• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.304-310
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• 2002

배 포장용 골판지 상자의 자유낙하 실험을 통하여 완충재로써의 골판지 상자에 대한 충격력을 분석하기 위한 시스템을 구성하고 계측 및 분석용 컴퓨터 프로그램을 작성하여 자유낙하에 의한 배 골판지 포장상자의 충격력을 분석하였으며, 배 골판지 포장상자의 낙하높이에 따른 배의 손상정도는 낙하높이가 높아짐에 따라 손상이 심하고 낙하높이가 낮은 25cm에서도 진동에 의한 손상지수보다는 훨씬 큼을 알 수가 있었다. 이것은 자유낙하에 의한 골판지의 충격력이 배에 전달되어 멍이 발생하는 것으로, 진동에 의한 변위 증폭 및 압상에 의한 손상보다 낙하 충격력에 의한 손상이 더 큰 것을 알 수가 있었으며, 배 골판지 포장상자의 적재 및 하역 작업시에는 낮은 낙하높이에서도 포장상자를 떨어뜨리지 않도록 주의를 하여야 할 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2003.02a
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• pp.321-328
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• 2003

Fruits are subjected to complex dynamic stresses in the transportation environment. During a long journey form the production area to markets, there is always some degree of vibration present. Vibration inputs are transmitted from the vehicle through the packaging to the fruit. Inside, these cause sustained bouncing of fruits against each other and container wall. These steady state vibration input may cause serious fruit injury, and this damage is particularly severe whenever the fruit inside the package is free to bounce, and is vibrated at its resonant frequency. The determination of the resonant frequencies of the fruit may help the packaging designer to determine the proper packaging system providing adequate protection for the fruit, and to understand the complex interaction between the components of fruit when they relate to expected transportation vibration inputs. (omitted)

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.11-14
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• 2002

Packaging and distribution status of watermelon Korean markets; Chunanm and Chunbuk, Kyungnam and Kyungbuk from January, 1999 to December, 1999 was surveyed to shipping methods, quality. Distribution and marketing of watermelon was different to the producing area, and quality of it was four grade. In a grade, difference of weight was 86%, and that of soluble solid content was 130%. Packaging status was almost non-pack, in case of packaging, packaging material was corrugated fiberboard and wooden-collar box, and packaging unit was mainly used to 8 to 10kg box, for one head or 4 heads was a few.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.297-303
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• 2002

배 골판지 포장상자의 진동특성을 계측, 분석하기 위하여 유압가진기을 이용하여 단일 포장상자의 진동실험 및 적재된 포장상자의 진동실험을 위한 시스템을 구성하고 진동특성 계측용 컴퓨터 프로그램을 개발하며 진동실험을 하였으며, 그 결론은 다음과 같다. 1. 유압가진기의 성능실험을 하여 배 골판지 포장상자의 진동실험에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 2. 단일 배 골판지 포장상자의 피크 주파수는 27.02 Hz이었으며, 피크 가속도는 1.9 G이었다. 3. 적재된 배 골판지 포장상자와 적재 단수별 피크 주파수는 19.02, 18.14, 16.62 및 15.40 Hz이었으며, 피크 가속도는 2.2987, 3.7654, 5.6087 및 7.9852 G이었다. 4. 배의 경우에는 운송시 과도한 진동에 노출되어 손상을 입게 되는데 만약 골판지 상자안의 배가 팰리트 적재로 운송시 15∼20 Hz 주파수 대역의 진동을 하게 되면 포장상자의 최하단에서부터 최상단까지 가속도와 변위가 증가되어 배의 심각한 멍(bruise) 손상을 초라하게 된다. 5. 배 골판지 포장상자의 진동시 최하단의 상자의 경우에는 상단에 위치한 상자로부터 진동에 의한 압축력을 받아 배의 손상 원인이 되었다. 이것은 농산물이 유통중의 진동에 노출되었을 때 농산물의 손상은 최하단의 골판지 포장상자의 압상의 원인이 제일 크다는 것을 알 수가 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.762-766
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• 2006

To improve water resistance of paperboard used to manufacture the corrugated boxes, effect of surface coating of the liner- board with Na-alginate was investigated by determining the optimum processing conditions such as a optimum alginate concentration for surface coating, plasticizer content, concentration of divalent cations their immersion times, For the surface coating of the liner-board, 2.5% Na-alginate solution was found to be the optimum concentration, and the concentration of glycerol used as plasticizer was effective when 35% alginate concentration was use was Used Immersion of the alginate coated paperboard for 3 min in a $CaCl_2$ solution improved the water resistance properties. As a divalent cation for the insolubilization of the alginate films, $Cu^{2+}$ was found to be as effective as $Ca^{2+}$. Among the platicizers tested, sorbitol was the most effective in reducing water vapor permeability and water solubility of alginate coated paperboard.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.83-91
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• 2009

It is very difficult to export the fresh agricultural products to long distance countries such as USA and EU without any damage. Fresh products exporting would overcome very severe conditions such as hot and cold weather changes, heavy vibrations with rolling and pitching during the target distribution period, therefore, the packaging needs the immobility of products in the container and the keeping its quality by packaging materials or methods under any surrounding environments, especially. The physical strength of outer box should be designated according to its own characteristics for agricultural product packaging. Packaging dimension which would be fit to standard pallet is also very important factor to reduce the distribution cost. There have been many agricultural products researches for export packaging to the USA so far. However they have never got desirable results which enough to apply it in real. The main purpose of this research is to develop optimum compressive strength and optimum dimension of corrugated fiberboard box which would be used to USA export packaging of fresh melon as well as Japan.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2020

Due to the rapid increase in cyber shopping mall of agricultural products, the parcel delivery service industry also increased, making it necessary to design an optimum packaging for agricultural products. And Due to the recent increase in strawberry consumption, there is also a need for a packaging system for parcel delivery service. In order to establish the criteria for optimum cushioning packaging design of strawberries, the bioyield strength of strawberries by storage time was measured through the ASABE test standards, and the peak acceleration in the resonance frequency and resonance frequency bands of strawberries was measured through the vibration test regulated in the ASTM test specifications. Tray cup pad and corrugated fiberboard box of delivery strawberries were designed using FEM theoretical analysis of contact stress and resonant frequency. In addition, an optimum packaging system was developed with a cushioning and vibration design considering the impact characteristics when distributing agricultural products. Through the performance evaluation and on-site evaluation of the optimum packaging system of strawberries for parcel delivery service, the random PSD test results of the delivery showed a 74% reduction in the acceleration level, and the actual distribution test of the delivery showed that the damage rate of strawberries was not more than 6.7%, indicating that it was possible to use the optimum packaging of strawberries for delivery.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.38 no.5 s.118
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• pp.54-59
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• 2006

Paperboards used for linerboard of corrugated fiberboard box were coated with different concentrations of polylactic acid (PLA) solution and the effects of harsh environmental conditions such as high humidity and temperature (96% RH at $30^{\circ}C$ for up to 5 days), and freeze-thaw ($-20^{\circ}C$ for a day and then thaw at room temperature for 30 min) conditions on the ring crush (RC) strength of the boards were investigated. One to five percent PLA solutions were coated onto SC manila linerboard ($20{\times}27cm$) using a No. 20 wire bar coater and the ring crush strength was measured using a computer-controlled Advanced Universal Testing System in accordance with TAPPI Test Method T 822 om-93. The RC strength increased significantly when the concentration of coating solution increased and appreciable changes were found when the concentration increased from 0 to 2% (P<0.05). Similar pattern of results was found after 5-day storage at $30^{\circ}C$ and 96% RH. Although such highly humid condition increased moisture content in the samples up to 3.95 from 0.97 times, the RC strength decreased in the range from 29.9 to 48.5%. The freeze-thaw treatment increased the moisture content only up to 1.27% and the reduction in the RC strength ranged from 21.1 to 28.1 %. The results were promising: the samples coated with 5% PLA solution showed 29.9% reduction in the RC strength while that of control was 48.5% during highly humid condition stated above.