• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.303-313
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• 2008

This research is aimed to investigate the cultivation method of oyster mushroom[Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) Kummer] at the non-sterilized medium with $Ca(OH)_2$ treatment. Therefore, experiments were carried out to develop non-sterilization method of medium by addition of $Ca(OH)_2$ for omission of heat sterilization progress of medium. General components, minerals and amino acid in Jiri wild type No. 1 (Pleurotus ostreatus) and production cost were analyzed. For the purpose of omission of heat sterilization progress, treatment ratio of $Ca(OH)_2$ (purity 95%) was 5%(w/w) of dry medium. Initial pH of this medium was 11 and then the pH was changed by 9 after the uniform mixing of the medium for half an hour. The various germs occurred 50% and 100% at pH 8 and pH 7 of the non-sterilized medium, respectively. Production of oyster mushroom increased by $2,030\;ton\;ha^{-1}$ when the main raw material used corn pith instead of waste cotton. The time required of mycelium culture was 30 days when hypha was cultured at the non-sterilized medium, and pinhead occurred when 2 or 3 days was passed after the time required of mycelium culture. Occurrence of pinhead was most rapid at the condition of $22{\sim}26^{\circ}C$, 65% humidity and pH $6.5{\sim}7.0$ and required of $22{\sim}28$ days at $70{\sim}80\;mm$ thickness of non-sterilized medium. Ca content in 1st harvest oyster mushroom was higher than that in 2nd harvest one, and its difference was $30.3\;mg\;kg^{-1}$. Amino acid content by stipe thickness of oyster mushroom was ranged from 411.2 to $343.9\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ both in a pileus and a stipe of 1st harvest mushroom, and from 402.4 to $498.2\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ and from 442.6 to $470.4\;mg\;kg^{-1}$ in those of 2nd harvest one, respectively. The results of the present study suggest that the non-sterilization medium by addition of $Ca(OH)_2$ is usable with the cultivation of oyster mushroom.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.216-224
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• 2023

Since maize (Zea mays L.) originated in central and south America, it requires warm climate conditions throughout its growing season. Growth halts when night-time temperatures drop below 10℃, and the plant may die if temperature reach -1.7℃. Thus, temperature should be maintained between 10 and 30℃ from seeding to maturity. The germination temperature for maize should be at least 8-11℃, whit an optimal range 32-34℃. Since temperature significantly affects the germination rate and period, it plays a crucial role in maize growth. In this study, we evaluated the quantity and feed value of 11 major varieties to determine those best suited for maize cultivation as feed in higher latitude, specifically in Democratic People's of Republic of Korea, below 38 degrees north. A cultivation test was also conducted in Suwon in Republic of Korea, to assess adaptability in areas south of Mt. Suyang. Among the varieties tested, Shinhwangok2 reached silking the fastest, in 65 days, while Gwangpyeongok took the longest at 75 days. The stem length of all varieties exceeded 230 cm. Gwangpyeongok had the tallest stems, while Daanok and Shinhwangok2ho displayed the highest ear ratios. Dacheongok presented the highest values in both dry matter and TDN quantity, with 31,420 kg/ha and 21,66 kg/ha respectively. Pyeonggangok had the highest crude protein content at 8.0%. TDN (%) ranged from 57-68%, with Hwangdaok reaching up to 68%. Based on these findings, Dacheongok and Pyeonggangok appear to be the most suitable varieties for cultivation in terms of both quantity and feed value.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.68 no.4
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• pp.335-342
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• 2023

To achieve self-sufficiency in domestic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), an increase in high-quality wheat production is essential. Given Korea's limited land area, the utilization of cropping systems is imperative. Wheat is compatible with a double cropping system along with rice, soybeans, and corn. Data on alterations in wheat quality following summer crop cultivation is required. This study investigated the impact of cultivating preceding crops such as rice, soybeans, and corn in a wheat cropping system. The analysis focused on the influence of these preceding crops on wheat growth, quality, and soil characteristics, elucidating their interrelationships and impacts. While there were no differences in growth timing and quantity during wheat growth, a significant variance was observed in stem length. Protein content, a key quality attribute of wheat, displayed variations based on the intercropped crops, with the highest increase observed in wheat cultivated after soybeans. Soil moisture content also exhibited variations depending on the intercropping system. The wheat-rice intercropping system, which requires soil moisture retention, resulted in greater pore space saturation in comparison to other systems. Moreover, soil chemical properties, specifically phosphorus and calcium levels, were influenced by intercropping. The highest reduction in soil phosphorus content occurred with soybean cultivation. These findings suggest that intercropping wheat with soybeans can potentially enhance wheat quality in domestic varieties.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.428-438
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• 2014

Functional effects of cauliflower mushroom (Sparassis latifolia) have been magnified by various media and internal and external research papers, recently. So, optimum condition of wood chip particle size and cultivation method of high ${\beta}$-glucan content for bulk cultivation generalization of cauliflower mushroom farms researched. As a result, T7 (1~2 mm 25%, 2~4 mm 50%, over 4 mm 25%) media as mixed media of certain ratio of particle size, showed excellent growth at $11.5{\pm}1.0$ cm / 44 days. Also, production of fruit body found higher than control and marketable pileus part took 85% ratio. The ${\beta}$-glucan content at media composition condition showed 1.4~2.4 times higher content in stipe part than pileus part. Also, PCF300 medium found 59.5% highest ${\beta}$-glucan content in stipe part. While ${\beta}$-glucan content showed 33.0% low content in pileus part. Therefore it needed additional study that ${\beta}$-glucan content improved in pileus part. In conclusion, production of high ${\beta}$-glucan content cauliflower mushroom was possible by T7 condition (wood chip particle size: 1~2 mm 25%, 2~4 mm 50% and over 4 mm 25%, composition: corn powder, flour and 300 ppm yeast).

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.371-377
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• 2013

Occurrence of adult alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica Gyllenhal, was observed at Chinese milk vetch field, and host plant preference of its $1^{st}$ generation adult was observed at greenhouse and Chinese milk vetch field. The over-wintered adult of the weevil appeared from late March and peaked in mid April while the $1^{st}$ generation adult appeared from late April and peaked in late May. However, the occurrence of over-wintered adult was very low contrary to the $1^{st}$ generation adult which was very high with some variations among observed years. In greenhouse, host plant preference of $1^{st}$ adult generation of H. postica was evaluated with 11 different seedlings. H. postica was found to occur in significantly higher number on Chinese cabbage seedling followed by soybean, and kale at 7 days after releasing(DAR). Corn, crown daisy and sorghum were found to be the least preferred with nil occurrence of the weevil. Seedlings damage rate by H. postica feeding at 7DAR was the most severe on Chinese cabbage(60.0%) followed by soybean(50.0%), kale(30.0%), foxtail millet(16.7%), proso millet(13.3%) and lettuce(3.3%) significantly. Also, seedlings damage rate by H. postica at 7DAR in Chinese milk vetch field had shown the similar trend with Chinese cabbage(46.7%), soybean(43.3%), kale(23.3%), foxtail millet(13.3%) and proso millet(13.3%) in greenhouse significantly. Accordingly, results on host plant preference of H. postica from this study can be used as a basic information for safe cultivation of upland crops at near or around green manure crop field.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.241-246
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• 2002

Rye-hairy vetch mixture would be recommended fur produce higher yield and conserving soil environment. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of planting and harvest dates on quality and productivity of rye-hairy vetch mixture. Plant height of rye and hairy vetch was increased with delayed harvest dates, but it found that there was on significant difference among seeding dates. The dry matter(DM) content was increased with delayed harvest dates, and it showed 30% DM in mid-May. Crude protein(CP) content was decreased sharply from 17~18% in heading stage to 9~10% in flowering stage. The content of ADF(Acid detergent fiber) and NDF(Neutral detergent fiber) were increased with delayed harvest date, but IVDMD(In vitro dry matter digestibility) and TDN(Total digestible nutrient) were decreased. The change of dry matter yield was affected significantly by harvest date but was not by seeding time. The results of this experiments indicated that harvest in late-April would be recommended to produce the highest yield and quality if it is considered to cultivate com fur silage. Harvest in mid-May would be recommendable with the cultivation of early maturity silage corn or sorghum $\times$ sudangrass hybrids.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.88-100
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the effective components of media of Pleurotus eryngii for bottle cultivation and several alternative material for reducing cost and smooth supply. The results show that Potato starch, Cocoa shell, Corn gluten feed, Soybean flour(solvent extracted), Cottonseed hull, Poultry manure can be replaced in Bean curd dregs of basal substrates. Especially addition of Soybean flour at 2~8% and Poulty manure at 2% in place of Bean curd dregs is effective for mycelial growth of P. eryngii, Also Pine sawdust appears that can be replaced by Softwood sawdust and addition of softwood sawdust at 25.2% is most effective. Addition of $CaCO_3$, at 2~3%, $K_2CO_3$, at 0.2%, $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ in 0.1%, $MnSO_4{\cdot}5H_2O$ in 0.05% is effective for mycelial growth of P. eryngii, Activation materials used in this study have not enough benefit for mycelial growth in the financial aspect.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1478-1483
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• 2009

A solid-state culture based on grain materials was attempted to produce a fibrinolytic enzyme for blood circulation improvement using Bacillus subtilis BK-17. The spore, rather than vegetative cell inoculation, of B. subtilis BK-17 on the solid-state culture was effective in the production of a fibrinolytic enzyme. Maximum spore production was obtained with a SFM medium (0.8% nutrient broth, 0.05% yeast extract, $10^{-1}$ M $MgCl_2$, $10^{-3}$ M $FeCl_3$, $10^{-4}$ $MnCl_2$, $10^{-5}$ M dipicolic acid, pH 6.5). Optimal pH and temperature were pH 6 and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. The spore production reached a maximum at 60 hours of incubation. Bacillus subtilis BK-17 on the mung bean solid-state culture produced greater fibrinolytic activity, and less activity was seen in other grains such as kidney bean, soybean and corn. Protein and lipid contents of fermented soybeans were about 10 - 30% more than those of unfermented soybeans. Amino acid content was also 5 - 20% more than that of unfermented soybeans. These results indicated that fermented solid-state culture medium, fermented soybean in this case, can be utilized as a food supplement.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.158-161
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• 2005

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia BW-13 is a potent biocontrol agent to control crisphead lettuce bottom rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani. To define the optimum conditions for the mass production of the S. maltophilia BW-13, we have investigated optimum culture conditions and effects of various carbon sources on the bacterial growth. The optimum initial pH and temperature were determined as pH $6.0\~7.0 and $35^{\circ}C$, respectively. For the selection of effective carbon source for the mass production, we tested the low molecular carbon sources such as sucrose, glucose, lactose, maltose, manose and the high molecular carbon source such as dough conditioner, rice bran, corn starch, sweet potato starch. As the results, the addition of dough conditioner in a basal medium ($1.25\%\;K_{2}HPO_4,\;0.38\%\;KH_{2}PO_4,\;0.01\%\;MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_{2}O,\;0.5\%\;Yeast extract$) was able to achieve higher cell density and the antifungal activity than others. Therefore, the basal medium containing $3\%$ dough conditioner (named as dough conditioner medium) was finally selected the optimized media for the mass production of BW-13 strain.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.123-133
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• 1972

Over 90 of lysine producing auxotrophs were obtained from Corynebacterium sp. S-27-12, Brevibacterium flavum ATCC 15168 and Micrococcus glutamicus ATCC 13032 by UV light, $Co^{60}$ irradiation and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine treatment. One of the mutant, Brev. flavum U46-N59, was identified as a leucine auxotroph and accumulated lysine during flask (500 ml) cultivation (180 strokes/min.) up to 21.6 mg per ml of broth at pH 7.5 and $28^{\circ}C$ after 4 days. The medium consisted of glucose, 100; urea, 10; corn steep liquor, 40; $KH_2PO_4,\;2;\;K_2HPO_4,\;0.5;\; MgSO_4.\;7H_2O,\;0.4;\;antifoam\;S-57,\;1g;\;Fe_2(SO_4)_3.XH-2O,\;10;\; MnCl_2,\;4H_2O,\;10mg;\;biotin,\;30;\;thiamine-HCl,\;100{\mu}g$in 1l of distilled water, and 40 U/ml of penicillin was added after 36 hrs fermentation.