• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.187-197
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• 2001

Conventional design producing systems using the Internet are largely classified into two groups: a basic type in which an operator of a design producing site receives an order for manufacture of a design from a purchaser, produces the design based on the content of the received order, and delivers the produced design to the purchaser; and a type in which a purchaser inspects given designs and select one of them for purchasing. Such conventional design producing systems have following problems. Firstly, receiving an order over the internet and delivering a produced design to a purchaser has nearly the same procedure as a conventional logo design procedure with the sole exception that an order can be received through the Internet. Therefore, the production of a design still costs a great deal and takes much time. Secondly, inspecting given designs, selecting one and producing the selected design is like simply selecting a picture, and thus a purchaser is not allowed to modify a design. To solve the above problems, it is an object of the present a new solution to provide a self-design producing system and method using network, in which a purchaser searches a design database for a design suitable for the purchaser's company, determines a design database by modifying design conditions, and makes an order for manufacture of a product to which the determined design is applied, through the Internet.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.29-36
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• 2016

Purpose: Skin grafting is used for the transfer of cutaneous tissue from one site of the body to another. To improve graft survival, close contact between the graft and the wound bed is essential for vessels to grow across the gap. Here, we introduce an easy and efficient dressing method to improve graft survival. Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed to identify patients who underwent split thickness skin graft and negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) or conventional treatment between January 2007 and April 2015. Overall, 25 consecutive patients were included in the NPWT group and 49 were included in the conventional dressing group to compare the outcome of the procedure. The data were obtained from medical records, including age, sex, cause of the skin defect, size of graft, time for healing, wound preparation time, and complications. Results: Of the NPWT group, the average wound size was $147.04{\pm}146.74cm^2$ (range, $9{\sim}900cm^2$). With the exception of one patient, all wounds healed without the need for further procedure. The average duration of time required for the NPWT group, which was defined as removal of stitches (or staples) and no need for additional active dressing, was $6.4{\pm}1.97days$ (range, 5~15 days). The average time for the conventional dressing group was $10.78{\pm}2.38days$ (range, 5~15 days). Conclusion: NPWT can be used to cover regions in which wound healing does not occur fully or when neither tie-over nor compressive dressings are applicable. This treatment also reduced wound healing time and allowed earlier patient mobilization and hospital discharge.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.303-309
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• 2014

Objectives: Hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) surface treatment of fiber posts has been reported to increase bond strength of fiber posts to resin cements. However, residual oxygen radicals might jeopardize the bonding procedure. This study examined the effect of three antioxidant agents on the bond strength of fiber posts to conventional and self-adhesive resin cements. Materials and Methods: Post spaces were prepared in forty human maxillary second premolars. Posts were divided into five groups of 8 each: G1 (control), no pre-treatment; G2, 10% $H_2O_2$ pre-treatment; G3, G4 and G5. After $H_2O_2$ application, Hesperidin (HES), Sodium Ascorbate (SA) or Rosmarinic acid (RA) was applied on each group respectively. In each group four posts were cemented with Duo-Link conventional resin cement and the others with self-adhesive BisCem cement. Push-out test was performed and data were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA and tukey's post-hoc test (${\alpha}=0.05$). Results: There was a statistically significant interaction between the cement type and post surface treatment on push-out bond strength of fiber posts (p < 0.001, F = 16). Also it was shown that different posts' surface treatments significantly affect the push-out bond strength of fiber posts (p = 0.001). $H_2O_2$ treated posts (G2) and control posts (G1) cemented with Duo-link showed the highest ($15.96{\pm}5.07MPa$) and lowest bond strengths ($6.79{\pm}3.94$) respectively. Conclusions: It was concluded that $H_2O_2$ surface treatment might enhance the bond strength of fiber posts cemented with conventional resin cements. The effect of antioxidants as post's surface treatment agents depends on the characteristics of resin cements used for bonding procedure.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.367-373
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• 2018

Background: Fear of local anesthesia (LA) is a significant impediment to dental care as many patients delay or avoid treatment to avert pain. Computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system (CCLAD), with constant and controlled rate of flow, present a painless alternative. The present study aimed to compare anxiety and pain perceived with conventional and computerized systems, for different stages of anesthesia delivery when administering various nerve blocks. Methods: One hundred patients requiring bilateral LA participated in the study. One side was anesthetized using one system and the contralateral side was anesthetized using the other, in two separate appointments. Patients assigned anxiety scores on a 5-point scale and used the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain determination at needle insertion, during delivery of anesthetic solution, immediately after injection, and at the end of the periodontal procedure. Each patient's preference for the delivery system of future injections was also recorded. Results: Patients reported significantly lower anxiety levels with CCLAD compared to the syringe. Significantly lower mean VAS scores for anesthesia deposition, pain immediately after, and at the end of the periodontal procedure were also noted. However, pain at needle insertion was comparable between the two systems, with no statistical significance. Overall, 64.4% patients preferred CCLAD for future anesthesia. Conclusion: Lower pain perceived with CCLAD and higher preference for the system suggest that CCLAD should replace conventional syringes to allow pain-free dental treatment.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.649-656
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• 2006

The proposed head-space supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) methodology as an alternative to an existing conventional procedure was explored for the determination of organochlorine compounds in aqueous matrix. In this study, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were utilized as target analytes. To enhance the recovery efficiency, the factors such as the $CO _2$ density, the extraction time, and the extraction mode were investigated. Furthermore, the analytical procedures and the results obtained were compared with those provided by the conventional method (the U.S. EPA method 8080). Under the optimized conditions, i.e., a combination of static with dynamic SFE mode at 2,000 psi and 40 ${^{\circ}C}$, the head-space SFE methodology gave equivalent or better to the conventional method in recovery efficiencies with clear advantages such as simple sample treatment and fast analysis time as well as reduced solvent and reagent consumption.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.237-254
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• 2017

Estimation of slope stability is a very important task in geotechnical engineering. However, its estimation using conventional and soft computing methods has several drawbacks. Use of conventional limit equilibrium methods for the evaluation of slope stability is very tedious and time consuming, while the use of soft computing approaches like Artificial Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic are black box approaches. Multiple Regression (MR) analysis provides an alternative to conventional and soft computing methods, for the evaluation of slope stability. MR models provide a simplified equation, which can be used to calculate critical factor of safety of slopes without adopting any iterative procedure, thereby reducing the time and complexity involved in the evaluation of slope stability. In the present study, a multiple regression model has been developed and tested its accuracy in the estimation of slope stability using real field data. Here, two separate multiple regression models have been developed for dry and wet slopes. Further, the accuracy of these developed models have been compared and validated with respect to conventional limit equilibrium methods in terms of Mean Square Error (MSE) & Coefficient of determination ($R^2$). As the developed MR models here are not based on any region specific data and covers wide range of parametric variations, they can be directly applied to any real slopes.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.49 no.11
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• pp.670-678
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• 2011

Various sorts of dental devices for the dental treatment have been introduced and adopted during past several years. Dental Laser, among all devices, seems to be possible for applying to over the whole treatments and widely employed. Furthermore, this article is to introduce that Dental Laser is intended to care patients secured with the effectual treatment against Conventional procedures based upon its studies. The advantages of Dental Laser treatment-along with LLLT (Low Level Laser Therapy) effect, biostimulation effect, and minimal invasive technique - make the patients reduce their fear of the operation, lighten the inconvenience of post operation, and shorten the treatment period. In particular, it is worth considering that the use of laser-assisted therapies is associated with a marked reduction in the use of analgesics and anti-inflammatory medications compared with conventional procedures. This article is to state advantages and differences of Dental Laser treatment compared with Conventional procedures, and to emphasize to become well-acquainted with the precautions for safety and effective Dental Laser treatment. In case of operating Dental Laser with lack of the instructions, it will cause the unpredicted fatal results; therefore this treatment requires special care in its operation. Henceforward, it is anticipated that infinite treatment protocols will be introduced by applying Dental Laser, and this is to address the utilization of Dental Laser.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.247-252
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• 2021

Embryo transfer (ET) in the animal is an important procedure to generate genetically engineered animals and conserve genetic resources. For ET experiments in mice, pseudopregnant recipients are usually prepared with proestrus stage of females and vasectomized males. However, this conventional method is inefficient because the size of female colonies should be large to select only the proestrus stage in the estrous cycle and the surgical procedures are required to generate vasectomized males. In this study, we established a simple and efficient protocol to prepare ET recipients using the estrous synchronization with hormone injection and the mating with wild male mice. The delivery rate of ET recipients tended to be increased with estrous synchronization using hormone injection (100%) compared to the conventional method (71%). Further, natural pregnancy of the recipients, induced by mating with a wild male, significantly enhanced the birth rate of ET offspring than the conventional method (33% vs. 13%). Based on the results, we concluded that our new protocol using hormone injection to ET recipients and mating with wild males could be more efficient and simpler compared to the conventional method.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.2356-2361
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• 2003

Proteome research in the medical field is expected to accelerate the understanding of disease mechanism, and to create new diagnostic concept. For protein profiling, this paper proposes a new methodology named CPDIB (Crude Protein Direct Blotting). In the CPDIB procedure, crude protein sample is directly immobilized on a membrane and the expression of protein molecules in the sample are analyzed quantitatively by using a special device called ImmobiChip, where the membrane is used as a field of the immune reaction. The over-all structure of the ImmobiChip is based on the conventional Slot blot device. Mechanical improvement in the air-tightness of the case holding the membrane realizes the direct blotting and results in high performance of stability in the immune reaction. In the measurement of multiple proteins, a dispensing robot is used for increasing the efficiency of handling of liquid. Cooperation of the dispensing robot with the ImmobiChip for immobilizing proteins realizes automated and stable performance of the CPDIB procedure. This paper shows the evaluation of the air-tightness of the ImmobiChip, the ability of analyzing proteins using the CPDIB procedure and the performance of the automated equipment.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.13-23
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• 2007

This paper focuses on providing a practical approach for decision making in Performance-Based Design (PBD). Satisfactory performance is defined by several performance objectives that place limits on direct (monetary) loss and on a tolerable probability of collapse. No specific limits are placed on conventional engineering parameters such as forces or deformations, although it is assumed that sound capacity design principles are followed in the design process. The proposed design procedure incorporates different performance objectives up front, before the structural system is created, and assists engineers in making informed decisions on the choice of an effective structural system and its stiffness (period), base shear strength, and other important global structural parameters. The tools needed to implement this design process are (1) hazard curves for a specific ground motion intensity measure, (2) mean loss curves for structural and nonstructural subsystems, (3) structural response curves that relate, for different structural systems, a ground motion intensity measure to the engineering demand parameter (e.g., interstory drift or floor acceleration) on which the subsystem loss depends, and (4) collapse fragility curves. Since the proposed procedure facilitates decision making in the conceptual design process, it is referred to as a Design Decision Support System, DDSS. Implementation of the DDSS is illustrated in an example to demonstrate its practicality.