• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.98-106
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• 2011

In order to investigate water quality factors controlling chlorophyll-$a$ concentrations, the by-daily monitoring was conducted from February to November 2010 in 4 stations of Masan Bay. Seasonal variability in physico-chemical factors was mainly controlled by freshwater loading as a result of precipitation: chemical oxygen demand, suspended solids and nutrient concentrations rapidly increase during the heavy rainy season, whereas they decrease in the dry season. From late winter to mid spring, phosphorus and silica sources relative to Redfield ratio were probably functioned as limiting factor for phytoplankton flourishing in surface waters, but nitrogen concentration during mid-spring to autumn might be responsible for the increase of phytoplankton biomass. The multiple regression analysis revealed that variations in chlorophyll-$a$ concentration may be strongly correlated with changes of water temperature, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved inorganic phosphorus in spring, and salinity, chemical oxygen demand and precipitation in summer. Consequently, in the Masan Bay, a heavy rainfall event is an important factor to determine changes of biotic and abiotic factors, and in addition the dynamics of chlorophyll-$a$ concentration are strongly affected by changes of hydrological factors, especially water temperature, precipitation and nutrients.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.137-153
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to research the influence of experienced school violence as a victim on the coping behavior of adolescents and to investigate moderating effects of self regulatory ability which are the desirable coping behaviors as protection factor for adolescents who experienced as victim by school violence. The subjects of this study were 319 students from year 1 to year 3 of total 6 middle schools who experienced school violence as a victim in Daegu and the research tool is questionnaires which are consist of general characteristics of the subjects, experience of school violence scale, self regulatory ability scale, family healthy scale and coping behavior scale. In order to analyze the data of the study, factor analysis, relational regression, linear regression analysis and moderated multiple regressions were used. The main results of this study were as following. First, there was significant correlation between the adolescents who experienced school violence, self regulatory ability and the coping behaviors. Second, adolescents who experienced school violence as victim act more aggressive coping behavior than other coping behavior. Third, while experience of school violence as victim influence adolescents' coping behaviors, it was found that self regulatory ability affect role in the regulation. cognitive self regulatory ability are in charge of controlling the aggressive coping behaviors.

• BMB Reports
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.538-545
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• 2004

A new CRT binding factor (CBF) gene designated Cbcbf25 was cloned from Capsella bursa-pastoris, a wild grass, by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length cDNA of Cbcbf25 was 898 bp with a 669 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative DRE/CRT (LTRE)-binding protein of 223 amino acids. The predicted CbCBF25 protein contained a potential nuclear localization signal (NLS) in its N-terminal region followed by an AP2 DNA-binding motif and a possible acidic activation domain in the C-terminal region. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that Cbcbf25 has a high level of similarity with other CBF genes like cbf1, cbf2, and cbf3 from Arabidopsis thaliana, and Bncbf5, Bncbf7, Bncbf16, and Bncbf17 from Brassica napus. A cold acclimation assay showed that Cbcbf25 was expressed immediately after cold triggering, but this expression was transient, suggesting that it concerns cold acclimation. Our study implies that Cbcbf25 is an analogue of other CBF genes and may participate in cold-response, by for example, controlling the expression of cold-regulated genes or increasing the freezing tolerance of plants.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3545-3549
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• 2016

Background: The incidence of bladder cancer is lower in Asian than in Western countries. However, the crude incidence and mortality of bladder cancer have recently increased in Japan because of the increased number of senior citizens. We have already reported risk factors for urothelial cancer in a large population-based cohort study in Japan (JACC study). However, we did not evaluate the cancer risk in the upper and lower urinary tract separately in our previous study. Materials and Methods: Here we evaluated the risk of cancer death in the upper and lower urinary tracts, separately, using the database of the JACC study. The analytic cohort included 46,395 males and 64,190 females aged 40 to 79 years old. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. Results: Current smoking increased the risk of both upper and lower urinary tract cancer deaths. A history of kidney disease was associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer death, even after controlling for age, sex and smoking status. Conclusions: The present study confirmed that current smoking increases the risk of both upper and lower urinary tract cancer deaths and indicated the possibility that a history of kidney disease may be a risk factor for bladder cancer death in the Japanese population.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 1988

The purpose of this presentation is to review the situation of the Cheju broiler industry peculiarized with the integrated production and marketing system to some degree, which is not prevailed in the whole broiler industry in Korea, so as to study the case of the Cheju industry from the viewpoint of an economic integration. The economic integration in the broiler industry is grouped into three patterns： non-integration, quasi-integration and complete integration, which generally exist under the different type of market competition. The quasi-integration tends to be formed at all phases where the complete integration is not fully implemented, but the non-integration has begun to change its nature into partially integrated structure. The Cheju broiler industry is characterized by the geographical location of isolated market so that factor supplies and broiler products are marketed in the different conditions from those of mainland Korea, somewhat in an oligopolistic pattern. It was since early 1980's that the industry successfully had three dressing plants merged into one by virtue of entire growers ownership, which opened an era of an integrated industry centered on the function of dressing birds. The case of Cheju broiler industry today is to be referred to as a typical quasi-integration which is coordinated the function between growing and dressing birds directly and extended the functional cooperation to distribution of products indirectly, while factor supplies are traded independently. As a result of a quasi-integration, the growers are able to receive a fixed price set by the dressing plant of growers that has the power to adjust the supply of and demand for broilers produced and consumed in the Island. There are some problems, however, in the integration of the Cheju broiler industry, stemming mainly from the process of the structure change, ： 1) the difficulty of controlling the production of broilers, 2) continuing pressure on the integration by non-integrated sectors, 3) the challenge on the stabilized broiler market from the mainland, 4) limited effectiveness of consumer education activities, and 5) lack of leadership for the industry development through integration. It is projected that the partially integrated Cheju broiler industry will be continually developed toward the direction of a complete integration in due course, as the currently independent supply sectors are to be backward integrated. The case of the Cheju broiler integration, therefore, could be used as a reference for making the whole broiler industry in Korea develop toward the integrated structure in the future.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.189-193
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• 1981

An apparatus for continuous measurements of sorption isotherm of dried food was manufactured to shorten the time required for equilibration. The apparatus was so designed that the temperature, air velocity and relative humidity in the experimental chamber could be controlled. The use of dynamic stream of conditioned air with a velocity of 0.2m/sec, instead of static atmosphere, allowed a faster equilibration of dried filefish muscle at $25^{\circ}C$. The mean time necessary for the equilibration of dried filefish muscle at the water activity of a given state to a higher water activity was about 45 hours. The monolayer moisture content of dried filefish muscle calculated from BET-equation was 0.092 kg water /kg dry matter at $25^{\circ}C$.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.2A
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• pp.121-127
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a computationally efficient scheduling algorithm that can arbitrarily control the throughput-fairness tradeoff in a multiuser wireless communication environment. As a new scheduling criterion, we combine linearly two well-known scheduling criteria such as one of achieving the maximum sum throughput and the other of achieving the maximum fairness, so as to control the relative proportion of the throughput and the fairness according to a control factor. For linear combining two different criteria, their optimization directivenesses and the units should be unified first. To meet these requirements, we choose an instantaneous channel capacity as a scheduling criterion for maximizing the sum throughput and the average serving throughput for maximizing the fairness. Through a unified linear combining of two optimization objectives with the control factor, it can provide various throughput-fairness tradeoffs according to the control factors. For further simplification, we exploit a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) approximation of the instantaneous channel capacity. Through computer simulations, we evaluate the throughput and fairness performances of the proposed algorithm according to the control factors, assuming an independent Rayleigh fading multiuser channel. We also evaluate the proposed algorithm employing the high SNR approximation. From simulation results, we could see that the proposed algorithm can control arbitrarily the throughput-fairness performance between the performance of the scheduler aiming to the maximum sum throughput and that of the scheduler aiming to the maximum fairness, finally, we see that the high SNR approximation can give a satisfactory performance in this situation.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.140-146
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• 2018

Wild boars have expanded their habitats in Korea in recent years and caused serious social problems such as crop damage and appearance in urban areas. This study was carried out from May to October 2012 to investigate the environmental factors that affect crop damage based on actual cases reported in Geochang County of Gyeongnam Province, Korea. The analysis showed that the damages by wild boars occurred mainly between August and September, and rice was damaged most often while sweet potatoes were damaged most intensely. The results indicated that the damages were related to the wild boars' preference of crop and the seasonal availability of crops. Other factors that affected the crop damage included the slope, the topographic relief, and the distances from forest, stream, road, and residential area. There was no significant difference of environmental factor according to damage intensity, suggesting that the wild boars tended to attack the same cropland repeatedly and thus accumulating the damage. Our study suggests that reducing crop damages by wild boars will require cultivating crops less preferred by wild boars, installing electric fences, and controlling wild boar population with hunting and trapping.

• Clean Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.122-130
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• 2020

The isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic parameters of reactive blue 4 adsorbed by activated carbon were investigated for activated carbon dose, pH, initial concentration, contact time, and temperature data. The adsorption of the RB 4 dye by activated carbon showed a concave shape in which the percentage of adsorption increased in both directions starting from pH 7. The isothermal adsorption data were applied to Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms. Both Freundlich and Langmuir isothermal adsorption models fit well. From determined Freundlich separation factor (1/n = 0.125 ~ 0.232) and Langmuir separation factor (R_L = 1.53 ~ 1.59), adsorption of RB 4 by activated carbon could be employed as an effective treatment method. The constant related to the adsorption heat (B_T = 2.147 ~ 2.562 J mol^-1) of Temkin showed that this process was physical adsorption. From kinetic experiments, the adsorption process followed the pseudo second order model with good agreement. The results of the intraparticle diffusion model showed that the inclination of the first straight line representing the surface diffusion was smaller than that of the second straight line representing the intraparticle pore diffusion. Therefore, it was confirmed that intraparticle pore diffusion is the rate-controlling step. The negative Gibbs free energy change (ΔG = -3.262 ~ -7.581 kJ mol^-1) and the positive enthalpy change (ΔH = 61.08 kJ mol^-1) indicated the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption process, proving this process to be spontaneous and endothermic.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.32-44
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• 2002

The role of radiology department has been greatly increased in the past few years as the technology in the medical imaging devices improved and the introduction of PACS (Picture Archiving and Communications System) to the conventional film-based diagnostic structure is a truly remarkable factor to the medical history. In addition, the value of using digital information in medical imaging is highly expected to grow as the technology over the computer and the network improves. However, the current medical practice, using PACS is somewhat limited compared to the film-based conventional one due to a poor image quality. The image quality is the most important and inevitable factor in the PACS environment and it is one of the most necessary steps to more wide practice of digital imaging. The existing image quality control tools are limited in controlling images produced from the medical modalities, because they cannot display the real image changing status. Thus, the image quality is distorted and the ability to diagnosis becomes hindered compared to the one of the film-based practice. In addition, the workflow of the radiologist greatly increases; as every doctor has to perform his or her own image quality control every time they view images produced from the medical modalities. To resolve these kinds of problems and enhance current medical practice under the PACS environment, we have developed a program to display a better image quality by using the ROI optical density of the existing gray level values. When the LUT is used properly, small detailed regions, which cannot be seen by using the existing image quality controls are easily displayed and thus, greatly improves digital medical practice. The purpose of this study is to provide an easier medical practice to physicians, by applying the technology of converting the H-D curves of the analog film screen to the digital imaging technology and to preset image quality control values to each exposed body part, modality and group of physicians for a better and easier medical practice. We have asked to 5 well known professional physicians to compare image quality of the same set of exam by using the two different methods: existing image quality control and the LUT technology. As the result, the LUT technology was enormously favored over the existing image quality control method. All the physicians have pointed out the far more superiority of the LUT over the existing image quality control method and highly praised its ability to display small detailed regions, which cannot be displayed by existing image quality control tools. Two physicians expressed the necessity of presetting the LUT values for each exposed body part. Overall, the LUT technology yielded a great interest among the physicians and highly praised for its ability to overcome currently embedded problems of PACS. We strongly believe that the LUT technology can enhance the current medical practice and open a new beginning in the future medical imaging.