• 패션비즈니스
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.43-54
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• 2011

Digital Textile Printing(DTP) is appropriate for quick response system(QRS) and is closely connected with high value added fashion industry. Fashion products of high price are mainly silk and cotton. For high quality DTP products, it is important to optimize the parameters of media, pre and after-treatment, ink, printer, etc. DTP for these two fiber materials is also accompanied certainly with steaming as after-treatment process for coloration. Role of steam is like water in exhaustion dyeing. Steam can diffuse dye or ink in printing paste to fiber. Quality of DTP products depend on after-treatment processes such as steaming, washing, drying. Current production amount of DTP is smaller than one of conventional textile printing. However conventional after-treatment system has been using so far. This is mismatched with DTP in terms of process efficiency, spot work of small lot, quality control. In this study, continuous after-treatment system has been suitably designed for DTP that washing and drying are available after steaming. So, It is possible to improve efficiency of DTP process. Especially, the effects of after-treatment process, such as temperature of heat drum, steaming time on printability, color difference, color fastness were examined. Two types of samples(cotton knit and silk fabrics) were used. The results were obtained as follows : First, there is no a wide difference between the K/S values of cotton and silk treated with continuous after-treatment system and those of sample treated with conventional printing after-treatment method. So it is more effective to use the continuous after-treatment system than conventional printing after-treatment system in case of the daily throughput of 1,000 yards below. Second, after continuous after-treatment for DTP, K/S values were increased and lightness($L^*$) values were decreased. ${\Delta}E$ values were below 2.3. Third, DTP samples treated with continuous after-treatment system were tested for fastness(washing, light, rubbing). Grades of fastness(washing, light, rubbing) were above 3 grade.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.66-94
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• 2022

Objectives : Diabetic Foot Ulcer(DFU) is one of the common complications of diabetes. DFU is difficult to treat compared to other chronic wounds and clinically effective treatments are limited. The purpose of this study is to review the of external ointment treatment for DFU. Methods : 8 databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CNKI, NDSL, RISS, KISS, OASIS including English, Korean and Chinese were searched by structured search strategies that consist of terms as 'diabetic foot', 'diabetic foot ulcer(DFU)' and 'randomized' from January 2001 to January 2021. All randomized controlled trials(RCTs) involving treatment group as external ointment or in combination with conventional treatment were included. Results: A total of 20 RCTs was identified and analyzed. In treatment group, ointment was applied based on conventional treatment. A total of 16 different ointments were used, and the frequency of use was highest in the order of Heat-clearing drug, Blood-activating and stasis-dispelling drug, Tonifying and Replenishing drug and Orifice-opening drug. The most used herbs were in the order of Coptis chinensis Franch., Phellodendron chinense Schneid., Borneolum syntheticum., Angelica sinensis(Oliv.) Diels. In treatment group, a clinically effective effect was obtained compared to the contrast group. Conclusions : The result of this study suggest that external ointment treatment based on conventional treatment can be applied to DFU.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2015

Background: Biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) extend the treatment choices for rheumatoid arthritis patients with insufficient response or intolerance to conventional DMARDs (cDMARDs). These agents have considerable efficacy compared with conventional DMARDs, but only a few head-to-head comparisons among these agents have been performed. The objective of this systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) was to compare the relative efficacy of Certolizumab with conventional DMARD to licensed bDMARD with cDMARD therapy for patients who failed to prior cDMARD treatment under the condition of the reimbursement coverage criteria in Korea. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using MEDLINE and Cochrane library. Key endpoints were the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) responses of 20/50/70 at six months. Bayesian outcomes were calculated as median of treatment effect, probability of the best, Odds Ratio (OR) and probability that OR was greater than one. Results: Compared with other bDMARDs, Certolizumab were associated with higher or comparable ACR response rates; in ACR20, the OR (probability of OR>1) was 2.08 (92.6%) for Adalimumab, 1.86 (85.7%) for Etanercept, 1.89 (79.5%) for Golimumab, 2.36 (92.1%) for Infliximab, 1.79 (87.0%) for Abatacept, 1.74 (80.8%) for Rituximab and 1.82 (86.8%) for Tocilizaumab. In ACR50 and ACR70, the ORs did not present significant differences. Conclusion: Certolizaumab with cDMARD was more effective or comparable than other bDMARDs in patients who failed prior cDMARD treatment.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.143-148
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• 1995

Purpose: We tried to evaluate the role of conventional radiotherapy alone or with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the hypopharyngeal cancer by retrospective analysis. Materials and Methods: Between Jul.1985 and Sep.1992, 42 patients of hypopharyngeal cancer were treated by conventional radiotherapy alone or combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The male to female ratio was 20:1 with a median age of 58 years, Twelve Patients were treated by conventional radiotherapy alone and 30 patients were treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Results: Seven Patients were Stage I,II and the patients with stage III and IV were 10 and 25, respectively at the time of presentation. The overall survival and disease-specific survival rates at 24 months were $12.9\%$ and $15.5\%,$respectively Two-year survival rates of stage I+II and III+IV patients were $50\%$ and $6.3\%,$ respectively(p(0.05). Sixteen Patients$(38\%)$ revealed CR and 26 patients$(62\%)$ revealed less than CR at the end of radiotherapy and their 2-year survival rates were $31.3\%\;and\;0\%,$ respectively(p(0.05). On univariate analysis, stage, T-stage, N-stage and treatment response were the significant prognostic factors, but only stage and treatment response were significant on multivariate analysis Conclusion : This conventional radiotherapy alone or with neoadjuvant chemotherapy does not seem to be sufficient in the treatment of most advanced hypopharyngeal cancer Therefore other treatment modalities such as hyperfractionation or concurrent chemoradiotherapy should be considered.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.102-106
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• 1995

This study was performed to examine factors affecting the decompostion of nondegradable polluants(trichloroethylene(TCE), phenol) using ultrasonic irradiation. The TCE and phenol, which are major hazard compounds causing environmental pollution, were not decomposable pollutants by conventional treatment. The results show that the oxidation and reduction reaction of ultrasound produced $H_2O_2$, $H^+$ and $OH^-$ radical, which decomposed pollutants of TCE and phenol in water. It was confirmed that the ultrasonic irradiation showed an excellent removal efficiency for the nondegradable pollutants than any other processes, utilized in the treatment of organic compounds in the industrial wastewater. Conclusively, these results suggest that ultrasonic irradiation may be highly useful for the treatment of wastewaters contaminated organic pollutants, which is difficult to treat economically by conventional process.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2015

Background: Emergency room doctors run into difficulties in treating injured pediatric patients because usually they fell into panic after trauma. In these situation, deep sedation with sevoflurane is fully recommendable method. The conventional way can interrupt common dental treatment procedure. Methods: In the present study, nasal cannula was used for sevoflurane deep sedation in 11 dental emergency treatment. Age ranged from 0 to 3 years old (average of 1.8 years). Results: Treatment duration was from 10 to 35 minutes (average of 16.7 minutes). Average duration of sedation was 25.5 minutes ranging from 15 to 45 minutes. Conclusions: It has advantages to use nasal cannula for sevoflurane deep sedation rather than conventional intubation; saves time and secures good operation field.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.76-84
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• 1995

This study was performed to examine the factors influenced on the decomposition of nondegradable organic pollutants( Tricholoroethylene,Benzene ) in aqueous by ultrasonic irradiation. The TCE( Tricholoroethylene ) and Benzene are major hazard compounds causing environmental Pollution and not decomposable substances by conventional treatment. The results shows that the oxidation and reduction reaction of ultrasonic Irradiation was formed the H$_{2}$O$_{2}$ , H$^{+}$ and OH$^{-}$ radical, and then theses was decomposed pollutants of TCE and Benzene in aqueous. We were conformed that the ultrasonic irradiation was excellent in removal efficiency of the nondegradable organic substances any other than processes and utilized the treatment of organic compounds in the industrial wastewater. Conclusively, these results suggest that ultrasonic irradiation may be extremely useful for the treatment of wastewater contaminated organic pollutants, which is difficult to treat economically by conventional treatment.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

In Bok-Jeong water treatment plant, chlorination is the only technique used for disinfection of drinking water. This disinfecting treatment leads to the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs). This study was carried out to investigate the possibility of improving removal efficiency of THM precursor in the conventional water treatment processes by $TiO_2$ photocatalytic oxidation. Removal efficiencies of DOC, $UV_{254}$, THMFP were low in the conventional water treatment processes. With application of $TiO_2$ photocatalyst, DOC, $UV_{254}$, THMFP were reduced more effectively. As the $TiO_2$ photocatalytic reaction time increased, the removal efficiencies of DOC, $UV_{254}$, THMFP were increased. The $TiO_2$ photocatalytic removal efficiencies of DOC, $UV_{254}$, THMFP were increased with increasing $TiO_2$ dosage. However, over 0.6g/l of $TiO_2$ dosage, the efficiency reached a plateau.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.158-169
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 소구치부에 발생한 치외치의 치료방법, 결과, 시기, 각 치료방법의 실패시 임상 증상과 징후 등에 대해 분석하는 것이다. 연구에는 151명의 환자와 417개의 치아가 포함되었다. 치료방법에는 예방적 치료인 레진 수복, 직접 치수복조와 근관 치료인 치수 재혈관화, 치근단 형성술, 전통적인 근관치료가 포함되었다. 예방적 레진 수복은 치외치 결절이 온전한 상태에서 성공적인 결과를 보였으며, 결절이 파절된 경우에도 효과적이었다. 직접 치수복조는 치근단 병소 없이 저작통만 존재할 때 임상 증상의 해소와 치근 성장을 보였다. 치수 재혈관화, 치근단 형성술, 전통적인 근관치료 시 가장 많이 나타난 치료 전 상태는 치근단 병소이었다. 치수 재혈관화는 대부분에서 성공적인 결과를 보였다. 하지만 일부에서 치근 길이 또는 치근벽 두께 증가가 나타나지 않은 경우가 있었다. 치근단 형성술과 전통적인 근관치료는 모두 효과적이었다. 치외치의 예방적 치료 성공률을 높이기 위해 치외치가 교합력을 받지 않을 때이거나 온전한 결절이 존재하는 상태에서 레진 수복이 시행되어야 한다. 결절이 파절된 경우 성공적인 치료를 위해서는 치근발육단계와 치수 상태가 고려되어야 한다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.379-386
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• 2016

목적: 본 연구에서는 전통적 인상채득과 디지털 인상채득을 모두 경험한 환자들의 만족도를 조사하여 다양한 항목에 대하여 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법: 구강 내 디지털 인상채득의 방법을 사용하는 5개의 치과병원에서, 보철 치료를 위해 기존의 인상재를 이용한 방법과 디지털 인상채득을 모두 경험한 만 20세 이상의 성인 환자 170명을 대상으로, 2015년 10월부터 2016년 4월까지 설문조사를 실시하였다. 총128부의 설문지를 분석 자료로 이용하였으며, 빈도분석, 다중응답 빈도분석, 기술통계, 비모수 검정, 교차 분석을 시행하였고, 유의수준은 0.05로 설정하였다. 결과: 디지털 인상채득의 이유는 '임플란트치료'(43.8%), '크라운치료'(30.5%), '인레이치료'(15.6%) 순서로 나타났다. 전통적 인상채득의 평균 만족도보다 디지털 인상채득의 평균 만족도가 유의하게 더 높았다 (P<.05). 재선택하고 싶은 인상채득 방법으로는 전통적 인상채득(11.7%) 보다 디지털 인상채득(60.2%)이 더 높게 나타났다. 디지털 인상채득을 재선택한 이유로는 '구토반사가 없어서'(35.1%), '3D디지털 스캔이라 신뢰가 가서'(33.8%), '시간이짧아서'(33.8%) 순으로 나타났다. 결론: 환자 만족도 및 다시 선택하고 싶은 인상채득의 방법으로 전통적 인상채득 보다 디지털 인상채득의 선택이 더 높게 나타났다.