patient age was $26.2{\pm}7.0$ in 2010, $26.1{\pm}7.6$ in 2011, $24.7{\pm}6.6$ in 2012 and $24.8{\pm}7.2$ in 2013. The patients were mainly women (75%). Of all the soft contact lenses, silicon hydrogel lenses were 18% of fits (17% in 2010, 10% in 2011, 20% in 2012, 24% in 2013). By degine, the percentage of toric design lenses accounted for 17% of soft lenses fits and had increased during 4 years (10% in 2010, 18% in 2011, 16% in 2012, 22% in 2013), and cosmetic contact lens made up for 29% (15% in 2010, 20% in 2011, 40% in 2012, 41% in 2013). Conclusions: The contact lenses wearers were mostly women and the average patient age becomes slightly younger. In relation to the increase in the mumber of younger female contact lens wearers,the percentage of cosmetic lenses prescription was much higher (29%) than the global average (7%), and it has gradually increased for last 4 years. This trend could be related to the growth of beauty market in Korea. By emphasizing on toric lens marketing in manufactures, the prescription rate has been gradually increased.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 2000

This study has analyzed soft contact lens care-after-sale and periodic examinations at optical shops and eye clinics. And I wish to make that use of educational data for the soft contact lens lesson of the department of ocular optics. This questionnaire studied the status of care for soft contact lens and periodic examination, of students who wears soft contact lens. The results are as follows: First, 7.5% of students questioned wore soft contact lens. More women than men wore soft contact lens. The soft contact lens wearers purchased lens mainly at optical shops. 78.5% of them wore daily wear lens. Because of cosmetic advantages of soft contact lens. 47.9% of them wore soft contact lens. 72.5% of them wore soft contact lens less than 12 hours per a day. 32.0% of them has worn soft contact lens more than 6 months less than 1 year. 51.1% of them experienced irritation. 39.7% of them have exchanged soft contact lens between 6 and 9 months. Secondly, when purchasing lenses. 60% of soft contact lens wearers were given instructions of general care, such as duration of wearing lens, how to remove protein, how to store, and how to sterilize at both of eye clinics and optical shops. But the proportion of instructions, such as side effects and periodic examination which were given to soft contact lens wearers, is lower both at eye clinics and optical shops. Especially at optical shops, the proportion of instruction for periodic examination, is lower than at eye clinics(p<0.05). Thirdly, The proportion of operations of periodic examinations after use of soft contact lens both at eye clinics and optical shops, is low. The soft contact lens wearers have had more periodic examinations at eye clinics than at optical shops. But the rate of non-periodic examination at optical shop is 87.9%. And for periodic examinations, general care was done at optical shops. On the other hand, eye examinations, general care, and treatments were done more at eye clinics. Fourthly, 60.3% of the soft contact lens wearers understood the necessity of the periodic examinations, but actually, only 6.4% of them were given the schedule for the periodic examinations, and 2.5% of them were given at an optical shop(p<0.01).