• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

Wood fibers for medium density fiberboard (MDF) was used in the filler layer of the white duplex board for increasing thickness and bulk of the board. The MDF fibers were treated with ozone (3% based on dry weight of the fibers), and mixed together with OCC (old corrugated container) to form paper. Ozone-treated MDF fibers gave high bulk, high tensile strength, high internal bond and fast drainage to the furnish mixed with OCC. It was shown that there were possibilities to reduced basis weight of the filler layer without loss of thickness, stiffness, and tensile strength. Furthermore, it showed the possibility to develop a new kind of board product that has high stiffness as well as high strength properties with light basis weight by application of the ozone-treated MDF fibers.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.8-15
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• 2014

The increase of wet web solid content in wet pressing will save drying energy greatly. We applied wood flours as spacers to increase the old corrugated container (OCC) solid contents in wet pressing. The mixed furnish of OCC and wood flours of 3-5% (wt/wt) increased bulk and drainage rate, and by increasing wet pressing pressure, its solid content started to be higher than 100% OCC furnish at more than 50% solid content level. Addition of cationic starch and drainage aid to the mixed furnish increased solid content further up to around 2%. Cationic starch addition compensated or exceeded the loss of tensile and compressive strength caused by the addition of wood flour, but drainage aid did not. Cationic starch also improved the stretch of the OCC, which could mitigate cracking at folding in boxboard.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2007

To evaluate the quality of waste paper used for the manufacture of linerboard, the types of papers and foreign materials in compressed waste paper currently used were investigated. The recycled fibers were obtained from printing paper, newspaper, wrapping paper, white coated paperboard and corrugated container. Their fibers were observed by using a microscope, and the mechanical properties of the recycled papers manufactured from the recycled fibers were investigated. The compressed wastepaper was composed of 54% paperboard, 20% printing paper, and 20% newsprint. The content of foreign materials was about 4%, showing higher contents compared to 1% of foreign substances provided by Korea paper manufacturers' association. The types of foreign materials were various, which include vinyls, plastics, metals, woods, styrofoams, and cloths. Sound fibers were generally observed in the recycled fibers of printing papers and wrapping paper. The recycled fibers of white coated board, corrugated container and newsprint showed to be generally damaged. The whiteness of each recycled fiber were highly affected by pulp bleaching and ink-particle mixing conditions. The values of breaking length and burst index were lower than those for corrugating medium and liner board specified in KS. Although the anatomical characteristics of recycled fibers varied, their strengths appeared to be similar. This result may be explained by the use of non-deinked fiber.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.391-398
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• 2002

During handling unitized products, they are subjected to a variety of environmental hazards. Shock and vibration hazards are generally considered the most damaging of the environmental hazards on a product and it may encounter while passing through the distribution environment. A major cause of shock damage to products is drops during manual handling. The increasing use of unitization of pallets has been resulted in a reduction of the shock hazards. This has caused an increasing interest in research focused on vibration caused dam age. Damage to the product by the vibration most often occurs when a product or a product component has a natural frequency that falls within the range of the forcing frequencies of the particular mode of transportation being used. Transportation vibration is also a major cause of fruit and vegetable quality loss due to mechanical damage. This study was conducted to determine the vibration characteristics of the corrugated fiberboard bones for packages of pears, and to investigate the degree of vibration injury of the pears in the boxes during the simulated transportation environment. The vibration tests were performed on an electrohydraulic vibration exciter. The input acceleration to exciter was fixed at 0.25 G for a single container resonance test and 0.5 G for the vertical stacked container over the frequency range from 3 to 100 Hz. Function generator (HP-33120A) was connected by wire to the vibration exciter for controlling the input acceleration at a continuous logarithmic sweep rate of 1.0 octave per min. The peak frequency and acceleration on the single box test were 22.02 Hz, 1.5425 G respectively, and these values on the vertical stacked boxes were observed from the bottom box 19.02, 18.14, 16.62 and 15.40 Hz and 2.2987, 3.7654. 5.6087, and 7.9582 G, respectively. The pear in the bottom box had a slightly higher damage level than the fruit packed in the other stacked boxes. It is desirable that the package and transportation system has to be so designed that 15∼20 Hz frequency will not occur during the transportation environment.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2001

The base paper of corrugated board is mainly produced from Korean old corrugated container (KOCC), and thus the recycling rate of KOCC is very high. However, there is a problem that the pulp quality is very low while the recycling rate of OCC is high. The fines content in KOCC, the main source of the corrugated board, amounts to nearly the half of the total stock, and its formation increases as recycling process repeats due to the hornification of fiber. There have been attempts to improve the drainage property of OCC by increasing the headbox concentration of the paper machine or by applying drainage-promoting polymer additives. However, these conventional methods have problems of weakened paper strength and lowered converting fitness caused by paper formation hindrance. The strength of linerboard could not be increased in case KOCC is used, because hornified OCC pulp can-not be sufficiently refined due to the lowered drainage property caused by fines formation. We studied about a new technique consisting of froth-flotation for fractionating pulp stock into a long fiber portion and fines fraction. This study will be developed in order to enhance the drainage and strength properties of a recycled OCC pulp by selective treatment of flocculant on fractionated OCC Fines.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.347-359
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• 2019

Modular construction has been increasingly used for mid-to-high rise buildings attributable to the high construction speed, improved quality and low environmental pollution. The individual and repetitive room-sized module unit is usually fully finished in the factory and installed on-site to constitute an integrated construction. However, there is a lack of design guidance on modular structures. This paper mainly focuses on the evaluation of the initial stiffness of corrugated steel plate shears walls (CSPSWs) in container-like modular construction. A finite element model was firstly developed and verified against the existing cyclic tests. The theoretical formulas predicting the initial stiffness of CSPSWs were then derived. The accuracy of the theoretical formulas was verified by the related numerical and test results. Furthermore, parametric analysis was conducted and the influence of the geometrical parameters on the initial stiffness of CSPSWs was discussed and evaluated in detail. The present study provides practical design formulas and recommendations for CSPSWs in modular construction, which are useful to broaden the application of modular construction in high-rise buildings and seismic area.

• Corrugated packaging logistics
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• s.77
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• pp.95-101
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• 2008

이 매뉴얼에는 놀라운 기술적 비밀 또는 특허가 될 만한 정보가 있는 것은 아니다. 대부분의 정보는 골판지 산업계 내에서 수십년 동안 존재해왔던 것들이다. 이 메뉴얼은 단지 현재 존재하고 있는 이런 정보들을 군에서 사용되는 유지관리 시스템에 맞추어 하나의 논리적인 형식으로 압축한 것에 지나지 않는다. 하지만 이 매뉴얼이 나오기 까지 물신양면으로 도움을 주신 몇몇 분들에게 감사를 전하고자 한다. 첫 번째로 미육군에 감사하고 싶다. 유지관리 초년장교로서 나는 심지어 가장 오래된 골동품인 1959년형 2.5톤 트럭조차도 수 십년간 최적의 수준으로 달리게 만드는 미육군의 매우 조직적이고 단순한 유지관리 시스템을 보고 매우 놀랐었다. 이 매뉴얼 안에 있는 조직적인 틀은 그러한 경험의 산물이다. 나에게 많은 훈련을 시켜 주었고 정보를 준 웨스트베코사(Westvaco Corporation)의 짐버트(Jim Burt)에게 감사하지 않을 수 없다. 이 책에 소개되어 있고 현재 골판지 산업계에서 사용되는 조정에 관한 대부분의 정보는 스톤 컨테이너사(Stone container corporation)의 던드래쥐(Don Drage)의 공이 크다. 이외의 정보는 종이판지 포장잡지(Paperboard packaging magazine)의 에드릴레이(Ed Riley)와 같은 지도자에 의해 쓰여진 기사들에서 얻어진 것이다. L.A. 사우어사(L.A. Saur Corporation)와 같은 장비와 부품회사들 또한 그들 전문분야에서의 가장 최신의 정보를 제공해 주었음을 밝히는 바이다.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 1999

A great difference in drainage time was observed from the recycled stocks between corrugated container board and its component papers, liner and medium paper. It could be assumed that the different drainage property should be caused from a starch adhesive present in the corrugated board. Thus, three types of starch such as dried Stein-Hall adhesive, cooked starch solution, and its dried film were added to linerboard stock in order to investigate the mechanism of drainage reduction. The water-swollen starch particles derived from Stein-Hall adhesive were drastically deteriorated the drainage time, even though the amount of starch is very small (2% or below). The drainage time of OCC was improved by 25% when amylase was used a new biological treatment. The results from the lab and mill test showed that the starch-degradable enzymatic treatment improves the drainage property as well as the reduction of calcium hardness.

• Corrugated packaging logistics
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• s.78
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• pp.83-89
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• 2008

이 매뉴얼에는 놀라운 기술적 비밀 또는 특허가 될 만한 정보가 있는 것은 아니다. 대부분의 정보는 골판지 산업계 내에서 수십년 동안 존재해왔던 것들이다. 이 메뉴얼은 단지 현재 존재하고 있는 이런 정보들을 군에서 사용되는 유지관리 시스템에 맞추어 하나의 논리적인 형식으로 압축한 것에 지나지 않는다. 하지만 이 매뉴얼이 나오기 까지 물신양면으로 도움을 주신 몇몇 분들에게 감사를 전하고자 한다. 첫 번째로 미육군에 감사하고 싶다. 유지관리 초년장교로서 나는 심지어 가장 오래된 골동품인 1959년형 2.5톤 트럭조차도 수 십년간 최적의 수준으로 달리게 만드는 미육군의 매우 조직적이고 단순한 유지관리 시스템을 보고 매우 놀랐었다. 이 매뉴얼 안에 있는 조직적인 틀은 그러한 경험의 산물이다. 나에게 많은 훈련을 시켜 주었고 정보를 준 웨스트베코사(Westvaco Corporation)의 짐버트(Jim Burt)에게 감사하지 않을 수 없다. 이 책에 소개되어 있고 현재 골판지 산업계에서 사용되는 조정에 관한 대부분의 정보는 스톤 컨테이너사(Stone container corporation)의 던드래쥐(Don Drage)의 공이 크다. 이외의 정보는 종이판지 포장잡지(Paperboard packaging magazine)의 에드릴레이(Ed Riley)와 같은 지도자에 의해 쓰여진 기사들에서 얻어진 것이다. L.A. 사우어사(L.A. Saur Corporation)와 같은 장비와 부품회사들 또한 그들 전문분야에서의 가장 최신의 정보를 제공해 주었음을 밝히는 바이다.

• Corrugated packaging logistics
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• s.74
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• pp.102-109
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• 2007

이 매뉴얼에는 놀라운 기술적 비밀 또는 특허가 될 만한 정보가 있는 것은 아니다. 대부분의 정보는 골판지 산업계 내에서 수십 년 동안 존재해왔던 것들이다. 이 매뉴얼은 단지 현재 존재하고 있는 이런 정보들을 군에서 사용되는 유지관리 시스템에 맞추어 하나의 논리적인 형식으로 압축한 것에 지나지 않는다. 하지만 이 매뉴얼이 나오기 까지 물신양면으로 도움을 주신 몇몇 분들에게 감사를 전하고자 한다. 첫 번째로 미육군에 감사하고 싶다. 유지관리 초년장교로서 나는 심지어 가장 오래된 골동품인 1959년형 2.5톤 트럭조차도 수 십년간 최적의 수준으로 달리게 만드는 미육군의 매우 조직적이고 단순한 유지관리 시스템을 보고 매우 놀랐었다. 이 매뉴얼 안에 있는 조직적인 틀은 그러한 경험의 산물이다. 나에게 많은 훈련을 시켜 주었고 정보를 준 웨스트베코사(Westvaco Corporation)의 짐버트(Jim Burt)에게 감사하지 않을 수 없다. 이 책에 소개되어 있고 현재 골판지 산업계에서 사용되는 조정에 관한 대부분의 정보는 스톤 컨테이너사(Stone container corporation)의 던드래쥐(Don Drage)의 공이 크다. 이외의 정보는 종이판지 포장잡지(Paperboard packaging magazine)의 에드릴레이(Ed Riley)와 같은 지도자에 의해 쓰여진 기사들에서 얻어진 것이다. L.A. 사우어사(L.A. Saur Corporation)와 같은 장비와 부품회사들 또한 그들 전문분야에서의 가장 최신의 정보를 제공해 주었음을 밝히는 바이다.