• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.179-185
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• 1999

The study which was conducted to determine the effects of the polyethylene film on the culture of Pleurotus ostreatus is summarized in the following: 1) The fresh weight of Pleurotus ostreatus cultured by the box culture method mulching with black polyethylene film was 2,237g/box and, 2,028g/box by white polyethylene film mulching, and 1,695g/box at the conventional culture which was by 24.2% and 16.4% higher than that of the conventional culture.2) The fresh weight of P. ostreatus cultured by the shelf culture method mulching with the black polyethylene film was 17.4kg/m$^2$ at the white polyethylene film culture, 14.6kg/m$^2$ at the conventional culture which was by 16.2%, 7.5% higher than that of the conventional culture. 3) The best shape appearance in terms of the diameter in P. ostreatus was 5~30mm and the intervals were 10cm respectively. 4) The black polyethylene film mulching in P. ostreatus observed in good protection against Pseudomonas spp., Trichoderma, or mushroom flies. 5) The black polyethylene film mulching method for the culture of P. ostreatus was much better than that of the shelf-culture, box-culture or the sack culture in terms of total yield and quality. 6) The length of harvesting implement of P. ostreatus was suitable for 45~120cm in order to use on the harvest of the mulching.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.44-46
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• 2001

Rice hull was used as a additive in order to find the effect for incresing of mushroom growth and yield in Chungnam Provincial techinical institution. 1 Treatment of 80% rice hull in small Neutaribeosut mycelial grow duration is shorter about 11 days and yield increased about 7% than conventional culture. 2. In case of Chongpung Neutaribeosut bottle culture, mycelial growth duration is shorter about two to three days in additive of 30 to 80% rice hull compared to conventional but yield similar to conventional. 3. Treatment of 30% rice hull in Agrocybe aegerita bottle culture, mycelial growth and yield increased 6days and 6% than convrntional, respectively 4 Treatment additived of 30% to 40% rice hull in Ganoderma lucidum bottle culture, similar to 454ays demand in mycelial grow duration and 38g yield/bottle in conventioal culture methods.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.55 no.11
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• pp.424-429
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• 2012

Purpose: Methods for quick and reliable detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae are needed for the diagnosis of pneumococcal disease and vaccine studies. This study aimed to show that sequential multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is more efficient than conventional culture in achieving S. pneumoniae -positive results. Methods: Nasopharyngeal (NP) secretions were obtained from 842 pediatric patients admitted with lower respiratory infections at Severance Children's Hospital in Korea between March 2009 and June 2010. For identification and serotype determination of pneumococci from the NP secretions, the secretions were evaluated via multiplex PCR technique with 35 serotype-specific primers arranged in 8 multiplex PCR sets and conventional bacteriological culture technique. Results: Among the results for 793 samples that underwent both bacterial culture and PCR analysis for pneumococcal detection, 153 (19.3%) results obtained by PCR and 81 (10.2%) results obtained by conventional culture technique were positive for S. pneumoniae. The predominant serotypes observed, in order of decreasing frequency, were 19A (23%), 6A/B (16%), 19F (11%), 15B/C (5%), 15A (5%), and 11A (4%); further, 26% of the isolates were non-typeable. Conclusion: As opposed to conventional bacteriological tests, PCR analysis can accurately and rapidly identify pneumococcal serotypes.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.613-618
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• 2011

To develop clubroot resistant Chinese cabbage inbreds, IT 033820, a clubroot resistant turnip, was cross pollinated with a Chinese cabbage inbred of BP 079. From 2005, conventional breeding and microspore culture method performed using these F1 plants as parental materials. In 2007, conventional breeding method resulted in 21 F3 inbreds. After inoculation of clubroot race 4, one inbred showing 83% resistant was selected and registered as 'onkyo 20036ho' in 2008. From 2005, we scanned hybrid cultivars using micro spore culture and developed many doubled haploid (DH) lines in Chinese cabbage. Using Chinese cultivar of 'oong-baek 2ho' we developed 26 DH inbreds in 2007. After inoculation of clubroot race 4, one DH inbred showing 77% resistant and yellow inner leaf color was selected and registered as 'onkyo 20034'in 2008. We found conventional breeding method was effective using introduced germplasm showing low germination. However, when using hybrid cultivar as starting material, microspore culture method was powerful for developing various inbred in short time.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.305-311
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• 2015

In this research, we surveyed the yield change of garlic cultivation with seed bulbs according to annual field culture after induced meristem culture. From 2007 to 2013, yearly produced seed bulbs from $2^{nd}$ to $8^{th}$ generation were cultivated in the Muan field. Over the generations, the general growth characteristics such as the plant height, leaf number, leaf length and stem diameter were all decreased. When we compared the conventional seed bulbs and TCR ones, the plant height and stem diameter showed bigger difference. And the TCR seed bulbs showed a week late harvest time against the conventional ones. The yield of $2^{nd}$ generation was 72.3 g and 57.1 g for the $8^{th}$ generation. However every generation showed higher yield than conventional seed garlic's ones as 43.9 g. The yield index showed the same trend as $2^{nd}-8^{th}$ to 63% to 21%. After the tissue culture of garlics, the viral infections (OYDV and GSV) of TCR was far less than that of conventional ones. In case of LYSV, the infection ratio was 6.7% at $2^{nd}$ generation and 26% at $8^{th}$. However, the ratio was far less than that (80%) of the conventional ones.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.665-673
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• 2014

We compared standard culture methods as well as conventional PCR and real-time PCR for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) in milk, cheese, fresh-cut vegetables, and raw beef that have different levels of background microflora. No statistical differences were observed in sensitivity between the two selective media in all foods. In total, real-time PCR assay exhibited statistically excellent detection sensitivity (p<0.05) and was less time consuming and laborious as compared with standard culture methods. Conventional culture methods showed poor performance in detecting L. monocytogenes in food with high levels of background microflora, generating numerous false negative results. While the detection of L. monocytogenes in fresh cut vegetable by culture methods was hindered only by L. innocua, various background microflora, such as L. innocua, L. welshimeri, L. grayi, and Enterococcus faecalis appeared on the two selective media as presumptive positive colonies in raw beef indicating the necessity of improvement of current selective media. It appears that real-time PCR is an effective and sensitive presumptive screening tool for L. monocytogenes in various types of foods, especially foods samples with high levels of background microflora, thus complementing standard culture methodologies.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 2000

This experiments was carried out to find the effect of different organic farming types, the Duck-pasture plot, the Pond-snail pasture plot andd control of the conventionalculture plot farming on the yield and its components of paddy rice. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Plant height an Tillering were significantly increase in the Duck-pasture plot. Panicle number pr hill, NO. of grain per spike and 1,000grain weight were significantly increase in the conventional culture plot. Yield pre 10a were 574.13kg at pond-snail pasture plot, 576.81kg at Duck-pasture plot and 579.04kg at conventional culture plot. From these results, it seems that the organic farming are useful and pasture of the Duck, Pond-snail for depression of the weed occurrence or increase of yield per 10a is effective as the environmental perservation farming.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.66-75
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• 2000

Effect of reclaimed sewage on the paddy rice culture was examined by field experiment for two consecutive years. The domestic sewage was treated by the constructed wetland and the effluent of the treatment wetland was used for irrigation water. The reclaimed sewage was diluted before irrigation in the first year and it was used without dilution in the second year experiment. Growth components and yields were compared against the control plot where conventional method was applied. And also soil characteristics of the plots before and after reclaimed sewage irrigation were analyzed Generally addition of the reclaimed sewage irrigation didn't affect paddy rice culture adversely and even enhancement was observed. Fertilization was thought to be important factor for rice culture rather than irrigation water quality. Conventional fertilization and reclaimed sewage irrigation which contained high nutrient concentration resulted in better growth and more yield. Unlike widespread concern lodging did not happen even in the case of irrigation with average 90mg/L of T-N and conventional fertilization. Soil characteristics changed after irrigation and significant EC increasing was observed for the reclaimed sewage irrigation plots. From soil analyses salt accumulation could be a more potential problem than nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus in the use of reclaimed sewage irrigation. Overall reclaimed sewage irrigation was thought to be one of practical alternatives for the ultimate disposal of sewage in rural area.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.333-337
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• 2015

This experiment was carried out to figure out the growth and yield of waxy corn after cultivating the hairy vetch which was mostly used as a green manure crop. The waxy corn showed the growth and yield efficiency relative to conventional culture after the hairy vetch was returned to as the green manure and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer increased, and the LAI was similar to the conventional culture when less than 18 kg. Length of ear slightly decreased compared to 188 mm of conventional culture when the hairy vetch was used as the green manure and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer was less than 9 kg, but the length of ear increased relative to the conventional culture when the amount of applied nitrogen fertilizer was more than 18 kg. The highest 100-kernel weight was 35.4 g with the hairy vetch and 27 kg of nitrogen fertilizer treatment. The lowest 100-kernel weight was 27.4 g with the hairy vetch and 0 kg of nitrogen fertilizer treatment. Quantity with the hairy vetch and 9 kg of the nitrogen fertilizer treatment was similar the conventional culture. Suger content with the hairy vetch and more than 18 kg of the nitrogen fertilizer treatment was higher than the conventional culture. Thickness of pericarp showed no difference among treatments.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.11-16
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• 2021

Recently, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems, which are superior to conventional two-dimensional (2D) vascular systems that mimic the in vivo environment, are being actively studied to reproduce drug responses and cell differentiation in organisms. Conventional two-dimensional cell culture methods (scaffold-based and non-scaffold-based) have a limited cell growth rate because the culture cannot supply the culture medium as consistently as microvessels. To solve this problem, we would like to propose a 3D culture system with an environment similar to living cells by continuously supplying the culture medium to the bottom of the 3D cell support. The 3D culture system is a structure in which microvascular structures are combined under a scaffold (agar, collagen, etc.) where cells can settle and grow. First, we have manufactured molds for the formation of four types of microvessel-mimicking chips: width / height ①100 ㎛ / 100 ㎛, ②100 ㎛ / 50 ㎛, ③ 150 ㎛ / 100 ㎛, and ④ 200 ㎛ / 100 ㎛. By injection molding, four types of microfluidic chips were made with GPPS (general purpose polystyrene), and a 100㎛-thick PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) film was attached to the top of each microfluidic chip. As a result of observing the flow of the culture medium in the microchannel, it was confirmed that when the aspect ratio (height/width) of the microchannel is 1.5 or more, the fluid flows from the inlet to the outlet without a backflow phenomenon. In addition, the culture efficiency experiments of colorectal cancer cells (SW490) were performed in a 3D culture system in which PDMS films with different pore diameters (1/25/45 ㎛) were combined on a microfluidic chip. As a result, it was found that the cell growth rate increased up to 1.3 times and the cell death rate decreased by 71% as a result of the 3D culture system having a hole membrane with a diameter of 10 ㎛ or more compared to the conventional commercial. Based on the results of this study, it is possible to expand and build various 3D cell culture systems that can maximize cell culture efficiency by cell type by adjusting the shape of the microchannel, the size of the film hole, and the flow rate of the inlet.