• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제22권4E호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2003

Shear wave velocity was measured and grain size analysis was conducted on two core samples obtained in unconsolidated marine sediments of the western continental margin, the East Sea. A pulse transmission technique based on the Hamilton frame was used to measure shear wave velocity. Duomorph ceramic bender transducer-receiver elements were used to generate and detect shear waves in sediment samples. Time delay was calculated by changing the sample length from the transducer-receiver element. Time delay is 43.18 μs and shear wave velocity (22.49 m/s) is calculated from the slope of regression line. Shear wave velocities of station 1 and 2 range from 8.9 to 19.0 m/s and from 8.8 to 22 mis, respectively. Shear wave velocities with depth in both cores are qualitatively in agreement with the compared model〔1〕, although the absolute value is different. The sediment type of two core samples is mud (mean grain size, 8-9Φ). Shear wave velocity generally increases with sediment depth, which is suggesting normally consolidated sediments. The complicated variation of velocity anisotropy with depth at station 2 is probably responsible for sediment disturbance by possible gas effect.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.23-37
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• 2008

The vertical distribution of dioxins and hexachlorobenzene(HCB) in a sediment core was investigated to elucidate historical trends of dioxins and HCB deposited into Upo wetland. The total concentration of dioxin ranged from 8.7 to 66.27 pg/g-dw in Upo sediments deposited, and from 17.64 to 97.03 pg/g-dw in Mokpo. Dioxin fluxes increased from the first-1990s and then reached a maximum in the mid-1990s. The major source of dioxin by comparing the congeners pattern was pentachlorophenol(PCP) used of agrochemicals. The HCB concentration in most of samples was detected below the MDL(Method Detection Limit of 0.5ng/g), except a few samples.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2008

Compressional sound velocities of shelf sediments in the South Sea of Korea, were measured in situ and in the laboratory for six cores. In situ sound velocity was measured using the Acoustic Lance (frequency of 7.5-15 kHz), while laboratory velocity was measured by the pulse transmission technique (frequency of 1MHz). Physical properties were relatively uniform with sediment depth, suggesting little effect of sediment compaction and/or consolidation. Average in situ velocity at each core site ranged from 1,457 to 1,488 m/s, which was less than the laboratory velocity of 1,503 and 1,604m/s. In muddy sediments the laboratory velocity was 39-47 m/s higher than in situ velocity. In sandy sediments, the difference was greater by an average of 116 m/s. Although the velocity data were corrected by the velocity ratio method based on bottom water temperature, the laboratory velocity was still higher than the in situ velocity (11-21 m/s in muddy sediments and 91 m/s in sandy sediments). This discrepancy may be caused by sediment disturbance during core collection and/or by the pressure of Acoustic Lance insertion, but it was most likely due to the frequency difference between in situ and laboratory measurement systems. Thus, when correcting laboratory velocity to in situ velocity, it is important to consider both temperature and frequency.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2008

Sediment cores were obtained from Upo and Mokpo in Upo Wetland and core samples were divided by depth into 20 ~ 21 subsamples. The heavy metal concentrations of Fe, Mn, Zn, AS, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Cr in the sediments of each depth were determined by ICP-MS. The texture of sediemnts from Upo Wetland appeared to be clayey silt with average grain size of $7.52{\sim}11.15{\mu}m$ for physical properties. It was found to have a clear tendency of depth profile with respect to TOC and ignition loss. Organics were stabilized in the range of 0.5 ~ 0.7 % TOC and 8 ~ 9 % ignition loss in 30 years, whereas, the surficial sediments have the highest concentrations of about 3.0 % of TOC and 13 ~ 15 % ignition loss. Those are much higher than the values of the main stream, the Nakdong River, which reflects the deposit of biodegradable organics from plants and other lifes. The vertical distribution of heavy metals in two sediment cores was investigated to elucidate historical trends of heavy metals deposited into Upo wetland. The depth profile concentrations of each heavy metal were compared and discussed with the Concensus-Based Sediment Quality Guidelines for freshwater ecosystems. All the Cd data for the vertical distribution in the sediments were detected above PEC value for Cd, which predict harmful effects on sediment-dwelling organisms expected to occur frequently. The concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Cr in all sediment samples for depth profile were detected below the TEC values, which provided a basis predicting the absence of toxicity by Zn, Cu, and Cr.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.341-352
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• 1997

Retention ponds have been dug along some of the motorways in France to minimize environmental pollution by keeping pollutants from spreading over the surrounding area. In order to study heavy metal pollution and diagenetic behaviour of sediments, eight core samples were collected from the bottom of a retention pond located along the A-71 motorway in Sologne. The metal concentrations in interstitial waters and extractable metal concentrations in sediment layers using sequential chemical extraction method were determined. The depth distributions of Pb, Zn and Cd concentrations in interstitial water and particulate sediments were studied, and distribution coefficients (KD) were also determined to investigate the environmental mobility of these elements. In addition. the index of geoaccumulation and the Fe-normalized enrichment factor were calculated to differentiate the natural accumulation from the anthropogenic pollution. The vertical concentration profiles of heavy metals in core sediments indicate that surface enrichments (0~2 cm) of Pb, Zn, Cd and organic carbon were always observed at each core sample, due to the early diagenesis. However, the major factor contributing to the accumulation of Cd at the sediment surface is attributed to the dissolution of Cd from polluted roadside soil during periods of rainstorms and its subsequent redeposition on the sediment surface after being carried to the retention pond. A comparison of the KD values indiactes that a decrease in the KD values for Pb and Zn was observed with depth while KD values for Cd increase. According to the KD values. the relative mobility of studied metals was determined as following: Mn>Zn>Cd>Pb, for the upper layer, and Mn>Cd>Zn>Pb, for the lower layers.

• 한국지구과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구과학회 2010년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.58-58
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• 2010

The sediment geochemistry, including REE of surface and core samples in the western part off Jeju Island have been carried out in order to understand the provenance and hydrolic sorting. The sediment in the study area were primarily composed of coarse silt with a mean grain size of $2.8{\sim}82.8{\mu}m$. The ratios of TOC over total nitrogen (TN) showed that the study area sediments contained more organic matters of marine origin than those of terrigenous origin. The total A1203, Fe203, K20, MgO, and MnO contents and REE concentration of the fine sediments are higher than those of the coarse sediments. The higher Zr/Th and Zr/Yb ratios in coarse sediments relative to fine-grained detritus indicates sedimentary sorting. Grain size influence the REE concentrations of the study area sediment significantly. The < $63{\mu}m$ fraction of the sediment has higher REE concentration and different REE patterns when compared with those in bulk samples, due to the presence of REE-enrich heavy minerals. The REE distribution patterns of the western part of Jeju Island sediments are relatively enriched in most LREEs than the Yellow River sediment and depleted in the Changjiang River, but the LaN/YbN ratios are similar to the Changjiang sediment. The Eu/Eu* ratios ranged from 0.594~0.665(0.631) is much similar to the Yellow River sediment, possibly mixture of the sediments from these two rivers.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.777-787
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• 2017

Organic enrichment and pollution was investigated in surface sediments from Jinhae Bay and Geoje-Hansan Bay of Korea, which contain the largest oyster farms in Korean coastal areas. Geochemical indicators (chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, ignition loss, and acid volatile sulfide) in sediments, ammonium and nitrate in pore water, and bioluminescence inhibition test for sediment extracts were analyzed. Temporal changes of organic enrichment were also investigated using sediment core samples from Geoje-Hansan Bay. The level of organic pollution in sediments from Jinhae Bay was significantly greater than that of sediments from Geoje-Hansan Bay. Compared with other sites, Jinhae Bay was one of the most polluted coastal areas of Korea. The levels of geochemical indicators in May were comparable to, or higher than, in August. Ammonium concentrations in pore water were two orders of magnitudes greater than the nitrate concentrations, suggesting that the bays are reducing environments. The concentrations of total organic carbon in core sediment samples from shellfish-farming areas increased significantly from 2000 to the present year, and it seems to be associated with increases in anthropogenic activities.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.335-346
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• 2005

이 연구에서는 동해 울릉분지 북서부해역의 제4기 후기 퇴적물 내의 유기물과 가스의 기원을 규명하기 위해서 천부 퇴적물과 공극수를 분석하였다. 연구지역에서 채취한 코어퇴적물을 원소 분석한 결과, C/N 및 C/S 비$(wt.\;\%)$는 퇴적물 내 유기물이 주로 해양조류 기원을 가지고, 일반적인 해양 또는 정체 환경에서 퇴적되었음을 지시한다 그러나 열분석 결과는 유기물 기원이 육상식물이고, 열적 성숙단계가 미성숙단계임을 보여준다. 이러한 원소분석과 열분석간의 관계는 유기물이 침강하는 동안 또는 퇴적 후 이루어진 강한 산화작용에 기인한 것으로 추정된다. 퇴적물 내 공극수와 공기층 가스의 분석을 통하여 매몰심도가 증가할수록 $SO_4\;^{2-}$농도는 감소하고, 공기층 가스의 주성분인 $CH_4$의 양이 증가한다는 것을 알 수 있었다 이것은 코어퇴적물에서 미생물과 관련된 황산염 환원작용이 일어났으며, 점진적으로 메탄생성단계로 전이가 일어났음을 의미한다. 또한 $CH_4$의 성분은 열기원보다는 생물기원임을 가리킨다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.881-889
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• 2003

Spatial and vertical variations of butyltins(BTs) were investigated in polluted sediments from Jinhae, Busan, Ulsan and Yeongil Bays located in the southeastern part of Korea. Tributyltin(TBT) as a dominant species was detected in 18 of the 20 surficial sediments, and TBT levels were lower that for those in heavily polluted areas worldwide, ranging from 12 to 766 ng Sn/g dry wt. Distribution of TBT levels among bays was not significantly different (p=0.286, ANOVA). The horizontal distributions observed at 20 sites suggests that TBT concentrations are still high in polluted sites around harbors and industrial complexes. The sedimentary records a peak in the early 1990s in Jinhae Bay, in the mid 1980s in Ulsan Bay and in the late 1970s in Yeongil Bay except for Busan Bay which had a homogenous profile. In paricular, TBT at the surface sediments of four core samples still had high levels. From the horizontal and vertical results, it could be assumed that TBT inputs in the sediments were not reduced significantly compared to past levels. The annual accumulation rates estimated using the sedimentation rates and the concentration of surficial sediments exhibited that the accumulation rate of Ulsan Bay was greater than the rates for Jinhae and Yeongil Bays.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.126-134
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• 2001

대한해협의 북동쪽에 위치하는 해저곡에서 채취된 2점의 시추퇴적물에는 장경 약 7cm의 각진 사암편들이 협재 되어 있다. 이 시추퇴적물들의 퇴적상 분석과 사암편내에 포함된 개형충의 동정 등에 의해서 사암편의 기원과 해저곡 퇴적물의 퇴적환경을 해석하고자 한다. 시추퇴적물들은 해저곡의 수심 약 160m의 해저면에서 채취되었는데, 이곳은 천부탄성파 탐사(Chirp)자료에서 표층반사면은 확산되어 길게 연장되어 있으며, 내부반사파가 없거나 확산된 음파 특성을 보이고 있다 이 시추퇴적물들은 사암편들과 조개편들이 협재되는 상부 역질 모래퇴적물과 하부의 생물교란된 뻘퇴적물로 구성되어 있다. 하부의 생물교란된 뻘퇴적물은 내대륙붕 및 대륙사면의 홀로세 뻘퇴적물에 비해서 낮은 함수율(27${\sim}$44%)과 높은 전단응력(19.2${\sim}$>37 kPa)을 가진다. 그리고 뻘퇴적물의 점토함량은 48${\sim}$56%로, 내대륙붕에 발달된 하천 기원의 뻘퇴적물과 구성성분이 거의 유사하다. 시추자료 상부의 역질 모래퇴적물은 평균입도가 2.3${\sim}3.0\;{\phi}$이며, 사암편과 조개편들에 의해서 상향조립화 되어 있다 현재 대륙붕의 팔림세스트(palimpsest) 퇴적물은 대부분 뻘질 모래 또는 모래질 뻘 퇴적물(평균입도: 4.6${\sim}7.6\;{\phi}$ )로 구성되어 있다. 이 자료들에 의해서 시추퇴적물들은 선현세의 저해수면시기에 형성된 고하천과 고해안 퇴적층일 가능성이 크다. 한편 모래 퇴적물 내에 협재된 사암편들은 대부분 석영립과 생물쇄설성 입자로 구성되어 있으며, 탄산염질 니로 구성된 기질과 일부 해록석 입자와 빈 공극들이 관찰된다. 또한 EP-7 시추퇴적물내에 포함된 사암괸에서는 한류성 개형충 종인 Normanicythere sp.와 Kotoracythere sp.가 산출되었는데, 이들은 후기 플라이오세${\sim}$전기 플라이스토세를 지시하는 절멸종이다. 따라서 이 사암편들은 최후빙하기 동안에 해저곡 주변에 노출된 플라이오세-플라이스토세 기반암으로부터 운반된 고해안퇴적층의 일부로 해석된다.