• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.694-702
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• 2022

본 논문은 메타버스 환경에서 대화형 AI가 어떻게 윤리적으로 진화될 수 있을지에 대한 솔루션을 UX(사용자경험) 관점으로 찾아보는 기술 전략 연구이다. 대화형 AI는 사람들과의 직접적인 인터랙션을 통해 사람들의 온·오프라인의 결정요소에 영향을 미치기 때문에 메타버스 AI 윤리가 필수적으로 반영되어야 한다. 대화형 AI의 머신러닝의 과정에는 사용자 개인의 경험데이터와 함께 문화적 코드들이 포함되고 고려되어야 사용자경험의 오류값을 줄일 수 있다. 이를 통해 초 개인화된 메타버스의 서비스가 사회적 가치를 고려하며 윤리적으로 진화할 수 있다. 위와 같은 가설을 기반으로 본 논문의 연구 결과로 메타버스 서비스 환경에서 컨택스트 기반의 대화형 AI를 위한 머신러닝(ML)과정에 사용자의 경험데이터를 추가한 선행적 관점의 개념 모델을 개발, 제안하였다.

• 대한청각학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2019

Background and Objectives: Clear speech is an effective communication strategy used in difficult listening situations that draws on techniques such as accurate articulation, a slow speech rate, and the inclusion of pauses. Although too slow speech and improperly amplified spectral information can deteriorate overall speech intelligibility, certain amplitude of increments of the mid-frequency bands (1 to 3 dB) and around 50% slower speech rates of clear speech, when compared to those in conversational speech, were reported as factors that can improve speech intelligibility positively. The purpose of this study was to identify whether amplitude increments of mid-frequency areas and slower speech rates were evident in Korean clear speech as they were in English clear speech. Subjects and Methods: To compare the acoustic characteristics of the two methods of speech production, the voices of 60 participants were recorded during conversational speech and then again during clear speech using a standardized sentence material. Results: The speech rate and longterm average speech spectrum (LTASS) were analyzed and compared. Speech rates for clear speech were slower than those for conversational speech. Increased amplitudes in the mid-frequency bands were evident for the LTASS of clear speech. Conclusions:The observed differences in the acoustic characteristics between the two types of speech production suggest that Korean clear speech can be an effective communication strategy to improve speech intelligibility.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2023

COVID-19 이후 온라인을 통한 소통이 증가하여 다양한 플랫폼을 기반으로 소통을 위한 대화 텍스트 데이터가 대량으로 축적되고 있다. 텍스트 데이터로부터 유의미한 정보를 추출하기 위한 텍스트 요약에 대한 중요성이 더욱 증가함에 따라 딥러닝을 활용한 추상 요약 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 대화 데이터는 뉴스 기사와 같은 정형화된 텍스트에 비해 누락 및 변형이 많아 대화 상황을 다양한 관점에서 고려해야 하는 특이성이 있다. 특히 어휘 생략과 동시에 내용과 관련 없는 표현 요소들이 대화의 내용을 요약하는 데 방해가 된다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 한국어 대화 데이터의 특성을 고려하여 발화문을 재구조화하고 KoBART 기반의 사전학습된 텍스트 요약 모델을 파인 튜닝후, 요약문에서 중복 요소를 제거하는 정제 작업을 통해 대화 데이터 요약 성능을 향상시키고자 한다. 발화문을 재구조화하는 방법으로는 발화 순서에 따라 재구조화는 방법과 중심 발화자를 기준으로 재구조화하는 방법을 결합하였다. 대화문 재구조화 방법을 적용한 결과, Rouge-1 점수가 4 정도 향상되었다. 본 연구의 대화 특성을 고려한 재구조화 방법이 한국어 대화 요약 성능 향상에 유의미함을 입증하였다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.1296-1306
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• 2020

Childhood verbal communication impacts children's language skills and has a positive effect as partners use more vocabulary. But reduction in family time, caused by lowered age for private education and so on, has reduced the chance for children to speak with partners who have a proficient language skill. This vacancy was naturally occupied by the media, which has become one of the cornerstones of the growth of kids' contents. Kids contents are making various attempts to expand the breadth of services. But most contents still focus on unilateral visual information delivery yet, so there is a limit to satisfy the vacancy of conversation partners. Therefore this paper suggests an ECA(Embodied conversational agent) to induce children's spoken conversation using a virtual character frequently used in kids contents. This system is implemented by the voice bot and agent model produced using an IBM assistant and Unity. As a result of using ECA for 66 children of 5-9 years old, it showed meaningful results in terms of induction of verbal communication.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop evaluation criteria for conversations about medication and to demonstrate conversational analysis with actual dialogues on medication as examples. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of qualitative research using conversational analysis which showed functional phases and patterns of dialogue about medication (greeting, identifying the patient, medicating, finishing). Nurse-patient conversations were videotaped and transcribed and 75 conversations were used for analysis. Results: Not all functional phases were showed in the conversations about medication. Therefore, conversations about medication can be considered as incomplete dialogues. The evaluation-criteria were represented in terms of the structure and content of the dialogues. Structural evaluation-criteria were the same as the functional phases, as functional stage is the standard for evaluation. The criteria of evaluation for content suggested 3 domains, content, expression, and interaction with 20 items scored on a Likert-type scale of 5-points. Finally, analysis of actual conversations about medication according to the evaluative criteria were provided. Conclusion: The results provide the basic data to develop educational programs and strategies to improve nurses’ competency in conversation about medication.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2013

Previous laboratory studies have shown that prosodic structures are encoded in the modulations of phonetic patterns of speech including suprasegmental as well as segmental features. In particular, effects of prosodic context on duration and intensity of syllables and words have been widely reported. Drawing on prosodically annotated large-scale speech data from the Buckeye corpus of conversational speech of American English, the current study attempted to examine whether and how prosodic prominence and phrase boundary of everyday conversational speech, as determined by a large group of ordinary listeners, are related to the phonetic realization of duration and intensity. The results showed that the patterns of word durations and intensities are influenced by prosodic structure. Closer examinations revealed, however, that the effects of prosodic prominence are not the same as those of prosodic phrase boundary. With regard to intensity measures, the results revealed the systematic changes in the patterns of overall RMS intensity near prosodic phrase boundary but the prominence effects are restricted to the nucleus. In terms of duration measures, both prosodic prominence and phrase boundary are the most closely related to the lengthening of the nucleus. Yet, prosodic prominence is more closely related to the lengthening of the onset while phrase boundary lengthens the coda duration more. The findings from the current study suggest that the phonetic realizations of prosodic prominence are different from those of prosodic phrase boundary, and speakers signal different prosodic structures through deliberate modulations of the internal phonetic structure of words and listeners attend to such phonetic variations.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.877-885
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• 2006

최근에 대화형 에이전트에서 사용자 질의의 주제 추론을 위하여 베이지안 네트워크가 효과임이 발표되었다. 하지만 베이지안 네트워크는 설계에 있어서 많은 시간이 소요되며, 스크립트(대화를 위한 데이타베이스)의 추가 변경시에는 베이지안 네트워크도 같이 수정해야 하는 번거로움이 있어 대화형 에이전트의 확장성을 저해하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 스크림트로부터 베이지안 네트워크를 자동으로 생성함으로써 베이지안 네트워크를 이용한 대화형 에이전트의 확장성을 높이는 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법은 베이지안 네트워크의 구성노드를 계층적으로 설계하고, Noisy-OR gate를 사용하여 베이지안 네트워크의 조건부 확률 테이블을 구성한다. 피험자 10명이 대화형 에이전트를 위한 베이지안 네트워크를 수동 설계한 것과 비교한 결과 제안하는 방법이 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.3904-3917
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• 2017

IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) is an open standardized architecture for delivering multimedia service over IP network in a route-agnostic manner. With the increasing popularity of conversational class service, the delivery of a traffic flow with a certain bandwidth demand over a single network path is either not possible or not cost-effective. Multipath transmission is considered to be a promising solution to provide high-quality delivery service. This paper proposes a software defined service overlay network (SDSON) based multipath transmission framework for IMS, which is complementary to existing network architecture. The framework transforms original two-party session negotiation into three-party session negotiation that supports participants to negotiate multipath transmission capacity and path information by signaling message. Based on existing IETF standards, SIP and SDP are scalable to support these functions. Finally, the proposed framework is fully implemented on open source platform and examined by experiments. Experimental results show that multipath-enabled IMS is an effective way to improve the delivery performance of conversational class service.

• 한국정보컨버전스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보컨버전스학회 2008년도 International conference on information convergence
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• pp.53-56
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• 2008

This paper reports on the ACQA(Animated agent for Conversational Question Answering) project conducted at LIMSI. The aim is to design an expressive animated conversational agent(ACA) for conducting research along two main lines: 1/ perceptual experiments(eg perception of expressivity and 3D movements in both audio and visual channels): 2/ design of human-computer interfaces requiring head models at different resolutions and the integration of the talking head in virtual scenes. The target application of this expressive ACA is a real-time question and answer speech based system developed at LIMSI(RITEL). The architecture of the system is based on distributed modules exchanging messages through a network protocol. The main components of the system are: RITEL a question and answer system searching raw text, which is able to produce a text(the answer) and attitudinal information; this attitudinal information is then processed for delivering expressive tags; the text is converted into phoneme, viseme, and prosodic descriptions. Audio speech is generated by the LIMSI selection-concatenation text-to-speech engine. Visual speech is using MPEG4 keypoint-based animation, and is rendered in real-time by Virtual Choreographer (VirChor), a GPU-based 3D engine. Finally, visual and audio speech is played in a 3D audio and visual scene. The project also puts a lot of effort for realistic visual and audio 3D rendering. A new model of phoneme-dependant human radiation patterns is included in the speech synthesis system, so that the ACA can move in the virtual scene with realistic 3D visual and audio rendering.

• Journal of Smart Tourism
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2023

Tourism and hospitality have encountered significant changes in recent years as a result of the rapid development of information technology (IT). Customers now expect more expedient services and customized travel experiences, which has intensified competition among service providers. To meet these demands, businesses have adopted sophisticated IT applications such as ChatGPT, which enables real-time interaction with consumers and provides recommendations based on their preferences. This paper focuses on the AI support-prompt middleware system, which functions as a mediator between generative AI and human users, and discusses two operational rules associated with it. The first rule is the Information Processing Rule, which requires the middleware system to determine appropriate responses based on the context of the conversation using techniques for natural language processing. The second rule is the Information Presentation Rule, which requires the middleware system to choose an appropriate language style and conversational attitude based on the gravity of the topic or the conversational context. These rules are essential for guaranteeing that the middleware system can fathom user intent and respond appropriately in various conversational contexts. This study contributes to the planning and analysis of service design by deriving design rules for middleware systems to incorporate artificial intelligence into tourism services. By comprehending the operation of AI support-prompt middleware systems, service providers can design more effective and efficient AI-driven tourism services, thereby improving the customer experience and obtaining a market advantage.