• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.894-899
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• 2001

건강한 16세 여고생 8명에게 한국인 권장량 수준인 800mg의 칼슘을 함유한 정상칼슘식사를 1주간 섭취시키고, 그 다음 주에 1200mg Ca을 함유한 고칼슘식사를 제공하였다. 이대 정상칼슘식사에서는 6.57mg의 아연과 910$\mu\textrm{g}$의 구리를 평균적으로 함유하였다. 해당 식사를 제공하고 4일째부터 3일간 뇨와 대변을 매일 수집하였으며 음식과 뇨, 변 중 구리와 아연 함량을 정량분석하여 외견적 흡수율 및 체내 보유량을 계산하였다. 구리 및 아연의 평형대사 실험을 한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 아연의 대사평형을 보면, 고칼슘식사 섭취시의 뇨와 대변 중 아연 배설량은 정상칼슘식사시에 비해 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 그리고 아연의 체내 보유량은 고칼슘식사 섭취시 유의적으로 감소하였다.(p<0.05). 구리의 대사평형을 보면, 고칼슘식사 섭취시 대변을 통한 구리 배설량은 19.2$\mu\textrm{g}$으로 정상칼슘식사시의 11.4$\mu\textrm{g}$에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 따라서 외견적 흡수율은 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 소변을 통한 구리의 배설은 거의 나타나지 않았다. 또한 구리의 체내 보유량은 고칼슘식사시에 792$\mu\textrm{g}$으로 정상칼슘식사시의 899$\mu\textrm{g}$에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였다 (p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합해볼때 1200mg의 칼슘식사를 섭취하면 청소년기 여성에게서 구리와 아연의 외견적 흡수율이 감소하고, 대변을 통한 배설이 증가하며, 체내보유량은 유의적으로 감소하는 등 대사에 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다. 그러므로 칼슈의 다량 섭취는 미량원소의 대사에 크게 영향을 미칠 수 있으므로 필요한 미량원소의 경우 장에서 흡수시에 무기질간의 경쟁을 고려하여 적절한 양을 섭취하도록 권장량 설정에서 고려해야 할 것이다., P<0.05, p<0.05) 고알코올군에서 하루에 한번 이상 섭취한다는 비율이 비알코올군이나 알코올군보다 높았다. 그밖에 쌀밥, 보리, 두부, 당근 등 12가지 식품이나 식품군의 섭취빈도는 세군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 영양소 섭취상태에서 열량 섭취량은 세 군간에 유의한 차이를 보여 알코올 군과 고알코올군이 비알코올보다 낮았으며(p<0.05), 그밖에 단백질, 칼슘, 철, 비타민 A, 비타민 $B_{1}$, 비타민 $B_{2}$, 나이아신 비타민 C 섭취량은 세 군간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 본 연구에서는 알코올을 과량 섭취하는 대학생들에거 나타난 식사 문제점들은 흡연비율, 습관적인 결식 비율, 라면의 섭취 비율이 높은 것이었다. 이들은 자취를 하거나 식사관리를 스스로 하는 비율이 높아 적절한 알코올 섭취교육과 함께 식사 관리지도가 동시에 이루어져야 할 것으로 보여진다.종업원을 대상으로 이러한 측면에 대한 정기적인 위생 교육이 실시되어야 하겠다.geographer Yi-fu Tuan coined the word "topophilia" to indicate love of a place. No other word could better describe the desired urban resort nature of the stadium. From this historical perspective it seems that stadiums have great potential as urban resorts. The factor that will determine their success is the attitude of citizens toward them, in short whether they develop topophilia for them or not. We examined the urban resort nature of Kobe Wing Stadium. Regarding

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.443-450
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• 1990

임신과 수유 기간 동안 alcohol의 섭취가 어미와 새끼 쥐의 간내 copper 유용에 미치는 영향을 연구하기 위하여 cthanol(0 혹은 30%의 Kcal)과 copper(0.75 혹은 3.75mg/l 식이) 함량에 차이를 둔 식이조성으로 alcohol과 copper의 상호작용을 규명하는 factorial experiment를 수행하였다. 어미 쥐의 열량 섭취와 체중은 식이들에 의해 영향을 받지 않았다. 식이내 copper양이 적을 경우 alcohal을 섭취하지 않은 실험군과 비교하여 alcohol을 섭취한 실험군인 어미 쥐의 간 copper농도가 더욱 감소됨으로써 alcohol과 copper의 상호작용을 보여주었다. 새끼 쥐에게서는 식이내 copper 수준에 관계 없이 어미쥐의 alchol 섭취가 간의 총coppernein의 copper 농도에 반영되었다. Metallothionein의 zinc 함량은 metallothionetin의 copper함량과 반비례적인 관계로 보여주었다. 이상의 결과로 임신과 수유기 동안 식이내 copper함량이 적을 경우 alchol 섭취는 어미와 새끼 모두에게 copper 결핍을 초래할 수 있다는 것을 시사해준다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.55-64
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• 1993

본 실험은 육용계 기초사료에 copper와 Vit. E＋Se을 첨가급여시 육계의 혈청 IgG수준과 증체량 및 질병 발생율과의 상관관계를 조사함으로써 가금의 영양과 면역반응에 관한 기초적인 정보를 얻고자 실시하였다. 닭의 혈청중 IgG함량을 처리별, 시기별로 RID test에 의해 측정한 후 이를 증체량 및 건강상태와 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 대조구의 혈청중 IgG함량은 부화 직후에 최고치 (4.26mg/$m\ell$)를 나타내었으며 2주령까지 급격히 감소하여 최소치 (0.87mg/$m\ell$)를 유지하다가 그후에 점차적으로 증가하여, 7주령에는 2.48mg/$m\ell$의 수준을 보였다. 2. 혈청 IgG의 농도와 증체량과의 상관성은 사육전기에는 고도의 유의적인 부의 상관관계를 보였으며 3주령에서 가장 높은 상관계수(r＝-0.423)를 나타냈으며 사육후기에는 정의 상관관계를 나타내어 7주령시의 IgG농도와 3주령시 증체량간에는 r＝＋0.246의 상관계수를 보였다. (p＜0.01) 3. Cul5, Cu25와 ES2O군의 혈청 IgG수준은 2주령에서 대조군에 비하여 낮은 수준을 보이다가 3주령에는 급속히 상승한 반면에 대조군에서는 이와 같은 현상이 1주일 늦게 나타났다. 이는 Cu나 Vit. E와 Se을 혼합 첨가 급여할 경우에는 능동면역의 발달이 대조군보다 1주일 조기에 일어나는 것으로 판단된다. 4. Cu15와 Cu25의 증체량은 대조군보다 높은 수준을 나타내었다. 특히 4주령시 증체율은 대조군에 비하여 4.8%와 4.5%높았다. ES2O군의 증체효과는 없었으며 ES 40군은 대조군보다 유의적으로 낮은 증체유을 보였다. 5. Cul5, Cu25, ES2O, ES4O군은 대조군에 비하여 높은 건강 수준을 유지하였으며 폐사율은 각각 1.9%, 1.9%, 2.9%와 1.0%로써 대조군의 4.8%에 비하여 낮은 수준을 보여 질병에 대한 저항능력이 향상되었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.4609-4614
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• 2016

Purpose: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of copper reduction on angiogenesis-related factors in patients with glioblastoma multiforme treated by gamma knife radiosurgery. Materials and Methods: In the present block randomized, placebo-controlled trial, fifty eligible patients with a diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme who were candidates for gamma knife radiosurgery were randomly assigned into two groups to receive daily either 1gr penicillamine and a low copper diet or placebo for three months. The intervention started on the same day as gamma knife radiosurgery. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and copper levels were measured at baseline and after the intervention. The serum copper level was used as the final index of compliance with the diet. In order to control probable side effects of intervention, laboratory tests were conducted at the beginning, middle and end of the study. Results: The patients had a mean age and Karnofsky Performance Scale of 43.7 years and 75 respectively. Mean serum copper levels were significantly reduced in intervention group. Mean survival time was 18.5 months in intervention group vs. 14.9 in placebo group. VEGF and IL-6 levels in the intervention group were also significantly reduced compared to the placebo group and $TNF-{\alpha}$ increased less. Conclusions: It seems that reducing the level of copper in the diet and dosing with penicillamine leads to decline of angiogenesis-related factors such as VEGF, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$. Approaches targeting angiogenesis may improve survival and can be used as a future therapeutic strategy.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.69-79
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• 1983

The present studs was undertaken to observe the histopathological changes on the cardiac and skeletal muscles, and liver of rabbits fed a commercial ration, either alone or with supplements of Zinc (3,000mg/kg. of diet, as sulfate), Copper (1,500mg/kg. of diet, as sulfate), Linoleic acid (3% of diet), Zinc with Linoleic acid and Copper with Linoleic acid. In the skeletal muscle, light microscopic changes observed were cloudy swelling, hyaline degeneration, atrophy, fragmentation and coagulative necrosis of muscle fibers, and proliferation of fibroblasts and infiltration of mononuclear cells. Especially, in rabbits fed with supplements of Zinc with Linoleic acid and Copper with Linoleic acid, calcification with muscle fibers progressing to necrosis were often observed. In the myocardium, loss of muscle fibers with necrosis and vacuolization, hyaline degeneration, hemorrhage and congestion were observed. In the liver, congestion and necrosis of hepatocytes, and centrilobular necrosis were observed. Differences of histological changes among the experimental groups was not marked.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.325-330
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the obesity index and effect of dietary zinc and iron levels on serum trace minerals status in the high fat diet-induced obese rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to control and high fat diet groups. Ten weeks later, the control and high fat diet group were rearranged into six groups by zinc and iron levels. After 16 wk serum zinc, iron, copper and manganese was analyzed. Obesity index was significantly higher in the group fed high fat diet (20% lard) than that of control group (5% corn oil). Body fat content was 12.10$\pm$4.51g/100g BW in high fat diet group and 7.64$\pm$4.18g/100g BW in control group. So, the obese rats were successfully induced by high fat diet. The trace mineral concentration of obese rats in serum were affected by zinc levels. Serum zinc concentration was increased by dietary zinc overload, whereas the iron, copper and manganese were decreased. Specially the manganese concentration was significantly affected by zinc levels. In both groups, serum trace mineral concentration was not changed significantly by the dietary iron levels. There were positive correlations between zinc, iron and manganese concentration according to dietary zinc and iron levels.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.873-880
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• 2018

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to compare the effects of adding 130 mg/kg Cu from either copper sulfate (CS) or tribasic copper chloride (TBCC) on growth performance, mineral deposition in tissues, and the excretion in feces of pigs as well as changes in the mineral contents in tissues and feces when the supplemental Cu level was decreased from 130 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg. Methods: A total of 72 pigs ($32.6{\pm}1.2kg$) were randomly assigned to a CS diet or a TBCC diet with 6 pens per treatment. The trial lasted 102 d and included 3 phases (phase 1, 1 to 30 d; phase 2, 31 to 81 d; and phase 3, 82 to 102 d). The supplemental levels of Cu in the 2 treatments were 130 mg/kg in phase 1 and 2 and 10 mg/kg in phase 3. Results: The results showed that pigs fed the CS diet tended to have higher average daily gain than pigs fed the TBCC diet during d 1 to 81 (p<0.10). Compared with CS, TBCC increased the activities of aspartate transaminase (AST), ceruloplasmin, and superoxide dismutase in serum on d 30 (p<0.05). The TBCC decreased the Cu level in the liver on d 81 (p<0.05) and increased the Mn level in the liver on d 102 (p<0.05). The concentration of Cu in feces sharply decreased when the supplemental Cu level in diet changed from 130 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg in both diets (p<0.05). Conclusion: The result suggested that TBCC and CS had no significant difference on growth performance but TBCC had higher activities of AST and antioxidant enzymes and lower liver Cu than CS when pigs fed diets with 130 mg Cu /kg diet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.1067-1075
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• 2007

Twenty eight 3-4 month old castrated Black Bengal kids (Capra hircus) were used to determine the effects of source and level of dietary copper (Cu) concentration on their performance and nutrient utilization. Cu was supplemented (0, 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg diet DM) as copper sulfate ($CuSO_4$, $5H_2O$) or copper proteinate (Cu-P). Kids were fed a basal diet containing maize (19.5%), soybean (17.0%), deoiled rice bran (56.5%), molasses (4.0%), di-calcium phosphate and salt (1.0% each) and mineral and vitamin mixture (0.5% each) supplements at 3.5% of body weight to meet NRC (1981) requirements for protein, energy, macro minerals and micro minerals, excluding Cu. The basal diet contained 5.7 mg Cu/kg, 122.5 mg Fe/kg, 110 mg Zn/kg, 0.26 mg Mo/kg and 0.32% S. $CuSO_4$ or Cu-P was added to the basal diet at the rate of 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg. Kids were housed in a well ventilated shed with facilities for individual feeding in aluminum plated metabolic cages. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein on d 0, 30, 60 and 90 to determine hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC) and serum enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, alanine transferase and aspertate transferase). A metabolism trial of 6 days duration was conducted after 90 days of experimental feeding. Statistical analysis revealed that source and level of Cu supplementation improved live weight gain (p<0.04) and average daily gain (p<0.01). No significant contribution of source and level of Cu to alter serum serum enzymes was evident. Goats fed Cu-P tended to have higher Hb, PCV and TEC than with $CuSO_4$ supplementation. Cu-P increased digestibility of ether extract (EE, p<0.02) and crude fiber (p<0.05) and showed an increasing trend (p<0.09) for digested crude protein (CP) and crude fiber (CF). Supplemental dose of Cu linearly improved (p<0.02) digestibilities of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), EE and nitrogen free extract (NFE). Though the absorption of nitrogen (N) was not affected (p>0.10) by both source and dose of Cu, N retention was affected (p<0.04) and there was a significant $Source{\times}Dose$ interaction (p<0.05). Final body weight (BW) was not influenced (p>0.10) by the source of Cu but increasing dose of Cu increased (p<0.04) the BW of kids. TDN intake (g/kg $W^{0.75}$) was higher (p<0.05) with the increased dose of Cu and there was a significant $Source{\times}Dose$ interaction. It was concluded that supplementation of Cu from different sources and varying dose level in a concentrate based diet may improve performance, nutrient utilization and plane of nutrition in castrated Black Bengal kids. The effects on performance and nutrient utilization are more pronounced with Cu-P than $CuSO_4$ supplementation. Higher dose of Cu showed better result than lower dose.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.6.1-6.5
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• 2015

The objectives of this study were to study the effects of different levels of dietary copper on organ indexes, tissular Cu, Zn and Fe deposition and fur quality of mink in the growing-furring periods. One hundred and five standard dark male mink were randomly assigned to seven groups with the following dietary treatments: basal diet with no supplemental Cu (Control); basal diet supplemented with either 6, 12, 24, 48, 96 and 192 mg/kg Cu from copper sulphate, respectively. The colour intensity scores displayed a linear trend (P = 0.057). The spleen Cu concentrations responded in a linear (P < 0.05) fashion with increasing level of Cu, but copper supplementation did not affect speen concentrations of Fe or Zn. Supplemental dose of Cu linearly increased (P < 0.05) liver Cu and Fe concentrations but did not alter (P > 0.10) liver Zn. Our results indicate that Cu plays an important role in the pigmentation in growing-furring mink, and supplemental dietary Cu in growing-furring mink improve hair colour, and copper has limited effects on liver mineral deposition.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.435-447
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• 2021

Purpose: Body adiposity is negatively correlated with hepatic iron status, and Korean pine nut oil (PNO) has been reported to reduce adiposity. Therefore, we aimed to study the effects of PNO on adiposity, hepatic mineral status, and the expression of genes and proteins involved in iron absorption. Methods: Five-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a control diet containing 10% kcal from PNO (PC) or soybean oil (SBO; SC), or a high-fat diet (HFD) containing 35% kcal from lard and 10% kcal from PNO (PHFD) or SBO (SHFD). Hepatic iron, copper, and zinc content; and expression of genes and proteins related to iron absorption were measured. Results: HFD-fed mice had a higher white fat mass (2-fold; p < 0.001), lower hepatic iron content (25% lower; p < 0.001), and lower hepatic Hamp (p = 0.028) and duodenal Dcytb mRNA levels (p = 0.037) compared to the control diet-fed mice. Hepatic iron status was negatively correlated with body weight (r = -0.607, p < 0.001) and white fat mass (r = -0.745, p < 0.001). Although the PHFD group gained less body weight (18% less; p < 0.05) and white fat mass (18% less; p < 0.05) than the SHFD group, the hepatic iron status impaired by the HFD feeding did not improve. The expression of hepatic and duodenal ferroportin protein was not affected by the fat amount or the oil type. PNO-fed mice had significantly lower Slc11a2 (p = 0.022) and Slc40a1 expression (p = 0.027) compared to SBO-fed mice. However, the PC group had a higher Heph expression than the SC group (p < 0.05). The hepatic copper and zinc content did not differ between the four diet groups, but hepatic copper content adjusted by body weight was significantly lower in the HFD-fed mice compared to the control diet-fed mice. Conclusion: HFD-induced obesity decreased hepatic iron storage by affecting the regulation of genes related to iron absorption; however, the 18% less white fat mass in the PHFD group was not enough to improve the iron status compared to the SHFD group. The hepatic copper and zinc status was not altered by the fat amount or the oil type.