• Title/Summary/Keyword: copper ions

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Kinetic Studies on the Aquation of Tetrahedral Copper (II) and Cobalt (II) Complexes (정사면체 구조를 갖는 Cu (II) 및 Co (II) 착화물들의 아쿠오화반응에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Young-Inn;Choi, Sung-Nak;Kim, Jung-Sook;Kim, Hae-Kyung
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.122-129
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    • 1988
  • The rates of aquation of sparteine cobalt(II) halide and sparteine copper(II) halide were investigated in the citrate buffer solutions. The aquation of cobalt(II) complexes proceeds via D-mechanism and the catalytic effect of halide ions is not observed. The aquation of copper(II) complexes proceeds via $I_d$-mechanism and is catalyzed by the presence of cyanide and halide ions, and the aquation rate is pH dependent. The different mechanistic behavior of cobalt(II) complexes from corresponding copper(II) complexes seems to be attributed to the weakness of Co-N bond in the coordination sphere.

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Solvent Extraction of Copper from $CuCl_2-NiCl_2-CoCl_2$ Solutions by Alamine336 and LIX84 ($CuCl_2-NiCl_2-CoCl_2$용액으로부터 Alamine336과 LIX84에 의한 구리의 용매추출)

  • Lee Man-Seung;Ahn Jong-Gwan;Ahn Jae-Woo
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.11 no.6
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    • pp.12-17
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    • 2002
  • Solvent extraction experiments have been performed to separate copper from $CuCl_2$-$NiCl_2$-$CoCl_2$$ solutions using Alamine336 and LIX84. The complex formation tendency between metal ions and chloride ion had a great effect on the distribution coefficients of Cu, Co and Ni ions and separation factor of Cu to Co and Ni. In the experimental ranges of chloride ion concentration from 0.5 to 4.0 M, LIX84 was superior to Alamine336 in separating copper from cobalt. When the volume percentage of LIX84 and Alamine336 was varied from 5 to 40%, LIX84 was more effective than Alamine336 in separating Cu from Co and Ni in solutions in which the chloride ion concentration was 1.0 M.

Structure of a Copper(Ⅱ) Hexaazamacrotricyclic Complex : (1,3,6,9,11,14-Hexaazatricyclo[12.2.1.16,9]octadecane)-copper(Ⅱ) Perchlorate

  • Cheon Manseog;Suh Paik Myunghyun;Shin Whanchul
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.363-367
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    • 1992
  • The crystal structure of (1,3,6,9,11,14-hexaazatricycol[12.2.1.$1^{6,9}$]octadecane)copper(Ⅱ) perchlorate, Cu($C_{12}H_{26}N_6$)$(ClO_4)_2$, has been determined by the X-ray diffraction methods. The crystal data are as follows: Mr=516.9, triclinic, ${\alpha}=8.572\;(2)$, b=8.499 (3), c=15.204 (3) ${\AA}$, ${\alpha}=80.42\;(5),\;{\beta}=73.57\;(3),\;{\gamma}=69.82\;(4)^{\circ},\;V=994.2\;{\AA}^3,\;D_C=1.726\;gcm^{-3}$, space group $P{\tilde{1}},\;Z=2,\;{\mu}=21.27\;cm^{-1}&, F(000)=534 and T=297 K. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares methods to and R value of 0.081 for 1608 observed reflections measured with graphite-mono-chromated Mo Ka radiation on a diffractometer. There are two independent complexes in the unit cell. The two copper ions lie at the special positions (1/2, 0, 0) and (0, 1/2, 1/2)and each complex possesses crystallographic center of symmetry. Each Cu ion is coordinated to four nitrogen donors if the hexaazamacrotricyclic ligand and weakly interacts with two oxygen atoms of the perchlorate ions to form a tetragonally distorted octahedral coordination geometry. The Cu_N (sec), Cu_N(tert) and Cu_O coordination distances are 1.985 (14), 2.055 (14) and 2.757 (13) ${\AA}$ for the complex A and 1.996 (10), 2.040 (11) and 2.660 (13) ${\AA}$ for the complex B, respectively. The macrocycles in the two independent cations assume a similar conformation with the average r.m.s. deviation of 0.073 ${\AA}$. Two 1,3-diazacyclopentane ring moieties of the hexaazamacrotricyclic ligand are placed oppositely and almost perpendicularly to the square coordination plane of the ruffled 14-membered macrocycle. The secondary N atoms are hydrogen-bonded to the perchlorate O atoms with distances of 3.017 (23) and 3.025 (19) ${\AA}$ for the complexes A and B, respectively.

Separation of Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) from Sulfuric Acid Solution by Solvent Extraction (황산용액에서 용매추출에 의한 코발트(II), 니켈(II) 및 구리(II) 분리)

  • Moon, Hyun Seung;Song, Si Jeong;Tran, Thanh Tuan;Lee, Man Seung
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.21-28
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    • 2022
  • The smelting reduction of spent lithium-ion batteries results in metallic alloys of cobalt, nickel, and copper. To develop a process to separate the metallic alloys, leaching of the metallic mixtures of these three metals with H2SO4 solution containing 3% H2O2 dissolved all the cobalt and nickel, together with 9.6% of the copper. Cyanex 301 selectively extracted Cu(II) from the leaching solution, and copper ions were completely stripped with 30% aqua regia. Selective extraction of Co(II) from a Cu(II)-free raffinate was possible using the ionic liquid ALi-SCN. Three-stage cross-current stripping of the loaded ALi-SCN by a 15% NH3 solution resulted in the complete stripping of Co(II). A process was proposed to separate the three metal ions from the sulfuric acid leaching solutions of metallic mixtures by employing solvent extraction.

Removal of Cadmium. Copper and Chromium Ions in Aqueous Solution using Water in Oil Micro-Emulsion (W/O 마이크로에멀젼을 이용한 수용액중의 카드뮴, 구리 및 크롬이온의 분리제거)

  • Lee, Sung-Sik;Lee, Eun-Joo;Kim, Hyung-Jun;Kim, Jong-Hwa
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.22 no.6
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    • pp.1021-1026
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    • 2000
  • The removal of cadmium, copper and chromium ions was carried in a phase transfer reactor using W/O(water in oil) microemulsion containing sodium di[2-ethylhexyl] sulfosuccinate(AOT) and isooctane system. Removal efficiencies and mass transfer rate of $Cd^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$ and $Cr^{3+}$ were increasing with increasing pH of aqueous solution. However, $Cr^{6+}$ was not extracted by W/O microemulsion with AOT/isooctane system. It was found that removal of heavy metal ions were required an attractive electrostatic interaction between the metal ions and W/O microemulsion. The relationship between mass transfer rate. Jo of $Cd^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$ and $Cr^{3+}$ and pH of aqueous solution by W/O microemulsion suggested.

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Synthesis of metallic copper nanoparticles and metal-metal bonding process using them

  • Kobayashi, Yoshio;Nakazawa, Hiroaki;Maeda, Takafumi;Yasuda, Yusuke;Morita, Toshiaki
    • Advances in nano research
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    • v.5 no.4
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    • pp.359-372
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    • 2017
  • Metallic copper nanoparticles were synthesised by reduction of copper ions in aqueous solution, and metal-metal bonding by using the nanoparticles was studied. A colloid solution of metallic copper nanoparticles was prepared by mixing an aqueous solution of $CuCl_2$ (0.01 M) and an aqueous solution of hydrazine (reductant) (0.2-1.0 M) in the presence of 0.0005 M of citric acid and 0.005 M of n-hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (stabilizers) at reduction temperature of $30-80^{\circ}C$. Copper-particle size varied (in the range of ca. 80-165 nm) with varying hydrazine concentration and reduction temperature. These dependences of particle size are explained by changes in number of metallic-copper-particle nuclei (determined by reduction rate) and changes in collision frequency of particles (based on movement of particles in accordance with temperature). The main component in the nanoparticles is metallic copper, and the metallic-copper particles are polycrystalline. Metallic-copper discs were successfully bonded by annealing at $400^{\circ}C$ and pressure of 1.2 MPa for 5 min in hydrogen gas with the help of the metalli-ccopper particles. Shear strength of the bonded copper discs was then measured. Dependences of shear strength on hydrazine concentration and reduction temperature were explained in terms of progress state of reduction, amount of impurity and particle size. Highest shear strength of 40.0 MPa was recorded for a colloid solution prepared at hydrazine concentration of 0.8 M and reduction temperature of $50^{\circ}C$.

Metal Ion Released from Old Prostheses May Affect Oral Lesions: A Pilot Study

  • Ju, Hye-Min;Kim, Ji-Su;Ahn, Yong-Woo;Ok, Soo-Min;Jeong, Sung-Hee
    • Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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    • v.43 no.4
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    • pp.131-135
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: To investigate the correlation between the amount of salivary metal ions released from fixed prostheses and the period of restoration insertion, and to evaluate the correlation between the type and amount of metal ions in saliva and oral lesions (OL). Methods: Based on the oldest prosthesis, we divided patients into two groups: more than 5 years (n=19) and less than 5 years (n=10). Patients were also divided into two groups by another criteria: the one with the presence (n=15), and the one with absence (n=14) of OL, and the amounts of metal ions were examined. Metal ions-gold (Au), copper, cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), nickel, zinc, aluminum, palladium (Pd), tin, and platinum (Pt)-were measured using laser ablation microprobe inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results: Significantly higher quantities of Co, Pt, and Pd ions were released in patients with fixed prosthesis of more than 5 years (p<0.05). Measurement of the average amount of salivary metal ions was performed on patients with and without OL - Significantly higher amounts of Cr, Pd and Au ions were released in patients with OL (p<0.05). Conclusions: Old prostheses (${\geq}5years$) released metal ions, and among them were Co, Pt and Pd ions more than others. Patients with OL showed significantly higher levels of ion release, especially Cr, Pd and Au. There was a positive correlation between the amount of a certain kind of released metal ions, especially Pd, and the development of OL. Salivary Pd ion released from old prostheses could affect the pathogenesis of OL; therefore, long-term follow-up is important.

Oxidation of Propylene on Copper(Ⅱ)-Exchanged Zeolite. Active Site for the Formation of Acrolein (구리(Ⅱ)를 이온교환한 제올라이트 Y 에서 프로필렌의 산화반응. 아크롤레인 생성의 활성점)

  • Uh Young Sun;Chon Hakze
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.80-87
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    • 1979
  • The active site for the formation of acrolein in propylene oxidation reaction over copper(Ⅱ)-exchanged zeolite Y has been studied. At the early stage of the reaction, the formation of hydrocarbons was observed. The formation of hydrocarbons decreased gradually during the course of reaction, apparently due to the poisoning the Bronsted acid sites. The formation of acrolein was quite low when the formation of hydrocarbons was proceeding. The formation of acrolein was depend on the copper ion content and this can be related to the availability of the copper ions inside the supercage. It seems that it is the copper ion not the Bronsted acid site which is primarily responsible for the formation of acrolein.

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Synthesis, Characterization and Magnetic Properties of a Novel Disulfonate-pillared Copper Hydroxide Cu2(OH)3(DS4)1/2, DS4 = 1,4-Butanedisulfonate

  • Park, Seong-Hun;Lee, Cheol-Eui
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.27 no.10
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    • pp.1587-1592
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    • 2006
  • We report the preparation, structure and magnetic properties of a new pillared complex, copper(II) hydroxy-1,4-butanedisulfonate, $Cu_2(OH)_3(O_3SC_4H_8SO_3)_{1/2}$. The titled compound was obtained by anion exchange, using copper hydroxyl nitrate $(Cu_2(OH)_3NO_3)$ as the starting material. According to the XRD data, this compound exhibits a pillared layered structure with organic layers tilted between the copper hydroxide layers with a tilt angle of $21.8^{\circ}$. FTIR spectroscopy confirms total exchange of nitrate by the sulfonate and indicates that the sulfonate functions are linked to the copper(II) ions with each aliphatic chain bridging the adjacent hydroxide layers. According to the dc and ac magnetic measurements, the title compound is a metamagnet consisting of spin-canted antiferromagnetic layers, with a Neel temperature of 11.8 K.

Chromatic Characteristics of Copper Glaze as a Function of Copper Oxide Addition and Sintering Atmosphere

  • No, Hyunggoo;Kim, Soomin;Kim, Ungsoo;Cho, Wooseok
    • Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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    • v.54 no.1
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    • pp.61-65
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    • 2017
  • Examined in this study were the effects of copper oxide (II) addition and sintering conditions on the chromatic characteristics of copper glaze. Oxidatively sintered samples exhibited the negative increase of $CIEa^*$ and the positive increase of $CIEb^*$ with the increase of CuO concentration, leading to Green and Green-Yellow coloration. On the other hand, $CIEa^*$ and $CIEb^*$ of reductively sintered samples were positively increased in direct proportion. The green color of oxidatively sintered samples was originated from the $Cu^{2+}$ ions formed by the dissolution of CuO. The reductively sintered samples resulted in dull tone red color with low chroma. Such behavior seems to be influenced by the interplay of metal Cu aggregation, metal Cu globule, and $Cu_2O$ formed in the glaze layer through the redox interaction of CuO during the sintering process.