• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 2007

There are very necessary for three factors, that is sun(oxygen), temperature, nutritions to maintain life. when sun shines, skin temperature get up. after man eat food, core body temperature get higher. temperature is temperature. therefore, common characteristic of three factors is temperature. temperature is energy and qi(氣) in korean medicine. in addition to this one, pyretomedicine also insists that the key point of all disease development mechanism is also the overenough and poor of energy. In this aspects, writer submit this thesis about all disease development, neoplasia devolpment and metastasis as hypothesis.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.538-544
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• 2022

In existing ceramic mold manufacturing processes, inorganic binder systems (Si-Na, two-component system) are applied to ensure the effective firing strength of the ceramic mold and core. These inorganic binder systems makes it possible to manufacture a ceramic mold and core with high dimensional stability and effective strength. However, as in general sand casting processes, when molten metal is injected at room temperature, there is a limit to the production of thin or complex castings due to reduced fluidity caused by the rapid cooling of the molten metal. In addition, because sodium silicate generated through the vitrification reaction of the inorganic binder is converted into a liquid phase at a temperature of 1,000 ℃. or higher, it is somewhat difficult to manufacture parts through high-temperature casting. Therefore, in this study, a high-strength ceramic mold and core test piece with effective strength at high temperature was produced by applying a Si-Na-Ti three-component inorganic binder. The starting particles were coated with binary and ternary inorganic binders and mixed with an organic binder to prepare a molded body, and then heat-treated at 1,000/1,350/1,500 ℃ to prepare a fired body. In the sample where the two-component inorganic binder was applied, the glass was liquefied at a temperature of 1,000 ℃ or higher, and the strength decreased. However, the firing strength of the ceramic mold sample containing the three-component inorganic binder was improved, and it was confirmed that it was possible to manufacture a ceramic mold and core via high temperature casting.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.189-194
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• 2001

The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-stress effect of xylazine on rope-restrained stress using cattle. For this study we utilized biotelemetrical methods such as body temperature, heart rate and blood analysis. Twelve cows were divided into two groups as an only rope restrained group (control) and as rope-restrain+xylazine (0.05 mg/kg, IV) treated group (experimental group). Each group was under experimental environments for 24 hours before initiation of stress. The body temperature and the heart rate were checked every 5 minutes for 24 hours in two groups. We found that the core body temperature in the experimental group was higher than that of control group. We also found hat the heart rate in experimental group was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of control group for 90 minutes after 30 minutes of rope-restrained stress. The level of the plasma cortisol of experimental group was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of control group for 90 minutes after the rope-restrained stress was given. We performed the blood analysis to know whether rope-restrained stress affects RBC, WBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet values or not but we could not find the significant difference between control and experimental groups. These results suggest that the administration of xylazine might partially help to reduce rope-restrained stress in cattle.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.406-408
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• 2002

In order to know the characteristics of circadian rhythms in core temperature in tropical inhabitants, we measured rectal temperatures every 10 min for 24 hrs in 6 Vietnamese, 20 - 22 yrs (5 males and I females) under natural conditions. Average light intensity was 16000 lx. Ambient temperatures ranged from 33 to 36 oC. These data obtained were compared with those in Japanese setters and the Polish inhabitants. The participants were sitting mostly during wakefulness and lying in bed during sleep. The results obtained are summarized as follows: I) The average maximum value was 37.7 oC, which was significantly higher than in the Japanese and Polish as well. 2) The average minimum value was 36.4 oC, which was also lower. 3) A range of oscillation was 1.3 oC, which was clearly greater than in the people living in the temperate areas. The higher maximum value of core temperature, which was actively regulated under warm temperature, seemed of adaptive significance in order to reduce water consumption. A greater rage of oscillation in tropical Vietnamese people might have ecological significance for efficient acclimatization in the environment with strong light intensity and high ambient temperature, suggesting that the setpoint of core temperature could show a greater range of oscillation.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.95-98
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• 2012

A normal body temperature data base for cattle was established to utilize for automatic monitoring of abnormal body condition of cattle by using sensor network and radio frequency identification technology. Three castrated Holstein cattle (mean body weight: $318{\pm}12kg$) were employed for body temperature measurement. Animals were adapted at the stanchion barn over 2 weeks, and 4 places (skins of ear, neck, head and subcutaneous tissue of neck) of body temperatures were continuously measured through thermocouples and recorder devices for 9 days. All places of body temperatures were fluctuated throughout the day and showed a cyclic pattern, with higher temperature in day time and lower temperature in nigh time. Normal subcutaneous tissue temperature (core temperature) in a day was ranged from $36.1^{\circ}C$ to $38.2^{\circ}C$. Skin temperatures were varied largely with environmental temperature change. Ear, head and neck temperatures varied with $36.3{\sim}28.5^{\circ}C$, $36.1{\sim}28.0^{\circ}C$ and $35.0{\sim}28.2^{\circ}C$, respectively. In this study, we established a basic data base for normal body temperature in cattle. For more effective data base, it would be needed further study.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.2549-2558
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• 2010

A Remote Vital Sign Monitor is an in-home healthcare system designed to wirelessly monitor core-body temperature. The Remote Vital Sign Monitor provides accuracy and features which are comparable to hospital equipment while minimizing cost with ease-of-use. It has two parts, a bandage and a monitor. The bandage and the monitor both use the Chipcon2430(CC2430) which contains an integrated 2.4GHz Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum radio. The CC2430 allows Remote Vital Sign Monitor to operate at over a 100-foot indoor radius. A simple user interface allows the user to set an upper temperature and a lower temperature that is monitored with respect to the core-body temperature. If the core-body temperature exceeds the one of two defined temperatures, the alarm will sound. The alarm is powered by a low-voltage audio amplifier circuit which is connected to a speaker. In order to accurately calculate the core-body temperature, the Remote Vital Sign Monitor must utilize an accurate temperature sensing device. The thermistor selected from GE Sensing satisfies the need for a sensitive and accurate temperature reading. The LCD monitor has a screen size that measures 64.5mm long by 16.4mm wide and also contains back light, and this should allow the user to clearly view the monitor from at least 3 feet away in both light and dark situations.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1611-1617
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• 2018

The body temperature of livestock is directly related to the health of livestock such that it changes immediately when there exists health problem. Accordingly, the monitoring of livestock's temperature is one of most important tasks in farm management. However, the temperature of livestock is usually measured using skin-attached sensor which is significantly affected by the outside temperature and the condition of attachment which results in the inaccurate measurement of temperature. Herein we have proposed new scheme which estimates the body core temperature of cow based on measured data from neck-attached smart sensor. Especially, we have considered both schemes which estimate the exact temperature and which detect the unusually high temperature based on machine learning. We have found that the occurrence of high temperature can be detected accurately. The proposed scheme can be used in monitoring of health condition of cow and improving the efficiency of farm management.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.92-108
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• 2015

This study aimed at developing a down jacket prototype that utilized sunlight as an alternative energy source with no air pollution. The jacket is filled with flexible solar panels and has a heat-generating function and LED function. In this study, three smart down jacket prototypes were developed, and the jacket's capabilities were demonstrated through the thermal effect on the performance test. The typical output voltage of the flexible solar panels was 6.4V. By connecting the 2 solar cell modules in series, the final output voltage was 12.8V. A battery charge regulator module was used the KA 7809 (TO-220) of 9V. Three heating pads were to be inserted into the belly of the jacket as direct thermal heating elements, and the LED module was configured, separated by a flash and an indicator. The smart down jacket was designed to prevent damage to the down pack without the individual devices' interfering with the human body's motion. Because this study provides insulation from extreme cold with a purpose, the jacket was tested for heat insulation properties of non-heating, heating on the back, heating on the abdomen, and heating on both the back and abdomen in a sitting posture in a static state. Thermal property analysis results from examining the average skin temperature, core temperature, and the temperature and humidity within clothing showed, that placing a heating element in one place was more effective than distributing the heating elements in different locations. Heating on the back was the most effective for maintaining optimal skin temperature, core temperature, and humidity, whereas heating on the abdomen was not effective for maintaining optimal skin temperature, core temperature, or humidity within clothing because of the gap between the jacket and the body.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 1969

Skin temperatures on 10 sites and rectal temperature at every 10 minutes, oxygen consumption at every 20 minutes were measured on 18 male subjects (ages between 14 and 47 years) after exposure to cold air at $15^{\circ}C$ for two hours in a climatic room. Total body fat measured by means of a skinfold method and ratio of body surface area (S) to body volume (V), S/V, were utilized as basis of observations. Surface area was calculated after DuBois equation and body volume was calculated by our original formula. In influencing on the heat loss from the body core to the cold environment, % fat showed inverse relations, whereas, S/V ratio showed direct relations. Thus these two factors acted antagonistically on the body heat loss. Local skin temperatures showed negative correlations with skinfold thickness on the same site, nemaly, on chest, r=-.567; on back, r=-.507; and on upper arm, r=-.353. The other 7 skin sites showed low correlations with % fat. Minimum mean weighted skin temperature (MWST) showed a negative correlation (r=-.443) with % fat, and showed no correlation with S/V ratio. Oxygen consumption in the cold air at $15^{\circ}C$ increased from the first measurement at 20 minutes after exposure and maintained the same increasing trend up to 120 minutes. ${\Delta}T_R$ was greater in tile lean subjects who showed a greater % change in oxygen consumption. The antagonistic actions of % fat and S/V ratio on the heat loss were manifested by observations as follows: minimum rectal temperature was higher In fat subjects (r=.600) and lower in subjects with a greater S/V ratio (=-.582), ${\Delta}T_R$ was smaller in fat subjects (r=-.738) and greater in subjects with a greater S/V ratio (r=.618). Temperature difference between body core and skin surface (minimum rectal temperature minus minimum MWST) showed a positive correlation with % fat (r=.600) and a negative correlation with S/V ratio (r=-.881). Decrease in the mean body temperature and heat debt, respectively, showed negative correlations with % fat and positive correlations with S/V ratio.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.269-275
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was designed to help preparing the evidence-based data for the manual of heat applications by finding the differences of superficial and core temperatures after applying dry and moist heats on shoulder and thigh. Methods: Moist and dry heats were alternately applied on the 33 subjects a day apart from May 15, 2010 through June 9, 2010. The experiment was conducted with $23^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$ room temperature and 50% to 66% of moisture from 2 to 6 p.m. After heat was applied on the shoulder of the subjects wearing shorts and gowns for 30 minutes, their superficial and core temperatures were measured. The same method was used on the thigh after two hours. Results: Both superficial and core temperatures on the shoulder and thigh increased significantly after heat therapy. There was no significant difference between the temperatures before and after intervention according to applying methods and regions. Conclusion: This study provides a theoretical basis that a dry heat is a convenient nursing intervention for hypothermic patients.