• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.225-235
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• 2009

Objective : The purpose of this study was to report a case of a treatment with Scolopendrae Corpus Herbal-Acupuncture for one patient suffering from the Cervical Myelopathy. Scolopendrae Corpus Herbal-Acupuncture has been used as a analgesics and antispasmodics in the oriental medicine and reported to have antiinflammatory effect, sedative action and immunity enhancing activity, on one patient suffering from the Cervical Myelopathy. Methods : TThe patient was treated with Scolopendrae Corpus Herbal-Acupuncture, acupuncture, herbal medication. Scolopendrae Corpus Pharmacopuncture was administered two or three times per week and we injected 0.2~1.0 ml of Scolopendrae Corpus Pharmacopuncture to the patient's neck and both arms. The improvement of the symptoms was evaluated by JOA score(Japanese Orthopedic Association score), Nurick grading, VAS(Visual Analog Scale), reflex testing, Finger escape sign, Grip and Release test. Result : After 5 weeks of treatment, the patient's JOA score, Nurick grading and VAS were improved from 12 to 16, from grade III to grade II and from 10 to 3 respectively. The movement and power of upper and lower limbs were restored to nearly normal range.

• 아시아태평양코퍼스연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2022

This study investigates the cooccurrence between temporal adverbs and grammatical tenses in Spanish and contrasts temporal specifications across Spanish, English, and Chinese. Based on a monolingual Spanish corpus and a trilingual parallel corpus, the study identified the top ten frequent single-word temporal adverbs collocating with grammatical tenses in Spanish. It also contrasted the cooccurrence of temporal adverbs and verb tenses in three languages. The results show that aun 'still', hoy 'today', and ahora 'now' collocate with the present tense at more than 80%. Ayer 'yesterday' and finalmente 'finally' cooccurring with the simple past tense are at 84% and 69%, respectively. Then, mientras 'meanwhile' collocates with the past imperfect at 55%, the highest of all. Mañana 'tomorrow' cooccurs with the future and present tenses at 34%. Other adverbs, ya 'already', siempre 'always', and nuevamete 'again', do not present a strong cooccurrence tendency with a tense overall. The contrastive analysis of the trilingual parallel corpus shows a comprehensive view of temporal specifications in the three languages. However, no clear one-to-one mapping pattern of the cooccurrence across the three languages can be concluded, which provides helpful insights for second language instruction with natural language data rather than intuition. Future research with larger corpora is needed.

• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-32
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• 2014

This paper provides a corpus study on subjunctives in Korean in a way of comparative semantics. The whole arguments of this paper are bolstered by distributional evidence taken from naturally occurring bitexts (i.e. a bilingual corpus), in which one sentence in a language is aligned with one translation in the other language. Since previous studies regard past tense morphology as the main component to express irrealis and uncertainty, this paper accordingly checks out whether the past tense morpheme (e/a)ss in Korean is also responsible for conveying the meaning of subjunctives. My finding is that the past tense morpheme (e/a)ss is a sufficient condition for forming subjunctives in Korean. The current corpus study verifies that the past tense morpheme is not obligatorily used in present conditional counterfactuals in Korean, unlike English. Yet, if (e/a)ss is used and the antecedent denotes a present situation, the conditional sentence can only be interpreted as conveying counterfactuality. On the other hand, wish constructions in Korean, irrespective of the semantic tense, often contain the past tense morpheme. Hence, this work substantiates Iatridou (2000)'s theory of 'fake past tense' is applicable to Korean subjunctives. The present corpus study, additionally, reveals that a conditional marker telamyen is a component of expressing past counterfactuals in Korean.

• 한국컴퓨터산업학회논문지
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• 제5권7호
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• pp.747-754
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 114 안내시스템에 저장되어있는 서로 중복되어 있지 않는 1,566,943개의 상호명 코퍼스에서 이 코퍼스의 특징을 가장 잘 표현 해 줄 수 있는 최적 코퍼스를 설계하였다. 최적 코퍼스를 구하기 위해 두 단계의 방식을 택한다. 일 단계는 기본코퍼스에 존재하는 트라이폰이 모두 나타내는 최소의 단어 셋을 구하는 최적 음소균형 코퍼스 셋이고 다음 단계는 기본코퍼스에 존재하는 트라이폰의 빈번도를 고려하는 최소의 단어 셋을 구하는 음소 분포코퍼스 셋을 설계하였다. 실험 결과 최적 음소 균형 셋으로 8,699단어가 선정되었으며 최적 음소 분포 균형 셋으로 16,783 단어가 선정되었다. 이러한 최적 코퍼스는 음성 및 합성 시스템을 위한 음성데이터베이스를 구축 할 때 이용된다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.489-495
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• 2022

언어모델(Language Model)을 구축하기 위한 딥러닝 기법인 LSTM의 경우 학습에 사용되는 말뭉치의 전처리 방식에 따라 그 결과가 달라진다. 본 연구에서는 유명한 문학작품(기형도의 시집)을 말뭉치로 사용하여 LSTM 모델을 학습시켰다. 원문을 그대로 사용하는 경우와 조사/어미 등을 삭제한 경우에 따라 상이한 단어벡터 세트를 각각 얻을 수 있다. 이러한 전처리 방식에 따른 유사도/유추 연산 결과, 단어벡터의 평면상의 위치 및 언어모델의 텍스트생성 결과를 비교분석했다. 문학작품을 말뭉치로 사용하는 경우, 전처리 방식에 따라 연산된 단어는 달라지지만, 단어들의 유사도가 높고 유추관계의 상관도가 높다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 평면상의 단어 위치 역시 달라지지만 원래의 맥락과 어긋나지 않았고, 생성된 텍스트는 원래의 분위기와 비슷하면서도 이색적인 작품으로 감상할 수 있었다. 이러한 분석을 통해 문학작품을 객관적이고 다채롭게 향유할 수 있는 수단으로 딥러닝 기법의 언어모델을 활용할 수 있다고 판단된다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2004

Objective : The aim of this study is to report the effect of Scolopendrae Corpus Herbal-Acupuncture on three cases of gout. Methods : Scolopendrae Corpus Herbal-Acupuncture was administered one time per 2 days. After Herbal-Acupuncture administrated conventional body-acupuncture was performed. We evaluated the patients through Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results : After the treatments, three cases of gout patients showed the improvement in VAS and various symptoms. Conclusions : According to the results, Scolopendrae Corpus Herbal-Acupuncture may have rapid effects on gout. But further studies are required to prove the effect of Scolopendrae Corpus Herbal-Acupuncture.

• 한국영어학회지:영어학
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.83-102
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• 2004

The purpose of this paper is to find out some major characteristics of intermediate-advanced Korean learners' English by corpus- linguistically analyzing their essays in comparison with native speakers'. We construct a corpus of CBT TOEFL essays by Korean learners, NNS1 (94076 words in 402 texts), and its sub-corpus, NNS2 (14291 words in 45 texts), and then a corpus of model essays written or meticulously edited by native speakers, NS (14833 words in 35 texts). We compare NNS1 and NNS2 with NS, and with some other corpora, in terms of high-frequency words, and show that Korean learners' writings have more features of informal writing than those of formal writing, which is in accord with the reports in Granger (1998) that EFL writings by European advanced learners are characterized by informality.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.177-194
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• 2011

This study examines the use of discourse markers in cross-cultural communication between EFL learners in an e-learning environment. The study analyzes the use of discourse markers in a corpus of an interactive web with a bulletin board system through which college students of English at Japanese and Korean universities interacted with each other discussing the topics of local and global issues. It compares the use of discourse markers in the learners' corpus to that of a native English speakers' corpus. The results indicate that discourse markers are useful interactional devices to structure and organize discourse. EFL learners are found to display more frequent use of referentially and cognitively functional discourse markers and a relatively rare use of other markers. Native speakers are found to use a wider variety of discourse markers for different functions. Suggestions are made for using computer corpora in understanding EFL learners' language difficulties and helping them become more interactionally competent speakers.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 초등학교 교과서 말뭉치를 구축하고, 초등교과서에서 나타나는 어휘들에 대하여 통계분석을 실시하였다. 또한 초등 교과서가 일반생활에서 사용하는 어휘와 얼마나 유사한지를 살펴보기 위하여 스피어만 상관관계 분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과로 초등교과서의 말뭉치 구축 모습과 실제 예시를 보였고, 상관관계 분석을 통하여 초등교과서와 일반 말뭉치와의 상관관계를 수치적으로 보였다.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.139-157
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• 2006

As the Communicative Approach has become the norm in foreign language teaching, the objectives of teaching English in school have changed radically in Korea. The focus in high school English textbooks has shifted from mere mastery of structures to communicative proficiency. This paper will study five polysemous words which appear in twelve high school English textbooks used in Korea. The twelve text books are incorporated into a single corpus and analyzed to classify the usage of the selected words. Then the usage of each word was compared with that of three other corpora based sources: the BNC(British National Corpus) Sampler, ICE Singapore(International Corpus of English for Singapore) and Collins COBUILD learner's dictionary which is based on the corpus, "The Bank of English". The comparisons carried out as part of this study will demonstrate that Korean text books do not always supply the full range of meanings of polysemous words.