• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.330-339
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• 2011

This study was to investigate effects of instruction using the history of science on elementary school students' science learning motivation. Subjects were 48 students of two groups in the 5th Grade in Bucheon City. A Experimental group of 24 was instructed 20 lessons in Unit 1~7 using the history of science for a 11-week period. In this study, the instructional contents were selected by stories about scientists, discoveries or anecdotes about natural phenomena and related learning topics in national science curriculum. And they are presented by writings with pictures, cartoons, PPT materials and a script. Students play various learning activities such as exchanging opinions after reading instructional content, making a book or a newspaper, playing in a drama and representing by picture. A control group of 24 was instructed by traditional teaching methods in same period. To compare difference of instruction effects of the two groups, the score of pre-test and post-test were both estimated by t-test. The results of the study were as follows. Students of experimental group showed statistically a more significant increase in the science learning motivation than control group students (p<.05). Each of attention (A), relevance (R), satisfaction (S) sub-elements of learning motivation were higher in the experimental group and it was showed the instruction using the history of science was effective in improving of science learning motivation.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.87-92
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• 1986

In Order to study antioxidative action of water soluble fractions which had been steamed according to time as 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes, they were compared through the inhibitory effect of lipoperoxide formation by TBA, peroxide value and induction time for the first period of lipoperoxide formation. Results are obtained as follows: 1. In vivo experiment with TBA value, water soluble fractions showed aninhibitory effect of lipoperoxide formation. 2. Comparing with the inhibitory effect of lipoperoxide formation with TBA value in vivo, water soluble fractions which had been steamed for 30 and 60 minutes and those from fresh garlic proved effective in the blood by intraperitoneal administration. But in the liver all of water soluble fractions showed distinctive effect as in the case of fresh garlic. 3. Effect of water soluble fractions which had been steamed for 15, 30 and 60 minutes showed a distinctive effect, water soluble fraction which had been steamed for 120 minutes and that from fresh garlic also showed effective in the blood as compared with control. 4. In oral administration, water soluble fraction of fresh garlic was the most effective in the liver. 5. In vitro experiment with peroxide value, water soluble fractions which had been steamed for 60 and 120 minutes were effective, all of water soluble fractions from steamed garlic were more effective than fresh garlic. 6. In Examining the induction time for the first period of lipoperoxide formation in vitro, water soluble fractions steamed for 30, 60 and 120 minutes were effective. Other fractions were also more effective than control.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.113-122
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• 2018

In level 3 automated vehicles, drivers are expected to encounter transition of control when the system reaches its limit. Drivers need to refocus their attention on the road ahead and gain situational awareness. Appropriate information should be conveyed during this period in order to prevent human errors. In this paper, we defined the takeover process as 'in-the-middle-of-the-loop' and conducted Task Analysis and Work Domain Analysis to find out information requirements. As a result, we specified required information types and interface considerations. Moreover, we conducted an experimental study to find how the information types affect drivers on situation awareness, cognitive load and reaction time. Consequently, we found different information on system transparency should be conveyed depending on the urgency of takeover situation and driver guidance could help drivers with better situation awareness after the takeover.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.229-237
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• 2020

This study assessed the effects of a dietary non-genetically modified organism (non-GMO) source on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of grower-finisher pigs. The dietary treatments were 1) rice-soybean meal-based control diet and 2) rice and non-GMO soybean meal-based diet. In the experiment 1, 60 growing pigs (initial body weight [BW] = 23.76 ± 3.42 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments with 6 pigs·pen^-1 (5 replications) for 6 weeks. In experiment 2, 48 finishing pigs (initial BW = 64.31 ± 6.17 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups with 4 pigs·pen^-1 (6 replications) for 6 weeks. Measurements were the average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), gain-to-feed ratio (G : F), and nutrient digestibility. The growth performance was measured at the beginning and end of each period. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) was determined by chromium oxide as an indigestible marker during the last 7 days of each experiment. During the grower period, pigs fed the diet containing the non-GMO soybean meal had a higher (p < 0.05) ADFI than those fed the control diet; however, there were no differences between the dietary treatments in the ADG, G : F, and ATTD. Moreover, the dietary treatments did not affect the ATTD and growth performance of the finishing pigs. In conclusion, the inclusion of non-GMO soybean meal in the diet had no negative effects on the growth rate and nutrient digestibility, indicating that non-GMO soybean meal can be used in diet formulations with other feed ingredients and be a substitute for conventional soybean meal.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.270-277
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• 2014

This study investigated the antioxidant effect of Taraxacumofficinale on the qualitycharacteristics of Yugwa during storage. Total polyphenol content was higher than total flavonoid content. DPPH radical scavenging activity and antioxidative index of Taraxacum officinale ethanol extracts were significantly (p<0.05) lower compared with those of Vit.C, whereas they were similar with those of BHA. The L, a, and b levels of Yugwa significantly (p<0.05) decreased with increasing amount of Taraxacum officinale powder; 6% Taraxacum officinale powder showed the lowest L and b levels. Hardness was unaffected by Taraxacum officinale content during the storage period. Brittleness of Yugwa was significantly (p<0.05) lower in control, 1.5%, and 6% Taraxacum officinale powder, whereas 3% Taraxacum officinale powder showed no significant differences during storage. Peroxide value significantly decreased in 3% and 6% Taraxacum officinale powders compared to those of control and 1.5% Taraxacum officinale powder after 4 weeks of storage. Taste, flavor, and crispness showed significant (p<0.05) differences according to Taraxacum officinale concentration. In conclusion, addition of 3~6% Taraxacum officinale powder provides beneficial effects in terms of storage life of Yugwa without any detrimental effects on quality characteristics.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 1976

The organized community is the one of the best system for the effective public health administration, and a model area was selected for the study to see what would be achieved when a certain small community is placed under the special public health control based on the family unit. The 178 families involved total of 875 populations. The rate of vaccination with B.C.G. among 191 infants and children could be increased upto 100.0% from 72.5% of the time when the basic study was performed after 8 months period of this study; 99.0% from 47.1% with D.P.T.; 96,9% from 71.7% against smallpox; 83.2% from 69.1% against poliomyelitis; but only 25,7% from 21.5% against measles. The status of family planing was 36.8% among 155 women of possible conception at the time of the basic research. And, at the end of this study, the number of women utilizing one of the methods of contraception for family planning were increased upto 52.9% among the same number. The most frequently utilized method was 34.1% of oral pills followed by 30.5% of intrauterine device; but both of which had higher rate of interruption of use because of the complications, 14.3% and 16.0% respectively. The 10 pregnant women at the time of basic research experienced normal deliveries during the period of study and they had received pre and postnatal health care through this health center. The status of oral hygiene, pulmonary tuberculosis control, and parasitological examination were also reported as well as the cases with diseases seen among the population and vaccinations performed against other infectious diseases. The stress on discussion was placed upon the effectiveness of public health administration when it is undergone on the individual family unit to achieve the best results. However, the shortness of both personnel and material resources were considered to be the one of the major difficulties retarding the generalization of the idea obtained through this study based on family unit public health administration.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 1980

In order to investigate the effect of cholinergic substance on the electrical and the mechanical activities of the stomach muscle, 10 isolated cat stomachs were studied. At various sites of a stomach muscle preparation, the electrical activity was monopolarly recorded by using capillary electrodes containing chlorided silver wires, and the isometric contractile activity was recorded simultaneously at the terminal portion of the antrum in Krebs solution$(36^{\circ}C)$ which was aerated with a gas mixture consisting of 95% $O_2$ and 5% $CO_2$. The recording of these activities were performed before (control period) and after acetylcholine$(10^{-5}M)$ and atropine $(10^{-6}M)$ administrations serially. Following results were obtained: 1) The mean frequency of the slow wave was $4.36{\pm}0.22\;cycles/min$ at all the various sites of the cat stomach. The slow wave was propagated caudad in sequence and its velosity of propagation increased as the slow wave approached the pylorus in normal Krebs solution. 2) After acetylcholine administration, the frequency of the slow wave increased transiently and the increase of slow wave frequency was followed by the isometric contraction of antral muscle in association with the second potential which succeeded the slow wave. 3) By atropine administration, the stimulatory effect of acetylcholine on the antral muscle contraction was abolished completely, and the frequency of the slow wave decreased significantly compared with that of the control period, which tendency was more prominent in the antrum. The above results suggest that the transient increase in the frequency of gastric slow wave by acetylcholine may have some influence upon the contraction mechanism of the cat antral muscle.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.231-238
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• 2016

Objectives: This study used repeated intravenous injections of Saeng Maek San (SMS) injection in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to assess the toxicity and the stability of SMS. Methods: Six-week-old male and female SD rats reared by Orient bio Inc were chosen for this pilot study. They were randomly split into four groups: Group 1 (G1), the control group (0.3 mL of normal saline solution/day/animal), and Groups 2, 3 and 4 (G2, G3 and G4), the experimental groups (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mL/day/animal of SMS), respectively. Each animal received an intravenous injection of SMS once a day for four weeks. Clinical signs, body weight changes, and food consumption were monitored during the observation period, and urinalysis and hematology were conducted after four weeks of SMS or saline administration. Results: No deaths occurred in any of the four groups during the observation period. Compared to the control group, male and female rats in groups 3 and 4 (0.2 and 0.3 mL/animal/day) showed hemoglobinuria, but the low-dosage group (G2, 0.1 mL/animal/day) showed no significant changes in the clinical signs test. No significant changes due to SMS were observed in the experimental groups regarding body weight changes, food consumption urinalysis, or hematology. Conclusion: During this study, no mortalities were observed in any of the experimental groups and no hemoglobinuria was observed in the low dosage group (0.1 mL/animal/day) while it was intermittently observed in groups 3 and 4 (0.2 and 0.3 mL/animal/day). Thus, we suggest that the no-observed adverse-effect level (NOAEL) is 0.1 mL/animal/day in male and female SD rats.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.139-149
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• 2001

With the increasing number of women involved in social activities, beauty industry has flourished. More women than ever before are concerned about make-up, hair care, skin care, and weight control, etc. With the success and commercialization of beauty industry, unconfirmed beauty care services have been introduced in the market. However, the health hazard from diverse beauty care services has not been systematically addressed. This study has the following two purposes: 1) to examine the utilization pattern of diverse beauty care services; and 2) to examine the health hazard from beauty care services. For this study, two major universities located in Seoul area were selected. While 450 female college students were selected from one women's university, the other 450 were from mixed university. Using survey questionnaire, we interviewed with 900 female college students. The results are as follows: As for the beauty care patterns, makeup accounted for 78.6％, Skin care 49.5％, weight/body control 32.0％, hair care 81.5％, and cosmetic operation 14.9％, indicating significant high rates of makeup(x2=9.215, p=0.002) and hair care(x2=4.435, p=0.035) at both mixed and women's universities. The health hazard was measured using four questions. The past studies have not paid special attention to the methodological issue of how to ask health hazard. Depending on how to ask health hazard, the percentage of respondents reporting health problems varied. When the respondents were asked whether or not they had suffered health problems for a short period, over 60％ of respondents reported health problems; when they were asked in other ways-1) whether or not they had suffered health problems for a long period, 2) whether or not they had suffered whole body problems, 3) whether or not they had permanent traces on skin due to beauty care activities-, the percentage of respondents reporting health problems dropped substantially to less than 10％, This finding indicates the importance of ‘words’ used in questions. The relationships between health problems and utilization of beauty care services were examined, using χ2 test or t test. We found that there was a significant relationship between health problem and beauty care.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.5B
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• pp.480-488
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• 2009

A mobile ad-hoc network is an autonomous collection of wireless mobile nodes that organizes a temporary network without any network infrastructure. Due to node mobility, it is a challenging task to maintain the network topology. In this paper, we propose a stable clustering algorithm that uses node mobility for cluster formation. In the proposed algorithm, the node mobility is measured by counting the number of nodes entering into/leaving from its transmission range. The node having the lowest mobility is selected as a cluster head. For topology maintenance with reduced control overhead, the cluster head adaptively controls the broadcasting period of hello message to the measured node mobility. Through computer simulations, it is verified that the proposed algorithm outperforms previous clustering algorithms in terms of control overhead, the rate of node mobility changes and the number of cluster head changes.