• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.73-80
• /
• 1984

Palmitoyl CoA was found to inhibit corn embryo axis glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, which were also inhibites by polyamines. However, reversal of inhibition of both enzymes by palmitoyl CoA was made by spermine. Activity of corn embryo axis protein kinase was found to increase steadily after germination. Activation and inhibition of protein kinase were made by MgCl$_2$and all polymines, respectively. Suc results suggest that fatty acid biosynthesis and lypolysis could be regulated to some extent by polyamines in corn embryo axis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.590-595
• /
• 1991

In order to investigate polar lipid ingredients and fat쇼 acid compositions in corn embryo, lipids were extracted with n-hexane (HX), pet. ether (PE), chloroform-methanol (2:1, v/v) (CM), dichoromethane-methanol (2:1, v/v DM) and hexane-diethyl ether (5:1, v/v HD). Of the glycolipid in polar lipids were separated by thin layer chormatogarphy (TLC), monoglycosyl diacyglycerol was most efficient with CM, HD, and monoglycosy sterol and monoglycosyl ceramide were similar to five solvents, but HX, PE and DM, HD were somewhat superior, respectively. Of the phospholipid, phosphatidyl inositol was most efficient with CM, DM, and phosphatidyl choline was similar to five solvents as well. Phosphatidyl serine was superior PE, HD, CM to HX, and phosphatidyl ethanolamine was inferior CM to HX. The major fatty acid in the glycolipid was linoleic acid, and it was most efficient with CM the same as plamitic acid, but oleic acid was superior in using HX, PE. The major fatty acids in the phospholipid were palmitic, heptadecanoic aicds, and they were superior in using HX and PE, respectively. Also oleic acid was most efficient with HX and CM, but HD was somewhat inferior.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.596-602
• /
• 1991

The comopositon of lipids extracted from corn embryo with various solvents were analyzed. The solvents for the extraction were benzene(BZ), n-hexane(HX), pet. ether(PE), trichlorethylene (TE), chloroform-methoanol(2:1, v/v) (CM), dichlormethane - methanol(2:1, v/v)(DM) and hexanediethyl ether(5:1, v/v)(HD). The lipids were than fractinated by silicis acid column chromatography(SACC) into three lipid fractions. The Neutral lipid fractons were further separated by thin layer chromatography(TLC) and the individual lipid spots were quantitatived by TLC scanner. And then the fatty acid compositions of total lipids and neutral lipids were determined by gas chromatography(GC). Crude oil contents of corn embryo were most efficient by using DM, CM and neutral lipid was extracted much HX, BZ, HD systems than did PE, DM, DM an CM were most efficient solvent systems for extracting glycolipid and phospholipid. The major component of the neutral lipid fractions was found to be triglyceride, and it was superior DM to PE. Linoleic acid was the predominant fatty acid in the total lipids, and it was most efficient with BZ and TE. The major fatty acid in neutral lipids was also linoleic acid and it was superior BZ to PE, CM, HD and oleic acid was similar to seven solvents and palmitic acid was found much superior in using CM.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.862-867
• /
• 1999

The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of administration of exogenous progesterone early in gestation on uterine levels of IGF-I mRNA and on embryo survival at day 25 of gestation in the pig. Forty-one prepubertal gilts were induced into oestrus with PG600 and artificially inseminated at their subsequent naturally occurring oestrus. Gilts were then randomly assigned to one of three groups. Gilts in the two treatment groups were injected intramuscularly with 50 mg of progesterone either from day 2 to 14 (N=14) or from day 4 to 14 (N=15) after breeding while those in the control group (N=12) were given corn oil (0.5 ml) from day 2 to 14. Between days 25 and 28 of gestation, gilts were slaughtered and reproductive tracts were recovered. Endometrial tissue (1 g) was collected and analysed for IGF-I mRNA levels using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Progesterone treatment, starting either on day 2 or 4 after breeding, neither significantly increased embryo survival rate by day 25 of gestation nor altered IGF-I mRNA levels in uterine tissue. However, across all samples, the IGF-I mRNA level in the uterus was highly correlated with embryo survival rate (r=0.8193, p<0.01), supporting the involvement of IGF-I in the regulation of porcine embryo development.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 1984

Kinetin(4.7$\times$10\ulcornerM) and 6-benzylaminopurine (2.2$\times$10\ulcornerM) were found to increase ca. 1.5-fold putrescice content in corn grown in medium containing kinetin and 6-benzylaminopurine(6-BAP) for 3days whereas kinetin was found to decrase ca. 30% spermidine and spermine, respectively. KCI (3$\times$10\ulcornerM) was found to decrease more than 50% putrescine content. After germination, ornithine decarboxylase activity was observed to increase constantly whereas arginine decarboxylase activity remained constant, suggesting involvement in putrescine biosynthesis. 6-benzylaminopurine was shown to increase more activities of arginine ornithine decarboxylase than kinetin when they were added to medium.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.60-66
• /
• 1999

Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) is known as a potential hepatic carcinogen by single administration. This study was designed to measure the effects of DEN-induced cell damage on the triglyceride and cholesterol concentration in the liver, excluding dietary effects. Fertilized chicken eggs, 10 days before hatching, were randomly divided into three groups (n=20) and each egg was injected 10 ${mu}ell$ of corn oil (vehicle control), 5 $\mu\textrm{g}$ of DEN/10 ${mu}ell$ of DEN/10 ${mu}ell$ into yolk via air sac. After 48 hr and 96 hr incubation, the damage of the chick-embryo liver cell was investigated by electron microscopy and by measuring the concentration of lipid components (total cholesterol, free cholesterol, phospholipid and triglyceride). For eggs administered 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$ of DEN and incuvated 96 hr, in hepatocyte, the nucleus membrane was roughed, the size of nucleolus was apparently increased and euchromatin was accumulated. Mitochondria were condensed and cristae, located mitochondiral inner membrane, were obscured. Additionally, the leaves of triglyceride and cholesterol classes were significantly increased depend on the amount treated with 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$ DEN at 96 hr, but phospholipids component of cell membrane, were decreased with significance. As a conclusion, carcinogen induced hepatic lesion was correlated with the changes in lipid component of liver.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.427-431
• /
• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the influence of giant embryo feeding on hypoglycemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Streptozotocin -induced diabetic rats were fed four kinds of experimental diets such as corn starch diet as a control, polished rice diet, brown rice diet and giant embeyonic rice diet for 6 weeks. The body weight gain diabetic of control was signaficantly suppressed compared to that of the normal. The supplementation of giant embryo increased the surivival rate. Feeding of giant embryo appeared to have ameliorating effects on diabetic symptoms including features such as polyphasia, polyuria. Giant embryo shortened gastrointestinal transit time and increased total fecal weight, total fecal dry weight and fecal water content compared with diabetic control. Giant embryo showed fasting blood glucose lowering effect compared with diabetic control. The disaccharidase activities in proximal part of intestine such as maltase sucrase and lactase in giant embryo feeding groups were lower than diabetic control. The results of this study show that giant embryo supplementation may have a beneficial Veffect on the hypoglycemia may be useful in the diet therapy for diabetic.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.171-178
• /
• 1990

Potential teratogenicity of Azinphos-methyl and Carbaryl was investigated in developing chick embryos. $100\;\mu\textrm{l}$ of Azinphos-methyl and Carbaryl was injected into air sac on day 4 of incubation. Body weight changes and morphological changes were examined. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. Body length, limb lengths and claw length of groups treated with high dose of Azinphosmethyl and Carbaryl were significantly shortened compared to untreated of vehicle control and body weights of them were significantly lower than those of control groups. 2. Treatment of Azinphos-methyl and Carbaryl increased incidence ratios of dead embryo by dosage (Azinphos-methyl: 18%, 21%, 41%, Carbaryl: 26%, 50%). 3. One case of beak malformation occurred in Carbaryl treatment group.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.59 no.1
• /
• pp.73-82
• /
• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the ear and kernel characteristics of waxy corn during ripening by double cropping, and to understand the pattern of starch accumulation in endosperm of waxy corn kernels. Chalok4 and Ilmichal were sown at April 20 (first cropping) and July 20 (second cropping) in 2011~2012. The accumulated temperature from silking to harvesting was about $590{\sim}630^{\circ}C$. It takes 23~24 days when Chalok4 and Ilmichal were sown in April 20, but July 20 sowing takes 32~35 days. Ear length and kernel set length were significantly shorter in second cropping (p<0.05). Kernel length, kernel width, 100-kernel weight, and starch content of waxy corn were increased as ears matured (p<0.05). Growth temperature was getting decreased during the ripening stage of second cropping, the rate of ear and kernel development had slowed. Starch granules started to accumulate in the cells around the pericarp, then developed in the cells around the embryo. In the second cropping, starch granules in the kernel of waxy corn were less compact than the first cropping, harvesting time of waxy corns can be extended. These results will be helpful to farmers for double cropping of waxy corn cultivation and management.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.375-379
• /
• 1994

A teratogenicity test of 'folpet' was carried out in the developing chick embryos to investigate and validate the safety of rural environmental hazardous materials. Folpet was administered to chick embryos' yolk sac at a rate of 0.1mg and 0.01mg per SPF eggs at 96 hours of incubation. The morphological changes were examined. Fertility ratio of SPF eggs used was 94.9%. Hatching rate of untreated control group was 74.4% and the group dosed with 100ul of corn oil into the yolk sac was 70.0%. The $LD_{50}$ of folpet was 0.663mg/100ul/egg. After hatching, mean body weight, body length, claw length and beak length of high and low dose administered groups were not significantly different from untreated and vehicle control group. There was no abnormal appearence in all the groups. Therefore it seems that, within the doses applied, folpet dose not induce potential teratogenicity in the developing chick embryos.