• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.55-63
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• 2009

This study was performed to evaluate the heavy metal contents in various packaging board. Domestic and foreign OCC (old corrugated containers) and old duplex boards were used as raw materials. Tests were made for the printed and unprinted parts of the sample. Heavy metal contents of old food packaging boards made from virgin pulp fibers were also evaluated. The contents of heavy metals including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), barium (Ba), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and mercury (Hg) were determined using ICP-AES (Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectrometer), and CV-AAS (Cold vapor-atomic absorption spectrometer) after digesting the samples in a microwave oven. The contents of heavy metals contained in domestic packaging board were higher than those in overseas samples, and OCC showed higher contents of heavy metals than old duplex boards. Printed parts gave greater heavy metal contents than unprinted parts. Results indicate that recycling of paper and paperboard products increases the heavy metal contamination of the paper packaging products and this derives mostly from the heavy metals contained in printing inks. Recycling processes that decrease heavy metals in recycled fibers and new printing inks that contains less heavy metals should be developed to solve the problem associated with the heavy metals in packaging paper products.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.402-405
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• 1999

Pusan, Kwanagju, Yangjae Floriculture Auction Market to packaging and distribution status of cut flowers in Korean markets from October, 1997 to Feburuary, 1998 this study was surveyed. In case of packaging, the inner packaging materials was used almost used news papers and polyethylene films, the outer box was double wall corrugated paperboard box. Plastic container box was a few. The using shape of box was A-1 type, bending materials was PP film and OPP tape. There was whole sale and retail in all Korean markets in case of distribution. The distribution route was three, the one was farmers through consignments in Seoul to consummers, it was 42% of total distribution volume. The other was auction market in Yangjae, the distribution volume was 18%. The last was distributed in farmers and provincial markets by the dealers, the volume was 40%. All farmers and officers want to applicate the standard regulation of packaging box, but dealers were not.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.18-23
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• 1998

Weight loss of cucumber packed with corrugated paperboard box after 7 days storage at 20oC was 4.9%, and those of 20LD, 40LD film and EPS box were 0.8, 0.7, and 0.8%. Total ascorbic acid content of EPS was 15% higher than that of control. Hardness of EPS was also similar trend. Chlorophil content of cucumber packed with EPS box was 21% higher than that of control. Decay of control was 1-2 pieces per box, but the others was not found. Overall appearence of LD, EPS was better than that of control.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.45-51
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate various heavy metal contents in packaging papers by pre-treatments for ICP-ES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometry) analysis. Pre-treatment methods of heavy metals in this study include extraction, migration and decomposition methods (dry ashing, $HNO_3-HClO_4-HF,\;HNO_3,\;and\;H_2SO_4-HNO_3$). Test results were compared with conventional extraction (water) and migration (3% acetic acid) methods. The five representative heavy metals (Cd, As, Pb, Cr and Hg) were analyzed. For Cd, Hg, and As, the results were below detection limit of the instrumental technique. It was considered that the migration test was a better method compared to extraction test, but all the decomposition methods showed much higher detection values than the extraction or migration test. In case of recycled corrugated containers, 3% acetic acid solution extracted about 25% of chromium and 30% of lead compared to the content by decomposition methods. Among all decomposition methods, the nitric acid - perchloric acid - hydrofluoric acid treatment brought a slightly higher detection value than others, but there was no significant difference among them except sulfuric acid - nitric acid method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.248-251
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• 2000

To investigate the effects of packaging films (functional MA films/FC30, FC50, MA film/0.03 mm LDPE, corrugated paperboard box/control) weight loss, firmness, total ascorbic acid, chlorophill and overall appearence were evaluated. Weight loss of cucumbers packed with FC30 and FC50 at 2$0^{\circ}C$ after 7 days were 1.0 and 0.6%, that of the control was 2.9%, those of LDPE was 0.5%. The firmness of FC30 and FC50 at 2 $0^{\circ}C$ after 7 days were 1.0 and 0.6%, that of the control was 2.9%, those of LDPE was 0.5%. The firmness of FC30-, FC50 and LD was higher than that of the control. Total ascorbic acid contents (TAA) of cucumbers packed with control, LD, FC30 and FC50 box were 9.96, 10.86, 11.37 and 11.29 mg% after 7 days. TAA of FC box was 10% higher than that of the control. Chlorophill content of FC boxes wase 16% higher than of the control. Overall appearence of cucumber packed with FC boxes was better than that of the control.

• Corrugated packaging logistics
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• no.62
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• pp.55-64
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• 2005

1856년 7월7일 영국에서 에드워드 찰스 힐리 와 에드워드 엘리스 알렌(Edward Charles Healey & Edward Ellis Allen)에 의해 골판지가 처음 발명되었고, 15년후인 1871년12월19일에 현재의 골판지상자 형태의 특허가 미국의 알버트. L. 존스(Albert. L.Jones)에게 취득된지 130여년이상이 지난 이 시대에는 실로 다양한 분야에서 골판지를 사용하고 있지만, 주 사용분야는 포장산업의 분야이다. 과거에는 포장의 주목적은 첫째 포장 내용물(상품)의 보호 둘째 상품의 운송과 적재 및 취급의 편리성 셋째 상품 구매동기 유발의 순서이었으나 최근에는 첫째와 둘째의 목적은 필수불가결한 것이고 세번째의 상품 구매동기 유발의 목적에 더 큰 비중이 있는 추세이다. 따라서 포장재의 규격은 생산자의 입장에서는 보다 단순해지고 규격화 되는 것이 생산코스트의 절감과 생산성향상의 지름길이지만(그러나 더욱 복잡해지고 비규격화 되는 것이 제품 부가가치가 더 높을 수도 있기 때문에 여기에는 보다 신중한 판단이 필요하다.) 각종 통신기술, 인터넷과 I.T산업의 발달과 더불어 소비자가 언제라도 상품의 다양한 정보에 쉽게 접할 수있는 이 시대에는 다양한 소비계층의 NEED를 모두 만족시켜 줄려고 하는 상품 개발자의 제품설계 및 개발과 판매전략에 의해 더욱 더 상품은 다양해지고 있다.(필자의 판단으로는 앞으로 보다 더 다양해지고 복잡해지고 있는 추세이다.) 즉 다시말하면 이러한 다양한 형태의 포장재의 변화를 수용하여, 가장 높은 가격경쟁력으로, 적시에 가장빠르게 생산하여 공급할 수있는 능력을 갖춘 포장재 제조업자만이 미래에는 적자생존 할 수있다는 결론이다. 더욱이 우리나라의 현실은 대한민국 골판지 포장산업의 특성상 세계적으로 유래가 없는 적은 판매마진(과도한 출혈경쟁으로 인함)으로 인하여, 생산설비만 계속 증설하여 생산량과 규모에 의한 경제성 만으로 수치채산성을 맞추는 형태로 발전하여 왔기 때문에, 각 골판지 생산공장의 수익성은 악화일로로 치닫고 있는 실정이다. 즉 아주 적은 규모의 공장이나 아니면 많은 자금력을 이용한 대형공장만이 수익성을 유지하고 있는 것처럼 보인다.(지금과 같이 시장의 성장이 없는 골판지시징에서 시장의 총규모는 정해진 상태이고, 여기에서 서로 나눠 가지는 형태이므로, 최악의 경우는 어느 한쪽만이 살아 남는 제로섬 게임이 될 수 있으므로, 실제로는 가장 적정한 규모의 공장이 가장수익성이 높다.) 여기에서 필자는 이러한 위기에 처해 있는 우리나라 골판지산업의 생산공장에서 생산성을 저하시켜 제조원가를 높이는 요인들을 살펴보고, 이 요인들 중에서 주된 요인중의 하나인 소로트오다가 더욱 더 많아지고 있는 현실과 다가오는 미래의 상황에 대비해 골판지 공장의 완전자동화(Ubiquitous in Corrugating Factory)에 대비한 가장 효율적인 소로트생산 운영방법에 대해서 집중적으로 이야기 해보고자 한다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.83-91
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• 2009

It is very difficult to export the fresh agricultural products to long distance countries such as USA and EU without any damage. Fresh products exporting would overcome very severe conditions such as hot and cold weather changes, heavy vibrations with rolling and pitching during the target distribution period, therefore, the packaging needs the immobility of products in the container and the keeping its quality by packaging materials or methods under any surrounding environments, especially. The physical strength of outer box should be designated according to its own characteristics for agricultural product packaging. Packaging dimension which would be fit to standard pallet is also very important factor to reduce the distribution cost. There have been many agricultural products researches for export packaging to the USA so far. However they have never got desirable results which enough to apply it in real. The main purpose of this research is to develop optimum compressive strength and optimum dimension of corrugated fiberboard box which would be used to USA export packaging of fresh melon as well as Japan.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.6-11
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• 2001

Distribution status and economic analysis of packed radish in Korean markets(Chunbuk and Kangwon in producing area and Taebaek, Kyunggi, and Cheongyang for comparing tile quality) from November, 1999 to April, 2000 was surveyed. Distribution method and marketing of radish was different by producing areas and shipping methods. Quality of radish in the areas had a great difference, and especially standard deviation of volume of radish of Taebaek was highest. The packaging of radish was almost not, and in case of pack, corrugated paperboard was used as packaging material of outer packages. Non-packed radish in economic analysis was more economic than packed radish.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.258-261
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• 1989

Corrugated paperboard box is used to package of agricultural, fishery and industrial products in Korea. Test of compression strength results as follows. Compressing strength according to the insertion of inner pad was improved in 9.0% to 48.5%, Slitting length and width in 3.0% to 16.0% Compression strength according to the position of transportation hole was different 1.6% to 10.1%, the jointing method 7% to 10.3%, the printing width was decreased in 18.4% to 19.1%.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.121-130
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• 2018

'Mats-kyeong-chae (Brassica lee ssp. namai cv. Tongssamchoo)', a new type of sweet Korean cabbage for fresh wrapping and soup cooking, was released by the Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries. The shelf-life and quality changes of this new cultivar was evaluated by packaging with PP (polypropylene) film bag and storing at three temperatures ($5^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$, and $25^{\circ}C$). As control, the cabbage was packaged in a corrugated paper box and stored at $25^{\circ}C$. At the storage temperature of $5^{\circ}C$, the degree of freshness, weight loss, hue angle and SPAD on cabbage packaged with PP film bag maintained its good quality and exhibited a longer period of marketable life compared to the samples stored in other treatments. Results showed that the use of PP film packaging and storing at $5^{\circ}C$ could be the optimum condition for commercial storage of 'Mats-kyeong-chae'. Further investigation on other quality parameters according to different packaging methods would be useful in maintaining the quality of 'Mats-kyeong-chae' at postharvest stages.